Research on Coupling Effects and Collaborative Control of Dewatering in Metro Deep Foundation Pits Adjacent to High-Speed Railways
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摘要: 针对地铁深基坑降水对邻近高铁桥梁桩基变形与安全运营的影响，开展渗流-应力耦合作用下的桩-土相互作用机理研究，并提出有效的协同控制措施.通过现场预降水试验，监测不同降深条件下桥桩周边地下水位、地表沉降变化；运用Abaqus进行数值模拟，建立渗流-应力耦合模型，分析不同降水深度对桩基侧摩阻力、中性点位置的影响，并与现场实验数据对比总结变化规律.随着降水深度增加，渗流场扰动区逐渐扩展至桩基，并在桩基附近形成绕桩渗流的模式；桩基变形呈非线性增长，降深超过10 m后沉降变形与横向变形显著加大；桩身上部负摩阻力增大，中性点下移，桩底正摩阻力增强.地铁深基坑近接高铁降水时桥桩变形受降水深度影响较大，可采用多级降水、止水帷幕、实时水位监测与回灌等协同控制措施，控制桥桩变形，保障高铁运营安全.Abstract: Aiming at the impact of dewatering in metro deep foundation pits on the deformation and safe operation of adjacent high-speed railway bridge piles, this study investigates the mechanism of pile-soil interaction under seepage-stress coupling effects and proposes effective collaborative control measures. Through field pre-dewatering tests, variations in groundwater levels and surface settlement around bridge piles under different drawdown conditions were monitored. Using Abaqus for numerical simulation, a seepage-stress coupling model was established to analyze the influence of different dewatering depths on the lateral friction resistance and neutral point position of pile foundations, with comparative analysis against field data to summarize variation patterns.As the dewatering depth increases, the disturbed seepage field gradually extends toward the pile foundation, forming a seepage flow pattern around the piles. The deformation of the pile foundation exhibits nonlinear growth, with significant increases in settlement and lateral deformation observed after exceeding a 10 m drawdown. Negative skin friction in the upper part of the pile increases, the neutral point shifts downward, and positive skin friction at the pile base enhances.The deformation of bridge piles adjacent to metro deep foundation pits during dewatering is considerably influenced by the dewatering depth. Collaborative control measures such as multi-stage dewatering, waterproof curtains, real-time water level monitoring, and recharge can be adopted to mitigate pile deformation and ensure the operational safety of high-speed railways.
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图 4 不同降深引起观测井水位变化
Fig. 4. Changes in water level in observation wells caused by different depths
图 5 不同降深引起周边地表沉降变化分析
Fig. 5. Analysis of changes in surrounding surface subsidence caused by different depths
图 7 不同降深引起桩基及周边土体的位移云图(单位：mm)
Fig. 7. Cloud map of displacement of pile foundation and surrounding soil caused by different depths
图 8 不同降深引起桥桩沉降云图(单位：mm)
Fig. 8. Settlement displacement nephograms of pile foundation induced by different drawdown depths
图 9 不同降深引起桩基横向位移云图(单位：mm)
Fig. 9. Cloud map of lateral displacement of pile foundation caused by different depths
图 10 不同降深引起侧摩阻力变化
Fig. 10. Changes in lateral friction caused by different depth reductions
图 11 胡庄站邻近高铁桥墩竖向位移监测结果
Fig. 11. Monitoring results of vertical displacement of high-speed railway bridge piers near Huzhuang Station
表 1 土层的物理力学特性
Table 1. Physical and mechanical feature of soil layers
部件名称 埋深
(m)密度
(g/cm³)压缩模量
(MPa)渗透系数
(m/d)黏聚力
(kPa)内摩擦角
(°)①1杂填土 3.5 1.70 8.1 / 10 15.5 ②31黏质粉土 6.8 1.82 7.7 0.6 10.5 22 ③22粉质黏土 5 1.83 4.2 0.05 19.5 11 ③31D细砂 16 1.92 22 14 2 28 ③23黏质粉土 17 1.88 13.3 0.5 13.5 23.5 
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