Superimposed Mineralization of Dabaoshan Polymetallic Deposit in Guangdong Province: Evidence from Sulfide Re-Os and Rb-Sr Dating and In-Situ Trace Element Analysis
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摘要:
大宝山是钦杭成矿带内一个重要的大型多金属矿床,其是否存在海底喷流沉积成矿作用尚存在争议.对该矿床不同类型的硫化物进行了同位素定年和原位微量元素分析.获得的磁黄铁矿Re-Os和闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄分别为(366±33)Ma和(166.3±2.5)Ma.磁黄铁矿整体呈现Co低、Ni高、Se高、Te低的特点,Co/Ni比值几乎均小于1,指示其沉积成因的特征.闪锌矿相对富集Fe、Mn、Cd、Ga、In、Sn等元素,具有较低的Zn/Cd和Cd/Fe比值,较低的Co含量和较高的Sn含量,指示其喷流沉积成因.综合认为大宝山多金属矿床经历了中泥盆世喷流沉积成矿和中侏罗世岩浆热液叠加成矿.在400 ℃左右的成矿温度下,硫化物Re-Os同位素体系保持封闭,原位成分仍记录了早期沉积成因特征,这一发现在华南块状硫化物矿床成因研究中可供借鉴.
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关键词:
- 磁黄铁矿Re-Os定年 /
- 闪锌矿Rb-Sr定年 /
- 原位微量元素 /
- 叠加成矿 /
- 大宝山多金属矿床 /
- 矿床学
Abstract:The Dabaoshan deposit is a large-sized polymetallic deposit within the Qin-Hang Metallogenic Belt, and it is still controversial whether there has been submarine exhalative sedimentation. In this study, we conducted isotopic dating and in-situ elemental analysis of various sulfides in the deposit, having obtained Re-Os isochron age of (366±33) Ma for pyrrhotites and Rb-Sr isochron age of (166.3±2.5) Ma for sphalerite, respectively. The pyrrhotite is characterized by low concentrations of Co and Te, and high concentrations of Ni and Se, with Co/Ni ratios predominantly below 1, indicating a sedimentary origin. Additionally, sphalerite is relatively enriched in elements such as Fe, Mn, Cd, Ga, In, and Sn, exhibiting relatively low Zn/Cd and Cd/Fe ratios, low Co content, and high Sn content, indicating a sedimentary exhalative origin. Generally, the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit experienced mineralization through Devonian exhalative sedimentation mineralization, followed by Jurassic magmatic-hydrothermal superimposition. The Re-Os isotope system of sulfides remained stable at a mineralization temperature around 400 ℃, preserving the in-situ geochemical signatures of the initial sedimentary processes. The findings provide valuable insights into the genesis of massive sulfide deposits in South China.
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图 1 华南大地构造图(a)、粤北区域地质简图(b)和大宝山多金属矿床地质图(c)
a. 据Mao et al.(2013);底图来自自然资源部标准地图服务系统,底图审图号为GS(2016)2923号. b. 据葛朝华和韩发(1987). c. 据Wang et al.(2019)
Fig. 1. Simplified tectonic map of South China (a); regional geological map of North Guangdong Province (b); geological map of the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit (c)
图 2 大宝山多金属矿床纵剖面(I‒I′)(据刘武生等,2019)
Fig. 2. The vertical section (I‒I′) of the Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit (after Liu et al., 2019)
