Pore Characteristics and Coalbed Gas Reservoir Formation Characteristics of Coal Reservoir of No.8 Coal Seam in Well Suide 1H, Ordos Basin
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摘要: 绥德地区深部煤岩气目前处于勘探初期，明晰其煤岩气成藏和富集规律对该地区深部煤岩气的高效开发意义重大.以绥德1H井8#煤为研究对象，应用有机岩石学及岩石物理学相关手段，分析并讨论其与邻区储层差异、沉积环境、孔隙结构的主控因素以及煤岩气的赋存特征.结果表明：研究区煤储层沼泽类型主要为湿地森林沼泽和开阔水域沼泽；孔隙主要以微孔为主，灰分含量是煤储层微孔的主控因素；本溪组8#煤储层含气量较高，解吸气是总含气量的主要组成部分；研究区煤储层煤质较好，含气量高，构造平缓，沉积较连续，有利于煤岩气的富集和成藏.明确绥德1H井本溪组8#煤的储层特征与成藏特征，对于深部煤储层的勘探开发具有一定的借鉴意义.Abstract: At present, the deep coalbed gas resources in the Suide area are at the early stage of exploration. Clarifying the accumulation and enrichment mechanisms of coalbed gas in this region is therefore of great significance for the efficient development of deep coalbed gas. This study focuses on the No. 8 coal seam of the Benxi Formation from Well Suide 1H. Using organic petrology and rock physics approaches, the differences in reservoir properties between this well and adjacent areas, as well as the controlling factors of depositional environment, pore structure, and gas occurrence characteristics, were systematically analyzed and discussed. The results show that: (1) the coal-forming peat in the study area was mainly derived from wet-forest and open-water marshes; (2) micropores are the dominant pore type, and ash content is the primary controlling factor for micropore development in the coal reservoirs; (3) the No. 8 coal seam of the Benxi Formation exhibits a relatively high gas content, with desorbed gas accounting for the major component of the total gas content; (4) the coal reservoirs in the study area are characterized by high-quality coal, high gas content, gentle structure, and continuous deposition, which together favor coalbed gas enrichment and accumulation. This study clarifies the reservoir and accumulation characteristics of the No. 8 coal seam from Well Suide 1H and provides valuable insights for the exploration and development of deep coal reservoirs.
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图 2 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤样照片及宏观煤岩结构
Fig. 2. Photograph and macroscopic coal structure of No.8 coal sample from the Benxi Formation of Suide 1H Well
图 3 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤岩储层显微组分特征
a. T代表结构镜质体，细胞腔显示清楚，多为圆形或椭圆形，大多被挤压而变形；b. TC代表均质镜质体，不显示细胞结构，为完全均一的物质，多呈浅灰色；c. CC代表团块镜质体，为团块状，多呈椭圆形和纺锤形，成群出现于均质体或基质体中；d. DC代表基质镜质体，呈现为均一或不均一的致密状态，其上多见矿物颗粒，没有固定形态.e. VD代表碎屑镜质体，不具有具体的形态，由各类镜质体的碎屑组成；f. ID代表碎屑惰质体，为半丝质体和丝质体的碎屑，无细胞结构，无定形，有微突起；g. Sf代表半丝质体，白色，有微突起，常出现在均质镜质体上；h. F代表丝质体，保存着完好的细胞结构，高突起，细胞腔常被黄铁矿填充
Fig. 3. Microscopic composition characteristics of coal in Benxi Formation No.8 coal reservoir of Suide 1H Well
图 4 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤岩储层核磁共振T2谱图
a. 8-2-1样品；b. 8-2-3样品；c. 8-2-4样品；d. 8-2-7样品；e. 8-3-2样品；f. 8-4-1样品
