North China Eastern Mesozoic High Mg# Diorites and Crust⁃Mantle Interaction
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摘要: 华北东部在中生代时期发生了强烈的克拉通破坏，并伴随构造-岩浆-成矿活动. 在破坏峰期，鲁西-徐淮-大别等地区广泛发育了与同期铁铜金等多种金属成矿有关的高Mg#闪长岩. 尽管岩石成因已有大量研究，但是其空间分布规律与岩石圈演化之间的联系仍缺乏系统认识.选取华北东部为研究区，系统梳理总结了高Mg#闪长岩的岩相学、时空分布规律、Sr⁃Nd⁃Pb同位素特征，构建了大区域尺度纵向空间上的联系，探讨壳幔相互作用中岩石圈的演化过程，为研究区成岩成矿作用以及空间差异性提供重要基础. 这些高Mg#闪长岩具有一致的岛弧型微量元素特征及富集的Sr⁃Nd同位素特征，表明源区存在再循环地壳物质. 而且，Sr⁃Nd⁃Pb同位素存在空间的显著变化：自南向北，闪长岩（87Sr/86Sr）i逐渐降低（0.711 7~0.704 3），εNd（t）逐渐升高（-24.90~-1.77），表明了壳源物质对岩石圈地幔改造的程度从南到北逐渐减弱的趋势，支持三叠纪时期扬子大陆板块的俯冲对华北地幔的影响. 另一方面，低（87Sr/86Sr）i闪长岩具有低的（207Pb/204Pb）i和（208Pb/204Pb）i，与华北古老变质基底相似的Pb同位素，说明源区还存在华北古老地壳物质，可能与地壳拆沉有关. 因此，高Mg#闪长岩反映出华北东部岩石圈地幔自南向北受再循环物质（扬子地壳）改造程度逐渐减弱并伴随华北地壳拆沉，以及俯冲的扬子地壳和拆沉的华北古老地壳物质对地幔性质改造的不同程度贡献. 这也为更好的理解高Mg#闪长岩的形成、演化以及矿床的种类和分布规律提供了重要基础.Abstract: Intense cratonic destruction occurred in the eastern part of the North China Craton(NCC) during the Mesozoic, accompanied by tectonic⁃magmatic⁃metallogenic activities. During the peak period of destruction, high Mg# diorites related to the coeval Fe⁃Cu⁃Au deposits were widely distributed in regions like Luxi⁃Xuhuai⁃Dabie. Although there have been many studies on the genesis of rocks, the connection between the spatial distributions of high Mg# diorites and the evolution of the lithosphere still lacks systematic understanding. This paper selects the eastern part of the NCC as the study area. It comprehensively sorts out and summarizes the petrography, temporal and spatial distribution patterns, and Sr⁃Nd⁃Pb isotopic characteristics of high Mg# diorites, establishes the vertical connection on a large regional scale, and explores the evolution process of the lithosphere in the crust⁃mantle interaction, providing an important basis for magmatic and mineralization processes as well as spatial differences. These high Mg# diorites have consistent island arc⁃like trace element characteristics and enriched Sr⁃Nd isotope compositions, indicating the existence of recycled crustal materials in the source region. Moreover, there are significant spatial variations in the Sr⁃Nd⁃Pb isotopes: from south to north, the (87Sr/86Sr)i of diorites gradually decreased (0.711 7~0.704 3), and the εNd(t) gradually increased (-24.90~-1.77), indicating a trend of decreasing influence of crustal materials on the mantle from south to north, which supports the influence of the subduction of the Yangtze continental Plate during the Triassic on the lithospheric mantle beneath the NCC. On the other hand, the low (87Sr/86Sr)i diorites have low (207Pb/204Pb)i and (208Pb/204Pb)i like those of the ancient metamorphic basement of the NCC, indicating that there are also ancient NCC crustal materials in the source, which may be related to the lower crust delamination. Therefore, the high Mg# diorites reflect that the degree of modification of the lithospheric mantle from south to north by recycled materials (Yangtze crust) gradually weakens, accompanied by the crustal delamination beneath the eastern NCC, and the relative contributions of the subducting Yangtze crust and the NCC ancient crust. This also promotes a better understanding of the formation and evolution of high Mg# diorites, as well as the types and distribution patterns of deposits.
