Large Deformation Analysis of 3D Soil-Rock Mixture Slopes Using SPH-DEM Method
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摘要:
自然界中的大多数边坡由土体与块石混合构成，一旦发生大变形破坏，可能严重威胁周围人民生命安全及基础设施建设运维.针对土石混合体边坡研究中存在的精细化建模及块石与土体耦合计算难题，建立了一种三维土石混合体边坡高保真建模技术，并提出了基于SPH-DEM耦合的三维土石混合体边坡大变形模拟方法，进一步分析了块石对边坡大变形冲击过程的影响，并预测了青海省浪加滑坡体再次滑动后冲击大坝附属建筑物动力过程，结果表明：块石含量和位置分布显著影响滑坡冲击过程，块石含量越高，冲击力时程曲线的差异性越显著，若块石与建筑物直接碰撞，峰值冲击力较不考虑块石时提高约30%.浪加滑坡再次滑动后前缘最大运动距离达108 m，启闭房、施工营地所受峰值冲击力分别高达自身重力的20倍和4倍，极易被滑坡体冲毁.该研究成果可为土石混合体滑坡的灾害预测和危险性分析提供参考依据.
Abstract:Most natural slopes are composed of soil-rock mixtures, whose large deformation and failure pose severe threats to human safety and infrastructure. To overcome the challenges in high-fidelity modeling and coupled soil-rock mixture interaction analysis, this study develops a high-fidelity 3D modeling technique for soil-rock mixture slopes and proposes an SPH-DEM coupling method to simulate the large deformations. It further analyzes the impact of boulders on the deformation and failure process of the slope and predict the variation of the impact on dam appurtenant structures after the reactivation of the Langjia landslide in Qinghai Province. The results reveal that boulders within the landslide body significantly increasing the landslide velocity, and the content and position of the boulders affect the impact process. Higher boulder content leads to a more pronounced difference in the impact force time-history curve. When boulders collide directly with buildings, the peak impact force increases by about 30% compared to scenarios without boulders. After reactivation, the maximum movement distance of the front edge of the Langjia landslide in Qinghai Province reaches 108 m, with peak impact forces on the intake and construction camp structures reaching 20 times and 4 times their own weight, respectively, making them highly vulnerable to destruction by the landslide. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for disaster prediction and risk analysis of soil-rock mixture landslides.
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Key words:
- soil-rock mixture slope /
- large deformation /
- refined modeling /
- impact process /
- SPH-DEM method /
- engineering geology
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图 1 采用扫描仪建立的块石几何轮廓及实体模型
Fig. 1. Geometric profile and solid model of block stone established using scanner
图 6 块石含量为0%的土石混合体边坡运动过程
Fig. 6. Motion process of soil-rock mixture slope with 0% block content
图 7 块石含量为15%的土石混合体边坡运动过程
Fig. 7. Motion process of soil-rock mixture slope with 15% block content
图 10 土石混合体边坡大变形峰值冲击力箱型图
Fig. 10. Box plot of the peak impact force of soil-rock mixture landslide
图 11 土石混合体边坡中块石运动过程（俯视图）
Fig. 11. Movement process of the rocks in the soil-rock mixture slope (top view)
图 12 滑坡体与周围建筑物布置及数值模型
Fig. 12. Layout of the landslide, buildings, and the corresponding numerical model
表 1 块石相关参数
Table 1. Relevant parameters of block stones
序号 块石密度（kg/m3） 块石体积（m3） 1 2 714.27 2.01 2 2 768.21 1.79 3 2 818.20 1.67 4 2 781.98 1.42 5 2 725.37 1.96 6 2 751.22 2.01 7 2 780.48 1.88 8 2 809.44 1.98 9 2 786.14 2.00 10 2 727.79 1.69 11 2 702.48 1.60 12 2 696.91 1.63 13 2 776.73 1.74 14 2 704.51 1.80 15 2 768.69 1.92 16 2 696.17 2.06 17 2 742.33 2.31 18 2 786.14 2.00 
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表 2 土体、块石及房屋建筑物材料参数
Table 2. Material parameters for soil, rocks and building
材料 参数 数值 土体 密度（kg/m3） 2 000 弹性模量(MPa) 10 泊松比 0.3 峰值粘聚力(Pa) 10 000 残余粘聚力(Pa) 0 粘聚力软化系数 5 峰值摩擦角(°) 21.3 残余摩擦角(°) 21.3 摩擦角软化系数 0 块石 密度(kg/m3) 2 731.7 弹性模量(GPa) 30 泊松比 0.3 碰撞恢复系数 0.5 动摩擦系数 0.35 建筑物 密度(kg/m3) 2 400 弹性模量(GPa) 10 泊松比 0.3 碰撞恢复系数 0.50 动摩擦系数 0.35
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表 3 滑坡体中随机块石数据
Table 3. Data of random block stones in landslides
工况 含量(%) 小粒径块石 大粒径块石 实际含量(%) 个数 总体积(m3) 个数 总体积(m3) 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 14 25 191.07 8 117 684.14 5.010 3 10 18 33 483.09 17 251 832.58 10.005
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表 4 数值模拟中滑坡体材料参数
Table 4. Material parameters of the landslide for the numerical simulation
参数 取值 密度(kg/m3) 2 100 弹性模量(MPa) 50 泊松比 0.3 峰值粘聚力(Pa) 7 500 残余粘聚力(Pa) 3 750 粘聚力软化系数 5 峰值摩擦角(°) 16.09 残余摩擦角(°) 16.09 摩擦角软化系数 0 剪胀角(°) 0
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