Significant Oil and Gas Discoveries and Inspirations in Underexplored Areas of Old Oil Fields: A Case Study of Southwest Sag in Dongpu Depression, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 为突破东濮凹陷西南洼低勘探程度区，解决老油田增储保矿权的难题，采用饱和烃色质谱及天然气碳同位素等分析测试手段，分析了油气源及成藏模式.发现该区发育三种原油和两种天然气，即低伽玛蜡烷指数的原油、中伽玛蜡烷指数的原油及高伽玛蜡烷指数的原油，上古生界的煤成气和煤成气与油型气混合形成的混合气.油源对比表明，低伽玛蜡烷指数的原油主要来自沙三中层系的淡水源岩，中伽玛蜡烷指数的原油主要来自沙三上层系的咸化源岩，高伽玛蜡烷指数的原油主要来自沙三下-沙四上层系的超咸化源岩.西南洼油气具有“多源供烃、构造控藏、断砂控富”的成藏特征，4种油气成藏模式（多级断阶、y型、反y型、和负花状），大断裂高效输导对西南洼的油气成藏具有控制作用.烃源岩及成藏的突破性认识是老油田低勘探程度区勘探成功的关键，研究成果对同类型盆地勘探具有一定借鉴意义.Abstract: To address the challenge of increasing reserves and preserving mining rights in old oil fields, particularly in the underexplored southwestern depression of the Dongpu Depression, this study employed saturation hydrocarbon chromatography and natural gas carbon isotope analysis to investigate the oil and gas sources and their entrapment patterns. The results revealed three types of crude oils and two types of natural gases in the area, namely, the low gammacerane index crude oil, medium gammacerane index crude oil, and high gammacerane index crude oil, as well as Upper Paleozoic coal-derived gas and a mixture of coal-derived gas and oil-type gas. Oil-source correlation indicates that low gammacerane index crude oil primarily originates from freshwater source rocks in the middle third submember of the Shahejie Formation. Medium gammacerane index crude oil mainly comes from saline source rocks in the upper third submember of the Shahejie Formation. High gammacerane index crude oil predominantly stems from hypersaline source rocks in the lower third submember of the Shahejie Formation. The oil and gas in the Southwest Sag exhibit a "multi-source hydrocarbon supply, structure-controlled reservoir, and fault-sand controlled richness" entrapment characteristic. Four distinct types of oil and gas entrapment patterns were identified: multi-level fault steps, Y-shaped, inverted Y-shaped, and negative flower-like. Major fault plays a controlling role in the entrapment of oil and gas in the Southwest Sag. The breakthrough understanding of hydrocarbon source rocks and entrapment mechanisms is critical to the successful exploration of underexplored areas in old oil fields. These findings provide valuable insights and reference significance for similar basins, particularly in optimizing strategies exploration and enhancing reserve discovery in old oil fields.
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Key words:
- underexplored area /
- Dongpu Depression /
- gammacerane index /
- coal⁃derived gas /
- Southuest Sag /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 东濮凹陷构造刚要图及取样井分布
Fig. 1. The structural contour map of the Dongpu Depression and the distribution of the sampling wells
图 2 东濮凹陷不同地区烃源岩伽马蜡烷指数特征分布
a.淡水区；b.含盐区