Fig. 4. Nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum of coal in Benxi Formation No.8 coal reservoir of Suide 1H Well
图 6 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤岩储层孔隙特征分析
a. 低温氮气吸附曲线；b. 低压二氧化碳吸附曲线；c. 低温氮气吸附实验孔比表面积和孔体积随孔径变化；d. 低压二氧化碳实验比表面积和孔体积随孔径变化
Fig. 6. Analysis of coal pore characteristics in Benxi Formation No.8 coal reservoir of Suide 1H Well
图 7 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤储层含气量(m3/t)随深度变化
Fig. 7. Change in gas content (m3/t) with depth in Benxi Formation No.8 coal reservoir of Suide 1H well
图 8 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤储层TPI-GI煤相图
Fig. 8. TPI-GI coal phase diagram of Benxi Formation No.8 coal reservoir in Suide 1H Well
图 9 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤储层煤相参数分析
Fig. 9. Coal phase parameter analysis of Benxi Formation No.8 coal reservoir in Suide 1H Well
图 10 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤有机岩石及孔隙特征
Fig. 10. Organic petrological and pore characteristics of Benxi Formation No.8 coal in Suide 1H Well
图 11 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤镜质组、灰分与孔体积关系
Fig. 11. Relationship between vitrinite, ash content and pore volume of Benxi Formation No.8 coal in Suide 1H Well
图 12 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤镜质组、灰分与孔比表面积关系
Fig. 12. Relationship between vitrinite, ash content and pore specific surface area of Benxi Formation No.8 coal in Suide 1H Well
图 13 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤含气量分布
Fig. 13. Gas content distribution of No.8 coal in Benxi Formation of Suide 1H Well
图 14 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤微孔占比和灰分含量与总含气量和解吸气量关系
Fig. 14. Relationship between the proportion of micropores, ash content, total gas content, and desorption gas content of No.8 coal in Benxi Formation of Suide 1H Well
表 1 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤岩工业分析
Table 1. Industrial analysis of No.8 coal in the Benxi Formation of the Suide 1H Well
样品 深度(m) Mad(%) Ad(%) Vdaf(%) FCdaf(%) Ro (%) TOC(%) St, d(%) 8-1-1 2 353.30 0.64 7.98 8.70 91.30 2.00 34.73 2.95 8-2-1 2 355.31 0.80 8.57 8.42 91.58 2.15 33.36 2.73 8-2-2 2 355.66 0.82 3.23 8.02 91.98 1.95 32.72 2.78 8-2-3 2 356.04 0.92 2.35 8.37 91.63 2.07 35.52 3.40 8-2-4 2 356.41 0.80 3.41 8.56 91.44 2.02 34.13 2.87 8-2-5 2 356.78 0.70 2.96 8.32 91.68 2.09 35.76 3.09 8-2-6 2 357.15 0.84 4.74 10.16 89.84 2.03 34.33 3.43 8-2-7 2 357.53 1.00 2.42 8.01 91.99 2.21 33.43 3.03 8-2-8 2 357.89 0.95 4.67 8.84 91.16 2.25 32.79 2.45 8-3-1 2 358.20 0.86 4.98 8.21 91.79 2.14 32.07 3.63 8-3-2 2 358.47 0.75 3.72 8.06 91.94 2.04 34.53 2.74 8-4-1 2 359.20 0.75 14.20 10.27 89.73 1.99 33.66 4.40 8-4-2 2 359.50 1.01 8.08 8.67 91.33 2.17 34.49 2.50 8-4-3 2 359.87 0.79 13.51 9.39 90.61 2.34 30.53 1.93 注：Mad. 水分（空气干燥基）；Ad. 灰分（干燥基）；Vdaf. 挥发分（干燥无灰基）；FCdaf. 固定碳（干燥无灰基）；Ro. 镜质体反射率（平均）；TOC. 有机碳含量；St, d. 全硫（干燥基）. 