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Key words:
- NCC /
- high-Mg# diorite /
- Mesozoic /
- crust-mantle interaction /
- mineralization
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图 1 华北克拉通东部地质图(a、b)
从北到南将华北东部依次分为鲁西北部、鲁西南部、徐淮地区和大别地区4个区域，底图修改自（Jia et al.，2016）
Fig. 1. Geological map of the eastern part of the NCC(a, b)
图 2 华北东部不同地区闪长岩侵位年龄、年龄曲线及与闪长岩有关的矿床年龄
图中a、b、c分别对应鲁西、徐淮和大别地区，N代表闪长岩岩体数量，图中不同颜色的小圆圈代表不同类型的矿床，仅列举出部分与闪长岩体有关的矿床，闪长岩岩体年龄和矿床年龄均集中在早白垩世
Fig. 2. The emplacement ages of diorite, age curves and ages of ore deposits related to diorites in different regions of eastern NCC
图 3 华北东部早白垩世辉长岩-闪长岩野外露头及显微构造特征
Fig. 3. Field outcrops and microscopic structural characteristics of gabbro⁃diorite in the Early Cretaceous in the eastern North China
图 4 华北东部早白垩世岩石分类图解
图中灰色小圆圈根据已发表的华北东部中生代闪长质岩石的主量元素数据投图，文献数据来源于（巫祥阳等，2003；许文良等，2006；Xu et al.，2006a；杨承海等，2006；资锋等，2007；Huang et al.，2008；Huang et al.，2012；Yang et al.，2012；Gu et al.，2013；Zhang et al.，2013；Jia et al.，2016；张超等，2017；霍腾飞等，2018；Lan et al.，2019；张伟强等，2022；Guo et al.，2023；Liu et al.，2023），彩色部分为本文新采集的样品，数据来源见附表，金岭岩体和铁铜沟岩体缺乏SiO2数据，作于Zr/Ti⁃Nb/Y图中
Fig. 4. Classification diagram of rocks in the eastern part of North China during the Early Cretaceous period
图 5 华北克拉通东部不同岩体高Mg#闪长岩主量元素图解
数据来源与图 4一致
Fig. 5. Major elements diagrams of high Mg# diorites from various plutons in the eastern NCC
图 6 华北东部不同地区辉长岩-闪长岩微量元素蛛网图(a)和稀土配分模式图(b)
图中阴影部分根据前人已发表的华北东部中生代闪长质岩石的微量元素数据投图，数据来源与图 4一致，图中岩体均显示出富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的岛弧型微量元素特征
Fig. 6. Chondrite⁃normalized REE patterns(a) and primitive mantle⁃normalized spider grams(b) of gabbro⁃diorite in different areas of eastern NCC
图 8 华北东部中生代辉长岩-闪长岩SiO2⁃(87Sr/86Sr)i与SiO2⁃εNd(t)图解
图中数据是根据前人已经发表的华北东部中生代闪长质岩石的主量、微量元素数据投图，数据来源于（巫祥阳等，2003；Xu et al.，2006a；Huang et al.，2012；Yang et al.，2012；Gu et al.，2013；宁培松等，2013；霍腾飞等，2018；Lan et al.，2019；高明波等，2022；张伟强等，2022；Guo et al.，2023，2024），图例与图 9一致
Fig. 8. Diagram of SiO2⁃(87Sr/86Sr)i and SiO2⁃εNd(t) of Mesozoic gabbros and diorites in eastern North China
图 10 华北东部中生代闪长岩初始Pb同位素组成图解
底图修改自Yang et al.（2012）；图中数据来源于Xu et al.（2004a，2004b）；Zhang et al.（2004）；Liu et al.（2006）；杨承海等（2008）；杨德彬等（2008）；王永等（2011）；Yang et al.（2012）；宁培松等（2013）；Wang et al.（2018）；Lan et al.（2019）；高明波等（2022）；Wu et al.（2023），图例与图 9一致
Fig. 10. Initial Pb isotopic composition diagram of Mesozoic diorites in eastern North China
图 11 华北东部不同地区早白垩世高Mg#闪长岩的Sr/Y⁃Y，Mg#⁃(Dy/Yb)N图解
图中数据是根据前人已经发表的华北东部中生代闪长质岩石的主量、微量元素数据投图，数据来源与图 4一致，MORB数据来源于Jenner and O'Neill（2012），大部分样品点均落在埃达克岩范围内，金岭岩体和铁铜沟岩体初始岩浆（Dy/Yb）N明显高于MORB值，表明岩浆源区含有石榴石. 金岭岩体的演化趋势表明岩浆演化过程中存在石榴石结晶
Fig. 11. Sr/Y⁃Y and Mg#⁃(Dy/Yb)N diagram of Mesozoic high Mg# diorites in different regions of eastern NCC
图 12 华北东部不同地区早白垩世中基性岩Sr⁃Nd同位素分布图
图中绿色部分为苏鲁-大别造山带的范围，中生代时期苏鲁造山带沿郯庐断裂带左行走滑约500 km到达现今位置，红色虚线为郯庐断裂带位置，两侧为走滑方向，图中岩体旁括号内数字分别代表（87Sr/86Sr）t和εNd（t）值，填图数据来源于Xu et al.（2006a）；Zhao et al.（2011）；霍腾飞等（2018）；Wang et al.（2020）及其所引的文献
Fig. 12. Sr⁃Nd isotopic distribution of intermediate basaltic rocks in different regions of eastern North China during the Early Cretaceous
表 1 华北克拉通东部矿床类型及相关岩体
Table 1. Types of deposits and related rock bodies in the eastern part of the NCC
区域 地区 岩体 岩性 侵位年龄(Ma) 矿床
类型文献 鲁西 淄博 金岭 黑云母闪长岩 130±1 Fe 张超等(2017) 淄博 金岭 黑云母闪长岩 126±1.5 Fe Jin et al.(2015) 淄博 金岭 辉长闪长岩 131.6±0.8 Fe Lan et al.(2019) 莱芜 矿山 辉石闪长岩 131±1 Fe 高明波等(2022) 沂南 铜井 闪长岩 129±1 Au-Cu 王永等(2011) 平邑 铜石 闪长岩 165±6 Au-Cu 郭谱(2014) 徐淮 徐淮 利国 闪长岩 131.4±1.5 Fe-Cu-Au Zhang et al.(2017) 徐淮 班井 闪长岩 127±1 Cu-Au Xu et al.（2009) 大别 安徽 刘家洼 闪长岩 127.3±2 / Zhang et al.(2013) 安徽 赤土岭 闪长岩 131±3 / Huang et al.(2008) 沙溪 闪长岩 128.3±1.5 Cu 岳娜等(2020) 宁镇 冶山 闪长岩 127.7±1.0 Fe-B 郭泳杰(2019) 
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表 2 两端元混合模拟使用的参数表
Table 2. Parameter table for mixed simulation of two end elements
端元 87Sr/86Sr Sr(μg/g) εNd Nd(μg/g) 参考文献 岩石圈地幔 0.705 5 20 -5 1 Xu et al. (2004a) 华北下地壳 0.705 0 1 250 -30 60 Huang et al. (2012) 扬子下地壳 0.711 0 300 -30 20 Jahn et al. (1999)
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