Long-Term and Seasonal Variations of Glacier Velocity in Zelongnong, Southeast Tibet
-
摘要:
研究冰川运动速度对于理解高寒山区冰流的响应机制具有重要意义.然而在藏东南地区，由于时间和空间上的限制，许多冰川的运动研究仍不充分.利用多源遥感影像，采用特征追踪方法获取了藏东南则隆弄冰川的表面速度.结合冰川坡度、厚度等地形要素，以及30 a平均气温和降水量等气象数据，分析了其长期流动特征.结果表明，该冰川流速具有显著的季节性：夏秋季较快，春冬季较慢.流速主要受坡度和厚度影响，并在全球变暖背景下呈现缓慢上升趋势.进一步结合气候数据发现，冰川流速变化受季节性气温和降水控制，其中降水的影响存在一定滞后.这种滞后性与降水下渗并传递至冰川底部所需的时间密切相关.长期观测揭示了则隆弄冰川的季节性流动特征和逐渐增强的长期趋势.同时，研究还探讨了流速异常与地质灾害的关系.总体来看，本研究为理解气候变化对藏东南地区冰川动态的影响提供了科学依据.
Abstract:Understanding glacier flow velocity is crucial for revealing the response mechanisms of ice dynamics in high-altitude regions. However, in Southeast Tibet, studies on glacier motion remain limited in both temporal and spatial scales. In this study, it derived the surface velocity of the Zelongnong Glacier in Southeast Tibet using multi-source remote sensing images and feature-tracking techniques. By integrating topographic factors (slope and thickness) with 30-year averages of temperature and precipitation, it examined the glacier's long-term flow characteristics.The results show that the glacier exhibits pronounced seasonal variations in flow velocity, with higher values in summer and autumn and lower values in spring and winter. Velocity is strongly influenced by slope and thickness and shows a gradual increase under global warming. Climate analysis further indicates that glacier flow variations are mainly controlled by seasonal temperature and precipitation, with precipitation effects showing a clear time lag. This lag is closely related to the infiltration and transmission of meltwater to the glacier bed.Long-term observations highlight both the seasonal dynamics and the increasing long-term trend of Zelongnong glacier flow. In addition, potential links between velocity anomalies and geological hazards are discussed. Overall, this study provides new insights into the impacts of climate change on glacier dynamics in Southeast Tibet.
-
Key words:
- glacier movement /
- climate change /
- Asia high mountain /
- remote sensing monitoring /
- engineering geology
-
图 1 研究区地理位置及周围部分村落情况
Fig. 1. Location of study area and the situation of some surrounding villages
图 3 则隆弄冰川不同时期流速
Fig. 3. The velocity distribution of the Zelongnong glacier at different stages
图 4 则隆弄冰川年平均流动速度变化
Fig. 4. The annual average flow velocity variation of the Zelongnong glacier
图 5 则隆弄冰川流速季节分布
Fig. 5. Seasonal distribution of flow velocity in the Zelongnong glacier
图 6 则隆弄冰川2022-07~2023-07平均速度分布差异及GNSS测站位置
Fig. 6. The velocity distribution differences of the Zelongnong glacier in 2022-07-2023-07 and the location of GNSS monitoring station
图 7 则隆弄冰川流速计算数据与实测数据对比
Fig. 7. A comparison chart of the calculated flow velocity data and the measured data of the Zelongnong glacier
图 8 则隆弄冰川流速与坡度及冰川厚度对比
Fig. 8. A comparison chart of the flow velocity, slope and thickness of the Zelongnong glacier
图 9 气候变化与对应时间段平均流速的变化关系
Fig. 9. The relationship between climate change and the variation of average flow velocity in the corresponding time period
表 1 遥感数据及冰川数据
Table 1. The remote sensing data and glacier data
数据 时间 来源 数量(张) 分辨率(m) 参考文献及数据库 冰川运动速度 1994-12~2011-08 Landsat 4-5 TM 117 10 本文 2010-12~2017-01 Landsat 7 ETM+ 62 30 2016-11~2024-11 Sentinel-2 L2A 123 30 数字高程模型 2022 Copernicus 30 30 European Space Agency and Airbus (2022) 冰川厚度 2017 RGI6.0 RGI Consortium (2017) 冰川中心线 2023 RGI7.0 RGI Consortium (2023) GNSS 2022-7~2023-7 监测仪器 本文 
下载: 导出CSV
-
Agarwal, V., Bolch, T., Syed, T. H., et al., 2017. Area and Mass Changes of Siachen Glacier (East Karakoram). Journal of Glaciology, 63(237): 148-163. https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.127 Agarwal, V., Van Wyk de Vries, M., Haritashya, U. K., et al., 2023. Long-Term Analysis of Glaciers and Glacier Lakes in the Central and Eastern Himalaya. Science of the Total Environment, 898: 165598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165598 Allen, S. K., Rastner, P., Arora, M., et al., 2016. Lake Outburst and Debris Flow Disaster at Kedarnath, June 2013: Hydrometeorological Triggering and Topographic Predisposition. Landslides, 13(6): 1479-1491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0584-3 Berthier, E., Vadon, H., Baratoux, D., et al., 2005. Surface Motion of Mountain Glaciers Derived from Satellite Optical Imagery. Remote Sensing of Environment, 95(1): 14-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.11.005 Bhambri, R., Hewitt, K., Kawishwar, P., et al., 2017. Surge-Type and Surge-Modified Glaciers in the Karakoram. Scientific Reports, 7: 15391. