Development of an Adjustable Hydrogel Material for Ecological Restoration in the Qinling Mountains: Reconstructed Performance and Microscopic Mechanism
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摘要:
为解决秦岭生态受损特征多样和生态恢复效率不足等问题，研究了一种聚乙烯醇（PVA）和结冷胶（GG）物理交联的可调型水凝胶材料. 通过一系列室内试验，综合分析了水凝胶及其重构土壤的性能. 结果表明：（1）PVA-GG水凝胶具有良好的保湿性和生物降解性，且置入自然环境中一个月可降解18.2%；土壤力学性能随着PVA质量比的增加而提高.（2）土颗粒与水凝胶形成了二元团聚体，融合水凝胶优势有效地提高了土壤的保水性、抗裂性、水稳定性和生态修复性.（3）水凝胶经低温固化后形成膜状基质，与土颗粒包裹、黏附和填充构成紧密的团聚体结构. 水凝胶作为一种可调型材料，面对秦岭不同受损单元的生态修复具备应用潜力.
Abstract:To address the diverse characteristics of ecological degradation and the limited efficiency of ecological restoration in the Qinling Mountains, this study investigates a tunable hydrogel material physically crosslinked from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gellan gum (GG). A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to comprehensively analyze the properties of the hydrogel and its effects on reconstructed soil. The results indicate that: (1) the PVA-GG hydrogel exhibits excellent water retention and biodegradability, with a degradation rate of 18.2% after one month in a natural environment; the mechanical properties of the soil improve with increasing PVA content. (2) Soil particles and the hydrogel form binary aggregates, effectively enhancing the soil's water-holding capacity, crack resistance, water stability, and ecological restoration capability by leveraging the hydrogel's advantages. (3) After low-temperature curing, the hydrogel forms a film-like matrix that closely integrates with soil particles through encapsulation, adhesion, and pore-filling, resulting in a compact aggregate structure. As a tunable material, the hydrogel shows promising potential for ecological restoration across various degraded units in the Qinling Mountains.
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Key words:
- Qinling Mountain /
- damaged unit /
- hydrogel /
- soil reconstruction /
- ecological restoration /
- biodegradable materials
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图 3 PVA-GG水凝胶制备过程示意图
Fig. 3. Schematic illustration of the preparation process of PVA-GG hydrogel
图 5 不同组分浓度下水凝胶的凝胶状态
Fig. 5. Gelation states of hydrogels at different component concentrations
图 6 饱和溶胀后不同比例的水凝胶失水曲线
Fig. 6. Water loss curves of hydrogels with different ratios after saturated swelling
图 8 不同PVA质量比下试样抗拉强度变化曲线
Fig. 8. Tensile strength variation curves of samples at different PVA mass ratios
图 9 不同PVA质量比下试样蒸发开裂情况
a. 含水率、蒸发速率变化曲线；b. 裂隙形态演变
Fig. 9. Evaporation-induced cracking behavior of samples at different PVA mass ratios
图 10 不同PVA质量比下试样的裂隙几何参数
a. 表面裂隙率；b. 总裂隙长度；c. 平均裂隙宽度；d. 分形维数
Fig. 10. Geometric parameters of cracks in samples at different PVA mass ratios
图 11 不同PVA质量比下试样的崩解情况
a. 素土；b. 水凝胶重构土壤
Fig. 11. Disintegration of samples at different PVA mass ratios
图 12 不同PVA质量比下试样的植物生长情况
a. 生长过程；b. 发芽率与株高
Fig. 12. Plant growth in samples at different PVA mass ratios
图 13 土壤修复的微观机理
a. SEM照片；b. 颗粒-水凝胶作用机制
Fig. 13. Microbial mechanism of soil remediation
表 1 土壤基本物理参数
Table 1. Basic physical parameters of soil
最大干密度（g/cm3） 最优含水率（%） 比重Gs 液限（%） 塑限（%） 塑性指数（Ip） 1.79 18.94 2.70 38.41 21.12 17.3 
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