Failure Mode of Dike and Reinforcement Mechanism of Steel Sheet Pile during Storm Surge
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摘要:
为研究风暴潮期间的海堤稳定性，基于水槽试验对不同水位、波高下的海堤破坏模式及钢板桩对海堤的加固机制进行了分析.试验结果表明：未加固海堤在低水位大波高下发生破坏，破坏模式为渗流越浪-陆侧坡滑移-挡浪墙倾斜-堤顶冲刷.单排钢板桩在低水位大波高下通过降低海堤内部渗流强度使海堤保持基本稳定；高水位中等波高下海堤发生破坏，破坏模式与未加固海堤相似，但钢板桩有效阻隔了越浪水体的溯源冲刷，降低了堤顶冲刷程度，在此期间钢板桩发生明显变形其最大弯矩迅速增大.双排钢板桩在高水位中等波高下进一步降低渗流和溯源冲刷强度，海堤基本保持稳定，仅部分栅栏板发生滑移；高水位大波高下，其陆侧桩和海侧桩有效阻隔了堤前波浪及堤后越浪水体对堤顶的冲刷，堤顶及挡浪墙保持完好，由于拉杆对钢板桩变形限制，钢板桩最大弯矩要更小且位置更深.研究表明单排钢板桩通过降低渗流强度和阻隔越浪水体的溯源冲刷增强了海堤稳定性.双排钢板桩降低渗流及堤后溯源冲刷的效果更好，且阻隔了堤前波浪冲刷，堤顶在最极端工况下仍保持完整.
Abstract:To investigate the dike stability during the storm surge, this study analyzed the failure modes of the dike under varying water levels and wave heights and the reinforcement mechanisms of the steel sheet piles on the dike based on the flume tests. The experimental results indicate that unreinforced dike failed at low water levels and high wave heights, following a failure process: seepage and overtopping, landward slope sliding, vertical wall tilting, and dike crest scouring. The single-row steel sheet pile kept the dike basically stable by reducing the internal seepage under low water level and high wave height conditions. At high water levels and middle wave heights, the dike eventually failed with a similar failure mode compared to the unreinforced dike. However, the single-row steel sheet pile blocked the headward scour caused by overtopping waves, mitigating the wave scour on the dike crest and generating obvious deformation with a significant increase in the maximum bending moment. The double-row steel sheet piles further reduced seepage and wave scour at high water levels and middle wave heights, and the dike remained stable basically with only several fence panels slipping. At high water levels and wave heights, the seaward pile and landward pile blocked the wave scour on the dike crest caused by waves in front of the dike and wave overtopping behind the dike, respectively, maintaining the dike and vertical wall stability. The maximum bending moments of the double-row steel sheet piles were smaller with deeper locations due to the limitation of the tie rod on the deformation. This research indicated that the single-row steel sheet pile improved the dike stability by reducing seepage and blocking the headward scour caused by wave overtopping. The double-row steel sheet piles reduced seepage and headward scour more effectively and blocked the wave scour in front of the dike, making the dike crest remain stable under the most extreme conditions.
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Key words:
- storm surge /
- dike stability /
- steel sheet pile /
- pore pressure /
- bending moment /
- engineering geology
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图 3 单双排钢板桩及应变片布置
a.单双排钢板桩加固形式; b.钢板桩应变片
Fig. 3. The structures of single-row and double-row steel sheet piles and corresponding strain gauges
图 8 单排钢板桩加固海堤破坏过程
Fig. 8. The failure process of the dike reinforced by single-row steel sheet pile
图 9 单排钢板桩海堤孔隙水压力
Fig. 9. Pore pressure in dike reinforced by single-row steel sheet pile
图 11 双排钢板桩加固海堤破坏过程
Fig. 11. The failure process of the dike reinforced by double-row steel sheet pile
图 12 双排钢板桩海堤孔隙水压力
Fig. 12. Pore pressure in dike reinforced by double-row steel sheet pile
图 13 阶段8单双排钢板桩最大弯矩
Fig. 13. The maximum bending moments of single-row and double-row steel sheet piles in stage Ⅷ
图 15 单、双排钢板桩对海堤加固机理
a.未加固海堤; b.单排钢板桩海堤; c.双排钢板桩海堤
Fig. 15. The reinforcement mechanisms of single-row and double-row steel sheet piles on dike
图 16 波高对钢板桩最大弯矩的影响
Fig. 16. The influence of the wave height on the maximum bending moment of steel sheet pile
图 17 水位对钢板桩最大弯矩的影响
Fig. 17. The influence of the water level on the maximum bending moment of steel sheet pile
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