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表 2 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤岩储层显微组分分析（无矿物质基）
Table 2. Microscopic component analysis of No.8 coal reservoir in Benxi Formation of Suide 1H Well (no mineral content)
样品 镜质组(%) 惰质组(%) T TC CC DC VD 合计 F Sf ID Ma 合计 8-1-1 17.97 17.51 0.77 15.21 1.23 52.69 7.22 22.43 17.67 - 47.31 8-2-1 11.38 19.76 - 28.94 3.99 64.07 4.19 10.98 20.76 - 35.93 8-2-2 16.05 23.79 1.74 20.70 2.51 64.80 2.71 18.38 14.12 - 35.20 8-2-3 11.32 42.59 - 20.78 4.32 79.01 0.21 10.08 10.70 - 20.99 8-2-4 6.51 43.49 0.57 28.74 6.51 85.82 1.72 6.51 5.94 0.19 14.18 8-2-5 3.45 31.09 1.34 14.98 24.95 75.81 - 4.61 19.58 - 24.19 8-2-6 1.99 38.12 2.39 19.56 18.98 81.04 - 6.19 12.77 - 18.96 8-2-7 8.28 43.52 2.12 21.66 5.94 81.53 0.85 7.86 9.77 - 18.47 8-2-8 0.98 49.42 0.98 17.39 15.04 83.81 0.19 3.36 12.64 - 16.19 8-3-1 17.01 27.41 2.46 18.15 18.33 83.36 0.18 4.17 12.29 - 16.64 8-3-2 24.74 22.47 0.21 20.41 6.80 74.64 1.03 11.34 12.99 - 25.36 8-4-1 12.97 29.58 1.34 24.62 14.69 83.20 0.57 3.25 12.98 - 16.80 8-4-2 17.88 20.04 3.94 8.25 16.69 66.80 - 11.39 21.81 - 33.20 8-4-3 11.18 21.34 1.02 22.97 24.80 81.30 0.41 3.86 14.43 - 18.70 注：T. 结构镜质体；TC. 均质镜质体；CC. 团块镜质体；DC. 基质镜质体；VD. 碎屑镜质体；F. 丝质体；Sf. 半丝质体；ID. 碎屑惰质体；Ma. 粗粒体.
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表 3 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤岩储层核磁共振谱图分析
Table 3. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of coal in Benxi Formation 8 # coal reservoir of Suide 1H Well
样品 表面弛豫率
(μm/s)孔隙体积占比(%) 微孔 中孔 大孔 8-2-1 0.710 9 78.18 7.24 14.57 8-2-3 0.747 8 78.70 3.52 17.77 8-2-4 0.753 8 52.52 11.25 36.23 8-2-7 0.658 3 86.73 3.10 10.17 8-3-2 0.647 4 72.56 9.81 17.63 8-4-1 0.880 5 82.47 5.78 11.75
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表 4 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤岩储层孔比表面积分析
Table 4. Analysis of coal pore specific surface area in Benxi Formation No.8 coal reservoir of Suide 1H Well
样品 孔比表面积(m2/g) 孔比表面积贡献率(%) 微孔 中孔 大孔 微孔 中孔 大孔 8-1-1 152.060 0.578 0.052 99.59 0.38 0.03 8-2-1 152.160 1.976 0.084 98.66 1.28 0.06 8-2-2 162.830 0.717 0.033 99.54 0.44 0.02 8-2-3 166.200 0.967 0.061 99.39 0.58 0.04 8-2-4 155.246 1.271 0.059 99.15 0.81 0.04 8-2-5 160.886 0.248 0.038 99.82 0.15 0.02 8-2-6 154.130 0.231 0.023 99.84 0.15 0.02 8-2-7 163.770 0.547 0.037 99.64 0.33 0.02 8-2-8 152.980 0.449 0.035 99.68 0.29 0.02 8-3-1 156.310 0.547 0.045 99.62 0.35 0.03 8-3-2 165.590 1.898 0.073 98.82 1.13 0.04 8-4-1 135.780 0.655 0.046 99.49 0.48 0.03 8-4-2 157.360 1.634 0.046 98.94 1.03 0.03 8-4-3 136.580 0.382 0.032 99.70 0.28 0.02
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表 5 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤岩储层孔体积分析
Table 5. Coal pore volume analysis of Benxi Formation No.8 coal reservoir in Suide 1H Well
