Petrogenesis of Mesoarchean TTG and Potassic Granite Suit in Wengmen Complex, Southern Dabie Orogen: Implications for Early Crustal Evolution of Yangtze Block
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摘要:
太古宙晚期（3.0~2.5 Ga）是全球大陆地壳性质发生显著变化、地球动力学过程发生根本性转变的关键时期.大别山造山带太古宙岩石出露稀少，在大别山南缘新发现的翁门杂岩为进一步揭示扬子陆块古老陆壳形成演化过程提供了新的制约信息.对翁门TTG质片麻岩和钾质花岗岩脉进行了锆石U-Pb定年、锆石Hf同位素和全岩主微量元素分析，揭示了其岩石成因，探讨了扬子陆块太古宙陆壳演化过程.锆石U-Pb定年结果显示，TTG片麻岩和钾质花岗岩脉均形成于中太古代（2 927~2 917 Ma）.TTG片麻岩可细分为低重稀土型和高重稀土型两类.与典型太古宙TTG相比，低重稀土型TTG具有中等的SiO2和Na2O含量，其Mg#、Ni、Cr含量和Sr/Y比值偏低，显示出低压TTG特征；而高重稀土型TTG则具有更加偏低的Mg#、Ni、Cr含量和非常低的Sr/Y比值，应属于过渡型TTG.钾质花岗岩脉则表现为高SiO2、富K2O和富铁的特征，呈现出左倾“V型”海鸥式稀土配分模式，为高分异花岗岩，其岩浆氧逸度和水含量与现代岛弧岩浆相似.锆石Hf同位素分析表明，TTG片麻岩的εHf（t）值为-3.7~+1.5，两阶段模式年龄为3.56~3.23 Ga；而钾质花岗岩脉的εHf（t）值为-4.3~+0.2，两阶段模式年龄为3.58~3.31 Ga.大别山南缘翁门杂岩中TTG和富钾花岗岩的同时出现，标志着扬子陆块北缘在中太古代时期板块构造的发育、古老大陆地壳的逐步成熟和初始克拉通化.
Abstract:The late Archean (3.0-2.5 Ga) is a pivotal period when the composition of the continental crust and the tectonics style significantly changed. Abundant Mesoarchean granitoids, including TTG gneisses and potassic granitoids, occur in the Wengmen complex within the southern Dabie Orogen, part of the North Yangtze Block. Here, it presents major and trace elements, zircon U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotopes of these granitoids, which were integrated to determine their petrogenesis and constrain the crustal evolution of the Yangtze Block. The TTG gneisses and potassium granite veins have similar emplacement ages from 2 927 Ma to 2 917 Ma. The TTG gneisses can be divided into two types: low-HREE type and high-HREE type. Compared with the typical Archean TTGs, the low-HREE TTGs have moderate SiO2 and Na2O content, lower Mg#, Ni, Cr contents and Sr/Y ratio, showing the characteristics of low pressure TTGs. The high-HREE TTGs have lower Mg#, Ni, Cr contents and a very low Sr/Y ratio, which should belong to the transitional TTGs. The potassic granite veins are characterized by high SiO2, K2O, high K2O/Na2O (0.81-1.09) and iron-rich, exhibiting a left-leaning "V-type" seagull-type rare earth distribution pattern, indicative of highly differentiated granites. Their magmatic oxygen fugacity and water content resemble those of modern arc magmas. Zircons from the TTG gneisses gave εHf(t) values of -3.7-+1.5 and Hf crustal model ages (TDMC) of 3.56-3.23 Ga, whereas those from the potassic granites show εHf(t) values of -4.3-+0.2 and TDMC ages of 3.58-3.31 Ga. The coeval occurrence of TTGs and K-rich granitoids of the Wengmen complex within the southern Dabie Orogen marks the development of plate tectonics, the maturation of the continental crust and initial cratonization of the North Yangtze Block during the Mesoarchean.