表 1 本次研究的样品采样位置、特征及测试内容
Table 1. The sample location, characteristics and analysis contents in this study
样品编号 采样位置 矿物组合 测试内容 DBS37-1, 2, 3 45线721 m平台 Ccp+Po+Spl 原位微量元素 DBS27-14 39线661 m平台 Po±Ccp 原位微量元素,Re-Os DBS26-2a 31线709 m平台 Po+Ccp 原位微量元素 DBS32-1a 29线721 m平台 Po±Ccp 原位微量元素 DBS31-5, 8 29线721 m平台 Po±Ccp 原位微量元素 DBS25-1a, 1b, 3a 23线721 m平台 Po±Ccp 原位微量元素,Re-Os DBS36-1b 17线745 m平台 Po±Ccp 原位微量元素 DBS35-3 8线721 m平台 Po±Ccp 原位微量元素,Re-Os DBS35-1, 2 8线721 m平台 Spl+Gn+Po±Ccp±Py 原位微量元素,Rb-Sr DBS33-1, 4, 5, 7 8线733 m平台 Spl+Gn±Po±Ccp±Py 原位微量元素, Rb-Sr 注:矿物缩写:Po.磁黄铁矿;Py.黄铁矿;Ccp.黄铜矿;Spl.闪锌矿;Gn.方铅矿. 表 2 硫化物LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析结果(10-6)
Table 2. Summary of the LA-ICP-MS trace element results for sulfides(10-6)
硫化物 Fe Mn V Cr Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te W Au Tl Pb Bi Po-1
n=33标准方差 30 810 185 36.4 19.7 1.21 50.6 2.72 5.74 2.56 2.80 3.17 17.3 0.620 1.14 0.15 5.52 0.50 0.14 87.6 0.06 0.34 5.24 72.2 最小值 562 022 1.76 0.02 0.93 0.02 13.7 0.14 0.05 0.28 0.11 1.58 4.59 0.018 0.27 0.001 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.001 0.01 0.15 0.09 最大值 675 177 736 205 101 5.15 179 10.1 20.7 10.2 14.6 12.9 76.4 2.248 4.00 0.57 24.5 1.87 0.53 405 0.19 1.37 23.8 410 平均值 614 349 75.9 12.7 19.3 1.63 96.6 3.41 9.50 2.41 3.84 6.35 30.3 0.891 1.07 0.13 4.32 0.53 0.17 24.8 0.08 0.29 4.20 15.6 Po-2
n=17标准方差 32 037 2.65 14.0 5.88 0.57 48.3 180 4.25 0.80 1.59 3.82 26.4 0.532 1.44 0.02 1.35 0.16 0.08 33.5 0.03 0.12 8.44 1.19 最小值 586 039 3.64 0.04 1.79 0.10 0.07 0.92 3.07 0.27 0.84 0.90 3.77 0.047 0.11 0.01 0.31 0.06 0.002 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.22 0.22 最大值 684 496 13.3 46.6 25.2 2.00 197 479 15.5 2.54 5.26 19.1 84.0 1.938 3.94 0.06 4.66 0.58 0.27 75.2 0.10 0.34 35.1 5.06 平均值 616 739 6.85 4.49 9.42 1.03 92.0 71.8 9.02 1.05 2.53 7.23 41.0 0.917 1.30 0.03 2.27 0.22 0.06 15.2 0.07 0.12 3.59 1.33 Po-3
n=41标准方差 25 636 68.5 0.51 6.66 0.58 33.2 4.59 4.67 2.87 2.17 213 16.1 0.678 0.75 0.06 1.64 0.72 0.06 2.19 0.03 0.05 2.00 4.73 最小值 600 038 0.73 0.02 0.35 0.01 0.95 0.05 0.96 0.02 0.10 0.50 0.27 0.046 0.29 0.004 0.11 0.01 0.003 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.13 0.08 最大值 704 488 433 2.30 33.7 2.92 118 17.2 27.7 13.6 7.64 1356 66.8 3.918 2.64 0.23 5.20 3.32 0.25 9.14 0.11 0.19 12.0 26.8 平均值 642 141 17.1 0.42 7.42 0.49 44.3 5.30 6.54 1.20 3.49 39.8 20.7 0.755 1.16 0.07 2.14 0.51 0.06 0.79 0.05 0.06 1.76 2.40 Po-4