样品 孔体积(10-2 cm3/g) 孔体积贡献率(%) 微孔 中孔 大孔 微孔 中孔 大孔 8-1-1 3.40 0.19 0.15 90.78 5.10 4.12 8-2-1 3.40 0.44 0.25 83.25 10.74 6.00 8-2-2 3.70 0.18 0.10 92.99 4.49 2.52 8-2-3 3.60 0.27 0.19 88.79 6.61 4.60 8-2-4 3.37 0.30 0.18 87.66 7.78 4.56 8-2-5 3.33 0.12 0.12 93.28 3.49 3.23 8-2-6 3.30 0.10 0.07 95.11 2.80 2.08 8-2-7 3.40 0.17 0.11 92.30 4.64 3.06 8-2-8 3.20 0.16 0.11 92.36 4.51 3.12 8-3-1 3.20 0.18 0.14 90.87 5.25 3.88 8-3-2 3.70 0.39 0.21 85.99 9.07 4.94 8-4-1 2.90 0.19 0.14 89.76 6.03 4.21 8-4-2 3.80 0.29 0.14 89.84 6.88 3.28 8-4-3 3.00 0.13 0.10 92.85 4.08 3.08
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表 6 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤储层含气量（m3/t）分析
Table 6. Gas content (m3/t) analysis of No.8 coal reservoir in Benxi Formation of Suide 1H Well
样品 保压气（Q0） 损失气（Q1） 解吸气（Q2） 残余气（Q3） 总含气量 8-1-1 0.00 4.88 22.03 0.54 27.45 8-2-1 0.91 6.83 20.84 0.59 29.17 8-2-2 0.87 5.24 21.16 0.69 27.96 8-2-3 0.84 7.15 18.39 0.48 26.86 8-2-4 0.84 4.56 21.04 0.32 26.76 8-2-5 0.86 6.54 19.91 0.23 27.54 8-2-6 0.80 3.39 21.05 0.38 25.62 8-2-7 0.84 6.02 19.65 0.53 27.04 8-2-8 0.85 5.91 20.06 0.48 27.30 8-3-1 0.00 0.98 7.52 0.06 8.56 8-3-2 0.00 2.70 20.33 0.17 23.20 8-4-1 1.19 2.39 22.08 0.31 25.97 8-4-2 1.11 1.38 21.56 0.24 24.29 8-4-3 0.56 0.54 10.76 0.35 12.21
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表 7 绥德地区与邻区煤储层特征对比
Table 7. Comparison of coal reservoir characteristics between Suide area and nearby areas
地区 煤储层 深度(m) 镜质组(%) 惰质组(%) Ro, max(%) 含气量(m3/t) 绥德地区 本溪组8#煤 2 353~2 360 75.56 24.44 2.34 8.56~29.17 榆林地区 本溪组8#煤 2 500~3 200 66.96 24.26 1.77 15.40~23.63 大宁‒吉县地区 太原组8#煤 1 888~2 277 82.20 11.60 2.15 23.67~37.64 延川南地区 山西组2#煤 1 500~1 800 72.00 18.00 2.35 8~22 保德区块 太原组8和9#煤 1 000~1 200 69.00 22.00 1.11 0~12 神府南区 太原组8和9#煤 2 000 75.32 24.67 1.40 7.94~21.13 临兴东区 本溪组8和9#煤 1 800~2 200 70.18 20.77 1.87 11.28~22.44 注：数据来源：李清, 2014; 李可心, 2020; 刘迈杰, 2021; 姚红生等, 2022; 唐淑玲等, 2023; 周龙刚, 2023; 王成旺等, 2024; 赵伟波等, 2024b
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表 8 绥德1H井本溪组8#煤储层煤相参数统计（无矿物质基）
Table 8. Statistics of coal phase parameters of Benxi Formation No.8 coal reservoir in Suide 1H Well (no mineral content)
样品 镜质组(%) 惰质组(%) GI TPI GWI V/I F/M OI 8-1-1 52.69 47.31 1.11 1.87 1.04 1.11 1.91 0.21 8-2-1 64.07 35.93 1.78 0.86 2.16 1.78 0.86 0.26 8-2-2 64.80 35.20 1.84 1.56 1.30 1.84 1.63 0.16 8-2-3 79.01 20.99 3.76 1.79 1.40 3.76 1.79 0.12 8-2-4 85.82 14.18 6.05 1.39 2.38 6.05 1.41 0.07 8-2-5 75.81 24.19 3.13 0.64 0.63 3.13 0.66 0.24 8-2-6 81.04 18.96 4.27 0.86 1.16 4.27 0.90 0.15 8-2-7 81.53 18.47 4.41 1.53 1.76 4.41 1.62 0.11 8-2-8 83.81 16.19 5.18 1.17 1.29 5.18 1.20 0.14 8-3-1 83.36 16.64 5.01 0.95 0.65 5.01 1.00 0.14 8-3-2 74.64 25.36 2.94 1.47 0.71 2.94 1.48 0.15 8-4-1 83.20 16.80 4.95 0.86 1.01 4.95 0.89 0.15 8-4-2 66.80 33.20 2.01 0.97 0.47 2.01 1.05 0.28 8-4-3 81.30 18.70 4.35 0.58 0.85 4.35 0.59 0.17 注：GI.凝胶化指数；TPI.结构保存指数；GWI.地下水指数；V/I.镜惰比；F/M.骨基比；OI.氧化指数.
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