天山北麓中生代构造特征及其对新生代变形的意义

冀冬生; 甘仁忠; 庞志超; 李静; 王心强; 李全皓

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.168

天山北麓中生代构造特征及其对新生代变形的意义

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.168

冀冬生^{1, 2,},
甘仁忠²,
庞志超²,
李静²,
王心强²,
李全皓^3, ,

1.
长江大学地球科学学院, 湖北武汉 430100
2.
中国石油新疆油田公司, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830013
3.
中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院, 山东青岛 266580

基金项目:

中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技重大专项 2023ZZ14

中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技重大专项 2021DJ2101

详细信息

作者简介:
冀冬生（1981-），男，高级工程师，从事复杂构造油气勘探研究工作.E-mail：sxytjds@petrochina.com.cn

通讯作者:
李全皓, E-mail: 2743946320@qq.com

中图分类号: P618
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-20
- 刊出日期: 2025-12-25

Mesozoic Structure and Its Impact on Cenozoic Deformation in Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain

1.
School of Earth Sciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
2.
Geophysical Institute of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of Xinjiang Oilfield Company of PetroChina, Urumqi 830013, China
3.
School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China

摘要

摘要: 天山北麓褶皱冲断带经历了多期构造运动，于晚新生代收缩作用下定型，多期叠合作用下，基底构造对后续挤压构造的影响并不明确.基于高精度三维地震和钻井资料，结合野外地质观测，研究天山北麓中生代构造特征和变形机理，以揭示中生代构造对新生代变形和油气运聚的影响和控制因素.研究认为天山北麓中生代发育走滑断层，被白垩系-新生界覆盖.中生代走滑断裂在晚新生代挤压环境下重新激活，其上覆叠加了新生代逆冲断裂和褶皱，中生代构造的重新激活对塑造天山及其天山北麓现今构造发挥了重要作用.依据构造变形期次，将准噶尔盆地南缘的沉积层划分为浅、中、深3个构造层，对应上、中、下3套油气成藏组合；其中，中、深构造层具有较大勘探潜力.揭示天山北麓深部断层与后期挤压构造的关系，明确多期构造叠合演化对油气勘探的影响，为中国西部盆地类似构造研究提供借鉴.
- 天山北麓 /
- 中生代断层 /
- 白垩纪不整合面 /
- 新生代褶皱 /
- 多期构造变形 /
- 石油地质
Abstract: The fold-thrust belt in the northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains underwent polyphase tectonic deformation, acquiring its present configuration during the Late Cenozoic contractional regime. Under multiphase superposition, the influence of basement architecture on subsequent compressive deformation remains constrained. This study investigates the Mesozoic structural characteristics and deformation mechanisms in the northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains based on seismic, drilling, and field observation data, aiming to reveal the influence and controlling factors of Mesozoic structures on Cenozoic deformation and hydrocarbon migration-accumulation. Strike-slip faults were developed in the Mesozoic in the northern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain, and were covered by the Cretaceous-Cenozoic strata. Under the Late Cenozoic compression environment, the Mesozoic strike-slip fault was reactivated, and the Cenozoic thrust fault and fold superimposed on the Mesozoic fault. The reactivation of Mesozoic structures played an important role in shaping the present structure of the northern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain. According to the deformation sequence, the sedimentary strata in the southern Junggar basin. are divided into three structural layers—shallow, intermediate, and deep. These tiers correspond to upper, middle, and lower hydrocarbon accumulation assemblages, respectively, with the intermediate and deep structural tiers demonstrating particularly significant exploration potential. In this paper it reveals the relationship between deep faults and late compressive structures in the northern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain, explains the influence of multi-stage tectonic evolution on oil and gas exploration, and has reference significance for the study of similar structures in the basins of western China.
- northern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain /
- Mesozoic fault /
- Cretaceous unconformity /
- Cenozoic anticline /
- multi-stage deformation /
- petroleum geology

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图 1 准噶尔盆地区域位置图(a)和准噶尔盆地南缘地质构造图(标注地震剖面位置) (b)

Fig. 1. Regional location map of Junggar basin (a), and geologic map of the south margin of Junggar basin in Xinjiang (blacklines indicate the location of seismic profiles) (b)

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图 2 天山北麓白垩系/侏罗系不整合面野外照片

a，b.托斯台三叠系-侏罗系褶皱被白垩系不整合覆盖（位置见图 1）；c.南安集海背斜北翼白垩系/侏罗系不整合面（位置见图 1）；d齐古背斜白垩系/侏罗系不整合面（引自位置见图 1引自He and Suppe, 2006）

Fig. 2. Field photos of Cretaceous/Jurassic unconformity at the northern piedmont of Tianshan

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图 3 天山北麓野外观测的齐古背斜剖面

Fig. 3. Qigu anticline observed in the field at the northern piedmont of Tianshan

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图 4 独山子背斜地震剖面解释方案(图例和剖面位置见图 1)

Fig. 4. The seismic interpretation section across Dushanzi anticline in the southern Junggar basin (see Fig. 1 for the legend and location of seismic line)

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图 5 高泉背斜地震剖面解释方案(图例和剖面位置见图 1)

Fig. 5. The seismic interpretation section across Gaoquan anticline in the southern Junggar basin (see Fig. 1 for the legend and location of seismic line)

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图 6 呼图壁背斜地震剖面解释方案(图例和剖面位置见图 1)

Fig. 6. The seismic interpretation section across Hutubi anticline in the southern Junggar basin (see Fig. 1 for the legend and location of seismic line)

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图 7 安集海背斜地震剖面解释方案(图例和剖面位置见图 1)

Fig. 7. The seismic interpretation section across Anjihai anticline in the southern Junggar basin (see Fig. 1 for the legend and location of seismic line)

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图 8 天山北麓重力异常特征

a.不解释断裂，b.解释断裂

Fig. 8. Gravity anomaly feature of the northern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain

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图 9 呼图壁背斜反演恢复剖面

Fig. 9. The restoration of the seismic image of Hutubi anticline

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图 10 吐谷鲁背斜地震剖面解释方案(图例和剖面位置见图 1)

Fig. 10. The seismic interpretation section across Tugulu anticline in the southern Junggar basin (see Fig. 1 for the legend and location of seismic line)

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图 11 南缘冲断带油气成藏模式

Q.第四系；N₁t.新近系塔西河组；N₁s.新近系沙湾组；E_2-3a.古近系安集海河组；E_1-2z.古近系紫泥泉子组；K₂d.白垩系东沟组；K₁l.白垩系连木沁组；K₁s.白垩系胜金口组；K₁h.白垩系呼图壁河组；K₁q.白垩系清水河组；J₃k.侏罗系喀拉扎组；J₃q.侏罗系齐古组；J₂t.侏罗系头屯河组；J₂x.侏罗系西山窑组；J₁s.侏罗系三工河组；J₁b.侏罗系八道湾组；T.三叠系；P.二叠系

Fig. 11. The hydrocarbon accumulation model of the southern thrust belt

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