n=25标准方差 21 462 4.91 3.45 13.8 2.29 34.0 990 704 1.29 2.17 2.81 26.6 2.670 5.60 2.02 6.02 0.20 0.04 0.14 0.03 0.04 4.97 22.1 最小值 583 043 0.34 0.01 0.46 0.16 6.35 1.17 4.33 0.11 0.68 1.21 4.29 0.144 0.38 0.01 0.83 0.01 0.004 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.59 最大值 667 315 20.9 14.9 61.3 6.83 141 3 962 2 506 4.13 7.64 11.65 86.8 8.796 18.4 9.01 21.6 0.66 0.14 0.48 0.13 0.15 19.5 99.5 平均值 633 112 5.67 1.15 9.30 3.28 40.1 320 378 1.53 3.55 6.55 36.9 2.919 3.99 0.91 4.85 0.25 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.06 3.73 15.2 Spl-1
n=12标准方差 1 523 232 0.06 1.47 0.41 8.27 678 4 380 1.26 0.72 0.52 4.50 5.72 305 47.3 11.3 0.21 0.05 0.01 0.09 0.04 2.53 3.00 最小值 81 247 456 0.07 0.53 1.22 0.90 152 667 837 5.90 0.10 0.20 1.34 4.00 4 887 177 0.39 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.08 0.32 最大值 86 160 1 120 0.24 4.60 2.66 25.8 2 059 682 315 9.76 1.81 1.65 15.7 20.8 5 751 321 40.8 0.63 0.14 0.05 0.34 0.16 6.93 8.29 平均值 83 558 707 0.13 2.34 1.85 10.9 756 673 127 7.93 1.11 0.73 8.41 10.8 5 378 250 5.55 0.26 0.05 0.03 0.14 0.10 2.71 3.29 Spl-2
n=8标准方差 719 176 0.05 \ 0.14 12.2 131 2 530 10.0 1.16 1.12 3.15 2.34 76.8 5.60 6.18 2.05 0.43 0.02 0.07 0.07 1.39 0.014 最小值 58 570 3 608 0.01 \ 0.15 1.63 220 676 035 82.4 0.16 0.04 0.53 0.99 5 139 147 6.46 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.26 0.002 最大值 60 467 4 164 0.10 \ 0.43 32.1 603 684 074 113 3.32 2.75 8.20 8.67 5 409 163 23.4 4.65 1.02 0.06 0.24 0.23 4.37 0.034 平均值 59 807 4 011 0.05 \ 0.31 16.3 285 680 192 101 1.42 0.91 5.24 3.42 5 281 155 12.4 1.68 0.33 0.04 0.11 0.16 1.18 0.015 表 3 磁黄铁矿Re-Os同位素结果
Table 3. Re-Os isotopic data of pyrrhotite
样品编号 样重(g) ω(Re) (10‒9) ω(普Os) (10‒9) ω(187Os) (10‒9) 187Re/188Os 187Os/188Os 测定值 2σ 测定值 2σ 测定值 2σ 测定值 2σ 测定值 2σ DBS25-1a 0.700 62 0.358 8 0.002 7 0.017 8 0.000 1 0.002 0 0.000 02 97.96 1.00 0.859 3 0.001 5 DBS25-1b 0.700 06 0.381 0 0.002 8 0.049 5 0.000 4 0.002 9 0.000 02 37.17 0.38 0.456 5 0.000 9 DBS25-3a 0.700 47 0.335 5 0.002 5 0.007 3 0.000 1 0.001 5 0.000 01 221.5 2.40 1.583 8 0.008 0 DBS35-3 0.700 35 0.464 0 0.003 5 0.028 5 0.000 3 0.002 6 0.000 03 78.63 1.00 0.704 2 0.004 8 DBS27-14 0.700 11 1.224 0 0.009 0 0.070 6 0.000 6 0.007 1 0.000 06 83.85 0.90 0.772 1 0.002 9 表 4 闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素结果
Table 4. Rb-Sr isotopic data of sphalerite
样品编号 ω(Rb) (10‒6) ω(Sr) (10‒6) 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr 1σ DBS33-1 0.248 8 0.312 4 2.297 0.714 77 0.000 04 DBS33-4 0.659 7 0.105 2 18.16 0.750 75 0.000 06 DBS33-5 0.652 7 0.192 9 9.373 0.731 85 0.000 07 DBS33-7 0.300 6 0.027 0 32.39 0.785 37 0.000 02 DBS35-1 0.068 8 0.055 1 3.603 0.717 66 0.000 05 DBS35-2 0.782 6 0.058 9 38.66 0.799 09 0.000 04 DBS35-1b 0.065 6 0.089 0 2.126 0.712 53 0.000 08 DBS35-2b 0.600 4 0.043 9 39.77 0.803 92 0.000 10 -
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