Characteristics of Deep Hydrocarbon Source Rocks and Prediction of Effective Source Kitchen Distribution in Enping 17 Sub-Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin
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摘要: 为明晰珠江口盆地恩平17洼主力烃源岩特征和有效烃源灶分布，系统分析洼陷地质背景、烃源岩发育环境和地化特征，借助热压模拟实验分析烃源岩生烃特征，建立烃源岩TOC概率神经网络预测模型，结合烃源岩热演化模拟和有效烃源岩TOC下限判识，预测有效烃源灶分布.结果表明恩平17洼主要发育文昌组半深湖-深湖相和浅湖相两套烃源岩，半深湖-深湖相烃源岩油气产率均较高，具有“生油集中，晚期爆发式生气”特征；浅湖相烃源岩气产率相对较高，具有“宽窗持续生气，生气下限较高”的特征.有效烃源灶分布于TOC大于1.2%的区域，平面上主要分布在洼陷中心和北部近洼区，垂向上主要分布于文四段，其次为文三段和文五段，相带上以半深湖-深湖相为主，其次为浅湖相，在高热演化作用下，油气兼生，具备发育规模天然气潜力，为珠江口盆地富油洼陷寻找天然气提供资源基础.Abstract: In order to fully understand the characteristics of main source rocks and the distribution of effective source kitchen in Enping 17 sub-sag, it systematically analyzes the geological background of the depression, the development environment of hydrocarbon source rocks and the geochemical characteristics, the hydrocarbon generation characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks by means of thermal pressure simulation experiments, establishes the TOC probability neural network prediction model of hydrocarbon source rocks, and predicts the distribution of effective source kitchen in combination with the thermal evolution simulation of hydrocarbon source rocks and the identification of the TOC lower limit of effective hydrocarbon source rocks.The results indicate that the Enping 17 sub-sag mainly develops two sets of hydrocarbon source rocks, the semi deep-deep lake and shallow lake facies of the Wenchang Formation. The oil and gas production rates of the semi deep-deep lake facies are relatively high, with the characteristics of concentrated oil generation and late explosive gas generation. Shallow lacustrine mudstone has a relatively high gas production rate and is characterized by wide window continuous gas generation and a high lower limit of gas generation. The effective source kitchen of Wenchang Formation in Enping 17 sub-sag are distributed in the areas where the TOC of source rocks is greater than 1.2%, mainly distributed in the sub-sag center and the northern near sub-sag on the plane, mainly distributed in the 4th member of Wenchang Formation vertically, followed by the 3rd and 5th member of Wenchang Formation. The facies are dominated by semi deep-deep lake facies, while the shallow lake facies source rocks are another set of important source rocks in this area. Under the high thermal evolution, oil and gas are generated simultaneously in the sub-sag, which has the development of large-scale natural gas potential, provides a resource basis for searching for natural gas in oil rich sag of the Pearl River Mouth basin.
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图 1 恩平凹陷构造位置与地层综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Comprehensive stratigraphy column chart structural location of in Enping depression
图 3 恩平凹陷不同类型原油和泥岩生物标志化合物特征
C304-Mst为C304-甲基甾烷；C30H为C30藿烷；T为双杜松烷
Fig. 3. Characteristics of biomarker compounds in different types of crude oil and mudstone in Enping depression
图 4 恩平17洼文昌组烃源岩评价
a.有机质丰度分析；b.有机质类型
Fig. 4. Evaluation map of Wenchang Formation source rocks in Enping 17 sub-sag
图 5 恩平17洼文昌组烃源岩成熟度综合评价
Fig. 5. Comprehensive evaluation of maturity of Wenchang Formation source rocks in Enping 17 sub-sag
图 6 恩平17洼和番禺4洼不同类型烃源岩产烃特征
Fig. 6. Characteristics of hydrocarbon production from different types of source rocks in Enping 17 sub-sag and Panyu 4 sub-sag
图 7 文昌组烃源岩TOC测井预测
a.E1井预测结果，b.E2井预测结果
Fig. 7. Logging prediction of TOC for source rocks of Wenchang Formation
图 8 恩平17洼文昌组烃源岩TOC预测
Fig. 8. TOC prediction of Wenchang Formation source rocks in Enping 17 sub-sag
图 9 恩平17洼文昌组各三级层序烃源岩中间面现今Ro
Fig. 9. Current vitrinite reflectance map of the middle surface of the source rocks in the third order sequences of the Wenchang Formation in Enping 17 sub-sag
图 10 恩平17洼文昌组烃源岩TOC与热解参数游离烃S1和烃指数S1/TOC关系
Fig. 10. Relationship between TOC and pyrolysis parameters of S1 and S1/TOC of Wenchang Formation source rocks in Enping 17 sub-sag
表 1 恩平17洼和番禺4洼烃源岩发育古环境指标
Table 1. Paleoenvironmental indicators of hydrocarbon source rock development in Enping 17 sub-sag and Panyu 4 sub-sag
洼陷(层段) 井号 古水深 古气候 古氧相 古生产力 Mn/Fe V/Cr MgO(%) Sr/Cu Th/U V/(V+Ni) P/Ti(%) P/Al(%) 恩平17洼(恩平组) E2 $ \frac{0.8-1.3}{1.0} $ $ \frac{0.5-1.7}{1.2} $ $ \frac{1.2-1.5}{1.3} $ $ \frac{0.6-3.3}{1.8} $ $ \frac{3.0-4.2}{3.7} $ $ \frac{0.52-0.78}{0.68} $ $ \frac{5.5-10.1}{7.0} $ $ \frac{0.23-0.37}{0.30} $ 恩平17洼(上文昌) E1、E2 $ \frac{0.9-4.1}{2.4} $ $ \frac{0.4-3.0}{1.4} $ $ \frac{0.4-2.0}{1.0} $ $ \frac{0.6-10.1}{2.6} $ $ \frac{2.4-4.4}{3.6} $ $ \frac{0.65-0.93}{0.79} $ $ \frac{2.2-63.3}{22.9} $ $ \frac{0.08-1.88}{0.67} $ 番禺4洼(下文昌) P1 $ \frac{1.5-4.8}{3.3} $ $ \frac{2.1-5.2}{3.7} $ $ \frac{1.3-2.7}{1.8} $ $ \frac{1.8-11.8}{6.3} $ $ \frac{2.9-4.1}{3.5} $ $ \frac{0.83-0.90}{0.87} $ $ \frac{20.3-42.9}{28.2} $ $ \frac{0.72-1.42}{0.99} $ 注：$ \frac{\mathrm{最}\mathrm{小}\mathrm{值}-\mathrm{最}\mathrm{大}\mathrm{值}}{\mathrm{平}\mathrm{均}\mathrm{值}} $. 
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