深海钻探技术现状及发展动态

宁波; 沙志彬; 李晶; 宋刚; 陈云龙; 金雪梅

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.202

深海钻探技术现状及发展动态

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.202

宁波^1, ,,
沙志彬^1, ,,
李晶¹,
宋刚²,
陈云龙³,
金雪梅¹

1.
中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局, 广东广州 511458
2.
中国地质科学院勘探技术研究所, 河北廊坊 065000
3.
北京探矿工程研究所, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目“深海钻井泥浆回收安全应急关键装备研发” 2023YFC2813101

中国地质调查局“天然气水合物钻探技术支撑” DD20230066

“深海科学与工程技术试验” DD20242659

详细信息

作者简介:
宁波（1985-），男，高级工程师，研究方向为深海钻探与海洋能源，ORCID：0000-0002-1982-7257.E-mail：15022401058@139.com

通讯作者:
沙志彬，E-mail：shazb2008@163.com

中图分类号: P744
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- 文章访问数: 426
- HTML全文浏览量: 37
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-11-23
- 刊出日期: 2026-08-25

The Development Status and Development Trends of Deep-Sea Drilling Technology

Ning Bo^{1
,
,},
Sha Zhibin^{1
, ,},
Li Jing¹,
Song Gang²,
Chen Yunlong³,
Jin Xuemei¹

1.
Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Guangzhou 511458, China
2.
Institute of Exploration Techniques, CAGS, Langfang 065000, China
3.
Beijing Institute of Exploration Engineering, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 在过去六十年，通过一系列深海钻探计划的实施，使我们对地球和海洋的认识取得了显著进步. 通过回顾深海钻探技术的发展和演化历程，探讨了动力定位、钻柱升沉补偿、钻孔重返、深水条件的泥浆循环以及各类型岩心采集等关键技术对深海钻探的支撑作用，结合我国在深海钻探技术攻关方面的战略部署，对在钻探试验航次中的使用情况以及在此过程中获得的科学经验和教训进行总结，同时基于“梦想”号大洋钻探船，提出了人工智能辅助、深海耐高温高压材料、高精度探测及高速通讯的深海钻探技术的重点发展方向，旨在为后续深海钻探技术研究和应用提供参考依据.
- 深海钻探 /
- 钻孔重返 /
- 升沉补偿 /
- 泥浆循环 /
- 取芯系统 /
- 钻探船
Abstract: Over the past 60 years, the implementation of a series of deep-sea drilling programs has yielded remarkable advancements in our understanding of the Earth and oceans. This paper reviews the evolution of deep-sea drilling technology, examining key techniques such as dynamic positioning, heave compensation for drill strings, borehole re-entry, mud circulation systems under deep-water conditions, and various rock coring methods. Aligning with China's strategic initiatives to tackle deep-sea drilling challenges, the paper summarizes the application of these technologies during trial voyages and the scientific insights gained.Drawing upon the "Mengxiang" ocean drilling vessel, key development areas have been identified for deep-sea drilling technology, encompassing AI-assisted operations, materials resistant to high temperatures and pressures in the deep sea, high-precision detection, and high-speed communication, offering a valuable reference for future research and application in deep-sea drilling technology.
- deep-sea drilling /
- borehole return /
- heave compensation /
- mud circulation /
- coring system /
- drilling vessels

HTML全文

图 1 几种泥浆循环形式(拓守廷等, 2016)

Fig. 1. Several forms of mud circulation(Tuo et al., 2016)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 水下电视系统(宋刚等, 2022)

Fig. 2. Underwater TV (Song et al., 2022)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 400 m级无隔水管泥浆回收系统(熊亮等, 2025)

Fig. 3. 400 m level riser-less mud recovery system(Xiong et al., 2025)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 历届大洋钻探主要成果(International Ocean Discovery Program, 2025c)

Table 1. Major achievements of previous ocean drilling projects (International Ocean Discovery Program, 2025c)

计划名称	执行时间	调查船	调查船国家	航次数	钻井数（口）	岩心长度（m）
深海钻探计划	1968—1983	挑战者号	美国	96	1 053	97 056
大洋钻探计划	1985—2003	决心号	美国	111	1 797	222 704
综合大洋钻探计划	2003—2013	决心号	美国	35	439	57 289
		地球号	日本	14	95	4 886
		特定任务平台	欧盟	5	115	4 131
国际大洋发现计划	2013至今	决心号	美国	46	599	93 294
		地球号	日本	5	34	1 820
		特定任务平台	欧盟	5	115	3 801
合计				317	4 247	484 981
注：数据截止日期2025年1月.

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表 2 不同地层取芯钻具与适用地层

Table 2. Core drilling tools for different geological formations and applicable formations

名称	代号	适应地层
高级活塞取芯钻具	APC	软泥岩
伸缩式超前取芯钻具	XCB	砂岩和软硬交变地层
回转取芯钻具	RCB	硬岩层
保压取芯钻具	PCB	水合物等

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表 3 主要大洋钻探船技术参数对比

Table 3. Comparison of technical parameters of major ocean drilling ships

关键参数	决心号	地球号	“梦想”号
总长(m)	143	210	179.8
型宽(m)	21	38	32.8
吨位(t)	9 000	57 500	42 600
最大作业水深(m)	5 965	2 500，隔水管模式	11 000
最大作业水深(m)	5 965	7 000，无隔水管模式
最大钻探深度(m)	2 115	立管模式：3 600
泥线以下	2 115	无立管模式：7 000
井架高度(m)	62	70	70
动力定位	DP-1	DP-2	DP-3
钻探特点	无隔水管钻探	隔水管钻探	无隔水管+隔水管钻探

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