Research Advances and Prospects on Fundamental Geological Issues of the East China Sea Petroliferous Basin
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摘要: 东海盆地作为东亚陆缘构造演化的关键区域，其基底属性、俯冲过程及多期构造-沉积耦合机制长期存在争议.在现有地质-地球物理资料全面分析研究基础上，结合前人的证据和认识，对东海盆地关键基础地质问题进行了系统总结和评述，并提出未来研究的思路和方向.基底归属争议聚焦于华南陆壳延伸与外来地体拼贴两种假说，地壳厚度突变与锆石同位素为后者提供新证据，但地壳演化及碰撞造山带的时空约束仍待完善；中生代俯冲过程呈现低角度俯冲-板片拆离-岩浆弧迁移等阶段性演化，早侏罗世岛弧岩浆岩的发现修正了传统平俯冲模型，但白垩纪及新生代岩浆弧位置仍缺乏海域弧岩浆岩的直接证据.这很大程度上影响了中生界盆地性质及演化的认识.新生代盆地格局北部受俯冲后撤控制，南部可能与南海扩张密切相关，但还需俯冲及南海拉张过程等关键证据的支持.中生代古地理格局模糊，新生代物源体系突变及构造-沉积响应分异显著.当前研究缺乏华南陆域-东海盆地-琉球群岛地质证据的系统对比，未来需整合深部地球物理探测、高精度年代学与数值模拟，构建“俯冲-岩浆-沉积”协同演化模型，为油气资源勘探与陆缘动力学研究提供理论支撑.Abstract: As a critical region for the tectonic evolution of the East Asian continental margin, the East China Sea basin has long been debated regarding its basement attributes, subduction processes, and multi-phase tectonic-sedimentary coupling mechanisms. Based on a comprehensive analysis of existing geological and geophysical data, combined with previous evidence and insights, in this paper it systematically summarizes and evaluates key fundamental geological issues of the East China Sea basin, proposing future research directions. The basement controversy centers on two hypotheses: the extension of the South China continental crust versus the accretion of exotic terranes. Abrupt crustal thickness variations and zircon isotopic data provide new evidence for the latter, but the spatiotemporal constraints on crustal evolution and collisional orogenic belts remain unresolved. The Mesozoic subduction process exhibits staged evolution, including low-angle subduction, slab detachment, and magmatic arc migration. The discovery of Early Jurassic island arc magmatic rocks revises the traditional flat-slab subduction model, yet direct evidence for Cretaceous and Cenozoic magmatic arc positions in offshore areas is still lacking, significantly hindering the understanding of Mesozoic basin nature and evolution. The Cenozoic basin architecture in the north is controlled by slab rollback, while the southern region may correlate closely with the South China Sea spreading, though critical evidence linking subduction and South China Sea extension processes is still needed. The Mesozoic paleogeographic framework remains ambiguous, while abrupt Cenozoic provenance shifts and differential tectonic-sedimentary responses are prominent. Current research lacks systematic comparisons of geological evidence among the South China continent, the East China Sea Basin, and the Ryukyu Islands. Future studies should integrate deep geophysical exploration, high-precision geochronology, and numerical modeling to establish a "subduction-magmatism-sedimentation" co-evolution model, providing theoretical support for hydrocarbon exploration and continental margin dynamics research.