Fig. 2. Distribution of gammacerane index characteristic of source rocks in different areas of Dongpu Depression
图 3 东濮凹陷西南洼咸化环境原油质谱图
Fig. 3. Chromatogram of salinized environmental crude oil in Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression
图 4 东濮凹陷西南洼赵4-3油源对比质谱图（咸化源岩）
Fig. 4. Oil-source correlation mass spectrogram of Well Zhao 4-3 in Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression (salted source rock)
图 5 东濮凹陷西南洼淡化环境原油（濮深8井）色质谱图
Fig. 5. Color mass spectrogram of desalination environmental crude oil in Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression(Well Pushen 8)
图 6 东濮凹陷西南洼淡化环境烃源岩（濮深8井）色质谱图
Fig. 6. Color mass spectrogram of desalination environmental source rock in Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression(Well Pushen 8)
图 7 东濮凹陷西南洼超咸水环境原油色质谱图
Fig. 7. Color mass spectrogram of ultra saline water environment crude oil in Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression
图 8 东濮凹陷西南洼不同成因天然气成因判识
图版据戴金星（1992）
Fig. 8. Genetic identification of natural gases of different origins in the Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression
图 9 东濮凹陷西南洼不同井的烃类包裹体荧光特征
Fig. 9. Fluorescence characteristics of hydrocarbon inclusions from different wells in the Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression
图 10 西南洼Ro与埋藏深度关系（a）和何301井与烃类相伴生的盐水包裹体均一温度及埋藏史（b）
Fig. 10. Southwest Sag Ro vs. burial depth (a) and uniformity temperature and burial history of saltwater inclusions associated with hydrocarbons of Well He 301 (b)
图 11 东濮凹陷西南洼赵庄地区油气成藏模式
Fig. 11. Oil and gas reservoir formation model in the Zhaozhuang area in the Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression
图 12 东濮凹陷西南洼孟居地区油气成藏模式
Fig. 12. Oil and gas reservoir formation model in the Mengju area in the Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression
图 13 东濮凹陷西南洼方里集地区油气成藏模式
Fig. 13. Oil and gas reservoir formation model in the Fangliji area in the Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression
图 14 东濮凹陷西南洼南何家地区油气成藏模式
Fig. 14. Oil and gas reservoir formation model in the Nanhejia area in the Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression
表 1 东濮凹陷北部咸化环境源岩生物标志化合物分布
Table 1. Distribution of biomarker compounds in source rocks of saltified environment in the northern Dongpu Depression
洼陷 井号 层位 深度（m） 岩性 有机碳（%） 伽玛蜡烷/C30霍烷 甾烷/藿烷 Ts/Tm 濮城 濮6-65 沙四上2 3 563.65 灰色泥岩 0.82 0.53 7.94 0.12 文东 文203-35 沙三中4 3 297.73 灰色泥岩 0.54 0.56 1.91 0.37 卫城 卫18-5 沙三中9 2 705.42 深灰色页岩 1.60 0.56 2.47 0.15 文西 文15-14 沙三上5 2 376.50 深灰色页岩 2.58 0.62 5.04 0.30 柳屯 胡96 沙三中3 3 888.01 黑灰色页岩 2.40 0.68 2.63 0.38 前梨园 前参2井 沙三下5 4 276.59 深灰色页岩 2.26 0.73 3.33 0.40 文西 文248 沙三下6 3 382.70 深灰色页岩 1.97 0.76 1.35 0.54 文东 文203-35 沙三中4 3 294.15 深灰色页岩 4.20 0.79 2.89 0.47 濮城 濮115 沙三上7 3 131.50 深灰色页岩 1.99 0.79 1.21 1.06 文西 文古1 沙一下 1 967.60 灰色泥岩 0.80 0.84 0.70 0.63 卫城 卫18-5 沙三中8 2 651.15 深灰色页岩 2.09 0.87 2.52 1.77 文西 文古1 沙一下 2 020.50 灰色白云质泥岩 0.88 0.88 0.81 0.83 卫城 卫20 沙三中3 2 388.00 深灰色页岩 2.41 0.91 0.43 1.23 文东 文203-35 沙三中6 3 387.38 深灰色页岩 1.09 0.96 0.81 1.16 濮城 濮6-65 沙三上8 3 053.55 黑色页岩 1.08 0.96 0.70 0.63 
