Rupture Process and Aftershock Distribution of the MS6.8 Earthquake in Dingri, Xizang, on January 7, 2025
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摘要:
为了解西藏定日MS6.8地震的破裂机制，利用远震波形反演了主震的破裂过程并采用双差定位方法对地震序列进行了精定位.研究结果显示，主震破裂过程持续约22 s，破裂面沿发震断层向北单侧扩展，破裂长度约60 km，在主震以北约30 km附近，最大滑移量2.4 m并在地表形成同震破裂带，与野外地质调查结果相吻合.余震序列呈南北分带特征，可大致划分为三个余震丛集区，其中，南部和中部丛集区的地震分布表明发震断层较为复杂，揭示了多条次级断裂的联动活动.早期余震集中分布于主破裂区外围的低滑移区，与高滑移区（> 1.5 m）形成空间互补，符合“应力阴影”效应；后期余震向南迁移，并形成NE-SW与NW-SE向共轭集中区，揭示震后的多向应力调整过程.结果表明，区域构造应力场对地震破裂过程具有显著控制作用，余震分布与主震破裂后的应力调整过程和区域构造密切相关.
Abstract:To investigate the rupture mechanism of the MS6.8 earthquake in Dingri, Xizang, it inverted the rupture process of the mainshock using teleseismic waveforms and refined the hypocenter locations of the aftershock sequence through the double-difference relocation method. The results indicate that the rupture process lasted approximately 22 seconds, with unilateral propagation northward along the causative fault.The rupture extended for about 60 km, and the maximum slip reached 2.4 m, located roughly 30 km north of the mainshock, forming a co-seismic surface rupture zone that is consistent with the results of field geological surveys. The aftershock sequence exhibits a characteristic north-south distribution, which can be roughly categorized into three clusters. The earthquake distribution in the southern and central clusters indicates a complex fault structure and suggests the co-seismic activation of multiple secondary faults. Early aftershocks are concentrated in the low-slip regions at the periphery of the main rupture zone, complementing the high-slip areas (> 1.5 m), consistent with the "stress shadow" effect. Subsequent aftershocks migrated southward and formed conjugate clusters trending NE-SW and NW-SE, revealing a multi-directional stress adjustment process in the post-seismic stage. These findings suggest that the regional tectonic stress field plays a significant role in controlling the rupture process, and that the aftershock distribution is closely related to post-rupture stress redistribution and regional tectonics.
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图 1 西藏定日MS6.8地震附近区域地震构造图
Fig. 1. The seismic tectonic map of the area near the MS6.8 earthquake in Dingri, Xizang
图 2 震源破裂过程反演使用台站分布
图中红色圆圈表示震中距30°范围
Fig. 2. Station distribution map used for the inversion of the source rupture process
图 3 观测波形与合成波形对比
图中绿色波形为观测波形，红色波形为合成波形
Fig. 3. Comparison of the observed and synthetic waveforms
图 4 不同台站视震源时间函数和平均震源时间函数
三条彩色半透明曲线标注了三个波峰的位置
Fig. 4. Apparent source time functions and the average source time function at different stations
图 5 定日地震断层面静态滑移量分布
黑色箭头表示滑移方向，白色五角星表示震源（起始破裂点）位置.
Fig. 5. Static slip distribution on the fault plane for the Dingri earthquake
图 6 双差定位误差分布直方图
a，b，c分别表示N-S向、E-W向和Z垂直向的误差分布
Fig. 6. Distribution histograms of double-difference hypocenter location errors
图 8 定日地震断层面滑移量随时间变化
图中五角星为初始破裂点位置，右下角数字为震后时间
Fig. 8. Time-dependent slip distribution on the fault plane of the Dingri earthquake
图 9 定日地震断层面滑移量和早期余震分布
a.黑色圆点为余震位置，彩色区域为断层面滑移量在地面投影；b.沿纬度地震频次统计；地表破裂数据来自石峰等（2025）
Fig. 9. Fault plane slip and the distribution of early aftershocks for the Dingri earthquake
表 1 定日地震震源机制解参数
Table 1. Seismic source mechanism parameters of the Dingri earthquake
序号 节面Ⅰ 节面Ⅱ 地震矩（1019N·m） 发布机构和作者 走向（°） 倾角（°） 滑动角（°） 走向（°） 倾角（°） 滑动角（°） 1 348 40 -100 181 51 -81 - 中国地震台网中心 2 356 42 -88 173 48 -92 5.29 GCMT 3 349 42 -103 187 49 -78 4.749 USGS 4 346 49 -95 174 42 -85 4.046 9 张喆等 5 333 43 -112 182 51 -71 - 郭祥云 6 341 51 -113 196 44 -64 7.02 IPGP 7 151 56 -116 12 41 -56 5.024 6 GFZ 8 344 45 255 185 47 285 3.3 张勇等 9 331 59 -110 186 36 -60 - 陈鲲等 注：USGS. 美国地质调查局；GCMT. 全球地震矩张量；IPGP. 巴黎地球物理学院；GFZ. 德国地球科学研究中心. 
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