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Key words:
- East China Sea basin /
- plate subduction /
- basin evolution /
- regional tectonics /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 东海盆地构造区划
据Zhu et al.（2019修改）.东海盆地包括东海陆架盆地及冲绳海槽盆地
Fig. 1. Tectonic division map of the East China Sea basin
图 2 东海盆地南部地球物理综合探测剖面及岩石圈地学断面(杨文达等，2010修改)
Fig. 2. Integrated geophysical profile and lithospheric cross⁃section in the southern East China Sea basin (modified from Yang et al., 2010)
图 3 东海外来块体演化模式(Fu et al., 2022)
Fig. 3. Evolutionary model of exotic terranes in the East China Sea (Fu et al., 2022)
图 5 冲绳岛构造纲要及地层分布
Fig. 5. Tectonic framework and stratigraphic distribution map of Okinawa Island
图 6 冲绳岛增生楔与象山石浦野外露头剖面照片
a.琉球群岛冲绳岛北部晚白垩世名护组泥质片岩；b. 琉球群岛冲绳岛北部晚白垩世名护组砂岩；c. 琉球群岛冲绳岛北部始新统嘉阳组砂岩；d. 琉球群岛冲绳岛北部始新统嘉阳组泥质片岩；e. 琉球群岛冲绳岛北部始新统嘉阳组砂岩、泥岩互层，泥岩变质；f. 琉球群岛冲绳岛北部始新统嘉阳组大型褶皱；g. 象山石浦早白垩世灰岩；h. 象山石浦早白垩世灰岩
Fig. 6. Field outcrop photos of the Okinawa accretionary wedge and Shipu, Xiangshan
图 7 东海盆地北部构造演化模式
据Zhu et al.（2019）；Jiang et al.（2025）修改
Fig. 7. Model of tectonic evolution in the northern East China Sea basin
表 1 东海陆架盆地钻井揭示的岩浆岩及变质岩
Table 1. Magmatic and metamorphic rocks revealed by drilling in the East China Sea Shelf basin
位置 井号 取样深度(m) 岩性 测试方法 年龄(Ma) 资料来源 福州凹陷 W1 3 022~3 032 花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 205及223 郭真等(2015) W2 凝灰岩 K-Ar体积法 70.42 杨传胜等(2012) W3 2 247~2 281 玄武岩 杨传胜等(2012) 椒江凹陷 ECS611 2 436~2 439 闪长岩 锆石U-Pb法 118.1 Xu et al.(2017) 丽水凹陷 ECS2611 4 080~4 090 花岗岩 锆石U-Pb法 181±1 Xu et al.(2017) ECS681 4 090~4 100 花岗岩 锆石U-Pb法 181±1 Xu et al.(2017) LS-1 3 318 安山岩 锆石U-Pb法 110.7±0.5 Hu et al.(2025) W4 2 941 花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 174.4 Yuan(2018) W4 2 982.61~2 983.07 花岗岩 K-Ar体积法 113 杨传胜等(2012) W5 3 312~3 326 安山岩 K-Ar体积法 75 杨传胜等(2012) W5 3 348~3 353 花岗闪长岩 K-Ar体积法 115 杨传胜等(2012) A-1 2 373.50~2 693.18 片麻岩 Rb-Sr法 1 680 杨传胜等(2012) A-2 2 489~2 809 片麻岩 Rb-Sr法 1 806 Li et al.(2000) A-3 2 496~2 980 片麻岩 锆石U-Pb 1 848±3.3 刘金水等(2020) 钱塘凹陷 W6 4 498~4 501 流纹质凝灰岩 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 107.5±3.9 杨传胜等(2012) 西湖凹陷 XH-2 3 844 安山岩 锆石U-Pb法 107.5±0.4 Hu et al.(2025) XH-3 4 632 安山岩 锆石U-Pb法 108.7±0.4 Hu et al.(2025) XH-4 4 546 凝灰岩 锆石U-Pb法 109.6±0.4 Hu et al.(2025) XH-5 4 360.0~4363.5 安山岩 锆石U-Pb法 112.4±0.3 Hu et al.(2025) XH-6 4 888 安山岩 K-Ar法 109.7±1.0 Hu et al.(2025) XH-1 3 938 花岗岩 锆石U-Pb法 106.6 Hu et al.(2025) W7 4 946.0~4 949.5 安山岩 K-Ar稀释法 98.8±2.0 杨传胜等(2012) W8 3 888.0~3 920.5 安山岩 K-Ar稀释法 56.5±1.4 杨传胜等(2012) W9 3 639.45
3 640.44~3 641.70安山岩
凝灰岩K-Ar
稀释法54.5±1.9
53.1±1.6杨传胜等(2012) W10 2 866.3~2 866.5
3109.39~3113.73安山岩
凝灰岩K-Ar
体积法42.5
45.9杨传胜等(2012) W11 1 996.96~1 998.68 凝灰岩 K-Ar
体积法14.7, 31.7 杨传胜等(2012) 注：应保密要求，文献井号进行了保密处理，需查询原文献来获得准确井号. 
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