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表 2 东濮凹陷南部淡水环境源岩伽玛蜡烷/C30霍烷分布
Table 2. Distribution of gammacerane/C30 huoan in source rocks of freshwater environment in the southern Dongpu Depression
洼陷 井号 层位 深度（m） 岩性 有机碳（%） 伽玛蜡烷/C30霍烷 葛岗集南 马11-7 沙三中4 2 755.77 灰色泥岩 0.53 0.18 葛岗集北 桥80 沙三下4 3 716.57 灰色泥岩 0.54 0.37 葛岗集南 徐14-14 沙三中9 2 974.97 灰色泥岩 0.56 0.19 西南洼 濮深6 沙三中8 4 649.20 页岩 0.67 0.28 葛岗集南 徐14-14 沙三中9 3 013.38 灰色泥岩 0.73 0.15 葛岗集南 春9 沙三上 2 500.80 灰色泥岩 0.90 0.24
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表 3 东濮凹陷超咸水环境源岩伽玛蜡烷/C30霍烷分布
Table 3. Distribution of gammacerane/C30 huoan in source rocks of ultra saline water environment in Dongpu Depression
井号 层位 深度（m） 岩性 有机碳（%） 伽玛蜡烷/C30霍烷 文201 沙三下2 3 684.80 深灰色泥岩 2.63 2.17 文201 沙三下2 3 684.80 深灰色页岩 2.63 2.31 胡83 沙三上10 3 828.00 深灰色页岩 1.08 2.33 卫79-8 沙四上4 3 467.50 深灰色泥岩 1.45 2.36 卫79-8 沙四上4 3 467.96 深灰色泥岩 1.30 2.55 卫79-8 沙四上2 3 358.30 深灰色页岩 0.81 2.57 濮6-65 沙四上2 3 562.50 灰色泥岩 1.61 2.81 文250 沙三下3 3 675.50 深灰色泥岩 1.32 2.98 胡122 沙四上3 3 721.43 深灰色泥岩 1.20 3.10 文250 沙三下3 3 674.50 深灰色页岩 1.01 3.15 文250 沙三下3 3 682.50 深灰色泥岩 1.21 3.45 濮深20 沙三下2 4 555.28 灰黑色页岩 1.29 4.37
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表 4 东濮凹陷西南洼天然气组分特征
Table 4. Characteristics of natural gas components in Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression
井位 深度（m） 层位 CO2（vol%） N2（vol%） CH4（vol%） C2H6（vol%） C3H8（vol%） 烃类（vol%） 非烃（vol%） C1/（C1-C5) 方2 3 951.8~3 965.6 沙二下 4.69 3.24 85.94 3.41 1.46 92.07 7.93 0.93 方3 3 597.5~3 676.8 沙二下 2.45 4.11 90.58 2.21 0.32 93.43 6.57 0.97 何3 3 678.9~4 052.9 沙二下 2.58 1.79 93.20 1.82 0.33 95.39 4.37 0.98 何301 3 794.8~3 822.9 沙二下 1.08 / 89.27 5.90 1.61 98.92 1.08 0.90 孟4 3 525.0~3 607.5 沙二下 1.22 0.95 93.67 3.48 0.56 97.83 2.17 0.96 赵4-1 2 865.4~3 291.9 沙二下 2.23 3.91 58.16 13.30 10.82 93.86 6.14 0.62 赵4-3 3 002.3~3 125.9 沙二下 1.96 2.03 43.01 18.88 18.12 96.01 3.99 0.45 赵5 3 912.5~3 990.0 沙三上 3.94 2.73 71.59 9.83 5.46 93.33 6.67 0.77
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表 5 东濮凹陷西南洼天然气碳同位素特征
Table 5. Carbon isotope characteristics of natural gas in Southwest Sag of Dongpu Depression
井位 深度（m） 层位 甲烷
δ13CPDB（‰）乙烷
δ13CPDB（‰）丙烷
δ13CPDB（‰）正丁烷
δ13CPDB（‰）天然气成因 方2 3 951.8~3 965.6 沙二下 ‒30.3 ‒23.7 ‒24.0 ‒25.1 煤型气 方3 3 597.5~3 676.8 沙二下 ‒33.5 ‒20.5 ‒17.2 / 煤型气为主 何3 3 678.9~4 052.9 沙二下 ‒34.0 ‒11.2 ‒16.8 ‒19.1 煤型气为主 何301 3 794.8~3 822.9 沙二下 ‒37.8 ‒22.5 ‒18.5 ‒20.8 混合气 赵4‒1 2 865.4~3 291.9 沙二下 ‒38. ‒24.5 ‒22.8 ‒23.0 油型气为主 赵4‒3 3 002.3~3 125.9 沙二下 ‒37.8 ‒24.6 ‒23.2 ‒23.3 油型气为主 赵5 3 912.5~3 990.0 沙三上 ‒39.9 ‒25.0 ‒22.7 ‒22.4 油型气为主
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