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Key words:
- Yangtze Block /
- Dabie Orogen /
- Archean /
- TTG /
- potassic granite /
- magmatic oxygen fugacity /
- geochronology
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图 1 大别山南缘翁门杂岩地质简图（据徐大良等, 2023a修改）
Fig. 1. Geological map of the Wengmen complex within the southern Dabie Orogen (modified after Xu et al., 2023a)
图 2 翁门杂岩中太古代花岗质岩的野外和镜下特征
a. 变基性岩脉侵入翁门杂岩花岗质片麻岩中；b. 花岗闪长质片麻岩；c. 钾质花岗岩呈脉状侵入英云闪长质片麻岩；d. 英云闪长质片麻岩，矿物多呈断续条带状定向排列，斜长石表面绢云母化明显；e. 花岗闪长质片麻岩；f. 钾质花岗岩（黑云母二长花岗岩）.镜下照片均为正交偏光.矿物缩写：Pl. 斜长石；Kfs. 钾长石；Qtz. 石英；Bt. 黑云母；Ser. 绢云母；Mag. 磁铁矿
Fig. 2. Field and microscopic photos of the Mesoarchean meta-granitic rocks from the Wengmen complex
图 3 翁门杂岩中太古代花岗质岩的岩石类型地球化学判别图
底图据文献Middlemost，1994；Frost et al.，2001；Martin et al.，2005；Frost and Frost，2008.崆岭杂岩数据引自Guo et al.，2015；Qiu et al.，2018.图 4、图 8数据来源同此图
Fig. 3. Geochemical discrimination diagrams for the Mesoarchean granites in the Wengmen complex
图 4 翁门杂岩中太古代花岗质岩的球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图（a）和原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（b）（标准化值据Sun and McDonough，1989）
Fig. 4. Chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized trace elements spider diagram (b) for Mesoarchean granites in the Wengmen complex (normalization values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 5 翁门杂岩变花岗质岩锆石CL、U-Pb年龄和稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线
锆石CL旁所标数字为207Pb/206Pb表观年龄和εHf（t）值
Fig. 5. Cathodoluminescence (CL) images, U-Pb ages and chondrite-normalized REE patterns for zircons of the meta-granitic rocks from the Wengmen complex
图 6 翁门杂岩中太古代花岗质岩锆石Hf同位素特征
引用数据来源：大别山南缘中太古代花岗质岩（徐大良等，2023a），捕获/继承锆石（Xu et al.，2023；徐大良等，2023b）
Fig. 6. Characteristics of zircon Hf isotopic composition for the Mesoarchean granites in the Wengmen complex
图 7 翁门杂岩中太古代花岗质岩锆石氧逸度‒水含量
底图、太古宙花岗岩、显生宙岛弧数据来自Ge et al., 2023
Fig. 7. Zircon oxybarometer-hygrometer diagram for Mesoarchean granites in the Wengmen complex
图 8 翁门杂岩中太古代花岗质岩的岩石成因判别图
底图据Martin et al.，2005；Schiano et al.，2010；Moyen，2011；Laurent et al.，2014
Fig. 8. Petrogenesis discrimination diagrams for the Mesoarchean granites in the Wengmen complex
图 9 翁门杂岩中太古代高分异钾质花岗岩的地球化学判别图
底图据Sylvester，1989；Wu et al.，2017
Fig. 9. Geochemical discrimination diagrams for Mesoarchean highly fractionated potassic granites in the Wengmen complex
表 1 翁门杂岩中太古代花岗质岩锆石氧逸度和水含量
Table 1. Zircon oxybarometer-hygrometer for Mesoarchean granites in the Wengmen complex
样品名称 岩石类型 锆石饱和温度(℃) 水含量
(%)fO2
(ΔFMQ)数值 误差 数值 误差 数值 误差 QC212-7 低HREE型TTG 796.42 27.29 2.21 0.65 -0.31 0.33 QC212-16 高HREE型TTG 778.82 23.61 2.54 0.39 -0.15 0.2 QC212-11 钾质花岗岩 819.67 12.67 5.64 0.24 1.16 0.11 注：计算方法详见 Ge et al., 2023 .
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