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15473-8 Chen, J. Q., Gao, H., Han, L., et al., 2023. Susceptibility Analysis of Glacier Debris Flow Based on Remote Sensing Imagery and Deep Learning: A Case Study along the G318 Linzhi Section. Sensors, 23(14): 6608. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146608 Cheng, X., Xu, G. H., 2006. The Integration of JERS-1 and ERS SAR in Differential Interferometry for Measurement of Complex Glacier Motion. Journal of Glaciology, 52(176): 80-88. https://doi.org/10.3189/172756506781828881 Dehecq, A., Gourmelen, N., Gardner, A. S., et al., 2019. Twenty-First Century Glacier Slowdown Driven by Mass Loss in High Mountain Asia. Nature Geoscience, 12(1): 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0271-9 European Space Agency and Airbus, 2022. Copernicus DEM, European Space Agency, European Space Agency. https://doi.org/10.5270/ESA-c5d3d65 Farinotti, D., Huss, M., Fürst, J. J., et al., 2019. A Consensus Estimate for the Ice Thickness Distribution of all Glaciers on Earth. Nature Geoscience, 12(3): 168-173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0300-3 Guan, W. J., Cao, B., Pan, B. T., 2020. Research of Glacier Flow Velocity: Current Situation and Prospects. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 42(4): 1101-1114 (in Chinese with English abstract). Guo, W. Q., Liu, S. Y., Xu, J. L., et al., 2015. The Second Chinese Glacier Inventory: Data, Methods and Results. Journal of Glaciology, 61(226): 357-372. https://doi.org/10.3189/2015JoG14J209 Huang, H., Gong, C., 2024. Spatial-Temporal Evolution of Geohazard Chain Participated by Glacier and Snow in Zhibai Gully, SE Tibetan Plateau. Earth Science, 49(10): 3784-3798 (in Chinese with English abstract). Kääb, A., Berthier, E., Nuth, C., et al., 2012. Contrasting Patterns of Early Twenty-First-Century Glacier Mass Change in the Himalayas. Nature, 488(7412): 495-498. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11324 Li, H., Zhao, J. Y., Yan, B. Q., et al., 2022. Global DEMs Vary from One to Another: An Evaluation of Newly Released Copernicus, NASA and AW3D30 DEM on Selected Terrains of China Using ICESat-2 Altimetry Data. International Journal of Digital Earth, 15(1): 1149-1168. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2022.2094002 Li, L., Yang, S., Wang, Z. Y., et al., 2010. Evidence of Warming and Wetting Climate over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 42(4): 449-457. https://doi.org/10.1657/1938-4246-42.4.449 Liu, C. Z., Lü, J. T., Tong, L. Q., et al., 2019. Research on Glacial/Rock Fall-Landslide-Debris Flows in Sedongpu Basin along Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet. Geology in China, 46(2): 219-234 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu, G. X., Zhang, B., Zhang, R., et al., 2019. Monitoring Dynamics of Hailuogou Glacier and the Secondary Landslide Disasters Based on Combination of Satellite SAR and Ground-Based SAR. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 44(7): 980-995(in Chinese with English abstract). Liu, Y., An, Z. S., Linderholm, H. W., et al., 2009. Annual Temperatures during the Last 2 485 Years in the Mid-Eastern Tibetan Plateau Inferred from Tree Rings. Science in China (Series D): Earth Sciences, 52(3): 348-359. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0025-z Liu, Z. X., Wang, J., Cui, P., et al., 2025. Experimental Study on Response of Strength Characteristics of Glacier Tills to Temperature in Southeast Tibet. Earth Science, 50(1): 322-335(in Chinese with English abstract). Millan, R., Mouginot, J., Rabatel, A., et al., 2022. Ice Velocity and Thickness of the World's Glaciers. Nature Geoscience, 15(2): 124-129. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-021-00885-z Moon, T., Joughin, I., Smith, B., et al., 2012.21st-Century Evolution of Greenland Outlet Glacier Velocities. Science, 336(6081): 576-578. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1219985 Mountain Research Initiative EDW Working Group, 2015. Elevation-Dependent Warming in Mountain Regions of the World. Nature Climate Change, 5(5): 424-430. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2563 Qiu, H., Liu, Y., Tang, B., et al., 2024. More Catastrophic Flow Events may Follow the Chamoli Rock and Ice Avalanche under Climate Change. Journal of Earth Science, 35(4), 1382-1384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-024-1997-5 Ren, J. C., Su, P. C., Zhang, L. L., et al., 2025. Formation Mechanism and Risk Assessment of the Glacial Debris Flow in the Zhibai Gully, Southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Mountain Research, 43(3): 423-437(in Chinese with English abstract). RGI Consortium, 2017. Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI)—A Dataset of Global Glacier Outlines: Version 6.0. In: Technical Report, Global Land Ice Measurements from Space. Digital Media, Boulder, Colorado, USA. https://doi.org/10.7265/N5-RGI-60 RGI Consortium, 2023. Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI)— A Dataset of Global Glacier Outlines. Version 7.0. In: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Boulder, Colorado USA. https://doi.org/10.5067/F6JMOVY5NAVZ Sattar, A., Cook, K. L., Rai, S. K., et al., 2025. The Sikkim Flood of October 2023: Drivers, Causes, and Impacts of a Multihazard Cascade. Science, 387(6740): eads2659. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ads2659 Su, Z., Shi, Y. F., 2002. Response of Monsoonal Temperate Glaciers to Global Warming since the Little Ice Age. Quaternary International, 97-98: 123-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1040-6182(02)00057-5 Van Wyk de Vries, M., Carchipulla-Morales, D., Wickert, A. D., et al., 2022. Glacier Thickness and Ice Volume of the Northern Andes. Scientific Data, 9(1): 342. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01446-8 Van Wyk de Vries, M., Wickert, A. D., 2021. Glacier Image Velocimetry: An Open-Source Toolbox for Easy and Rapid Calculation of High-Resolution Glacier Velocity Fields. The Cryosphere, 15(4): 2115-2132. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2115-2021 Wang, P. Y., Li, Z. Q., Wu, L. H., et al., 2012. Ice Thickness and Volume Based on GPR, GPS and GIS: Example from the Heigou Glacier No. 8, Bogda-Peak Region, Tianshan, China. Earth Science, 37(S1): 179-187(in Chinese with English abstract). Xin, Y. B., Zhao, C. Y., Li, B., et al., 2024. Activation of Ms 6.9 Milin Earthquake on Sedongpu Disaster Chain, China with Multi-Temporal Optical Images. Remote Sensing, 16(21): 4003. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16214003 Yao, T. D., Bolch, T., Chen, D. L., et al., 2022. The Imbalance of the Asian Water Tower. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 3(10): 618-632. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00299-4 Zhang, Y., Fujita, K., Liu, S. Y., et al., 2010. Multi-Decadal Ice-Velocity and Elevation Changes of a Monsoonal Maritime Glacier: Hailuogou Glacier, China. Journal of Glaciology, 56(195): 65-74. https://doi.org/10.3189/002214310791190884 Zhang, Y. L., Kang, S. C., Cong, Z. Y., et al., 2017. Light-Absorbing Impurities Enhance Glacier Albedo Reduction in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122(13): 6915-6933. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jd026397 Zhang, Z., Hu, K. H., Lu, Y. J., et al., 2024. Glacier Movement Characteristics and Influencing Factors in High Mountain Asia. Earth Science, 49(8): 3010-3019(in Chinese with English abstract). Zou, Q., Zhou, B., Yang, T., et al., 2024. Spatio-Temporal Differentiation Characteristics of Glacial Lake Outburst in the Himalayas. Earth Science, 49(11): 4047-4062(in Chinese with English abstract). Zwally, H. J., Abdalati, W., Herring, T., et al., 2002. Surface Melt-Induced Acceleration of Greenland Ice-Sheet Flow. Science, 297(5579): 218-222. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1072708 管伟瑾, 曹泊, 潘保田, 2020. 冰川运动速度研究: 方法、变化、问题与展望. 冰川冻土, 42(4): 1101-1114. 黄海, 龚诚, 2024. 藏东南地区直白沟冰雪型地质灾害链时空演化特征. 地球科学, 49(10): 3784-3798. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.140 刘传正, 吕杰堂, 童立强, 等, 2019. 雅鲁藏布江色东普沟崩滑-碎屑流堵江灾害初步研究. 中国地质, 46(2): 219-234. 刘国祥, 张波, 张瑞, 等, 2019. 联合卫星SAR和地基SAR的海螺沟冰川动态变化及次生滑坡灾害监测. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 44(7): 980-995. 刘振兴, 王姣, 崔鹏, 等, 2025. 藏东南地区冰碛土强度特性对温度响应试验研究. 地球科学, 50(1): 322-335. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.015 任锦程, 苏鹏程, 张乐乐, 等, 2025. 藏东南直白沟冰川泥石流形成机制和风险评估. 山地学报, 43(3): 423-437. 王璞玉, 李忠勤, 吴利华, 等, 2012. GPR, GPS与GIS支持下的冰川厚度及冰储量分析: 以天山博格达峰黑沟8号冰川为例. 地球科学, 37(S1): 179-187. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2012.S1.018 张震, 胡克宏, 陆艺杰, 等, 2024. 亚洲高山区冰川运动特征及影响因素. 地球科学, 49(8): 3010-3019. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2022.482 邹强, 周斌, 杨涛, 等, 2024. 喜马拉雅高海拔山区冰湖溃决时空分异特征. 地球科学, 49(11): 4047-4062. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2024.083 -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 277
- HTML全文浏览量: 19
- PDF下载量: 50
- 被引次数: 0
