Evolution of Stress Fields in Structural Intersection Zones and Its Impact on Fracture Development: A Case Study of Yuanba and Tongnanba Areas in North Sichuan
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摘要: 构造交汇区致密砂岩储层往往受到不同方向、不同期次构造作用力的影响，致密砂岩储层在多期构造叠加改造下，形成不同密集程度、不同规模裂缝，裂缝的叠加改造大大增加了致密砂岩优势储集层刻画的难度.川东北元坝和通南巴上三叠统须家河组致密砂岩裂缝正是在大巴山冲断带、米仓山隆起、龙门山冲断带联合主导的交汇应力作用下所发育，这些多方向、多期次裂缝影响了川东北须家河组天然气的勘探开发.因此准确表征元坝、通南巴区块所处的构造交汇发育部位、特征、成因成为有效表达目标区块须家河组致密砂岩裂缝发育特征及空间分布规律的关键，是有效开发裂缝型气藏前提.利用川东北野外构造形迹实测数据，综合地震解释成果分析，明确交汇区构造空间特征，断裂分布的空间转化，并以此为基础分析和模拟构造交汇区不同区域的裂缝发育差异，解析构造交汇区对裂缝的控制作用.在构造应力场约束下，应用随机模拟技术体现裂缝发育区域单条裂缝之间方位偏转规律，表征自然裂缝的随机发育特征.研究结果显示，燕山晚期构造交汇区受到均一的北西-南东向构造应力作用，发育以北东向褶皱（九龙山背斜、通南巴背斜）为主，而喜山期构造交汇区呈现明显的差异：交汇区西部（元坝区块西部）发育北东向断裂，交汇区中部（元坝区块中东部）发育南北向断裂，而构造交汇区的东部（通南巴区块）发育北西向断裂.燕山晚期形成的NE向背斜控制裂缝分布，喜山期断裂控缝.构造交汇区自西向东，裂缝发育程度越来越高，控制裂缝的断层由形态简单的单条断层逐渐向由形态复杂单条断层控制、复杂的多条断层控制，裂缝方向也由西部（元坝区块西部）NW逐渐变化为东部（通南巴区块）NE.构造交汇区西部（元坝区块）主要由单条断层控制裂缝发育；往东构造交汇区中部（通南巴西部），主要由断层的弯曲、转折，以及断层的斜列来控制裂缝的发育；构造交汇区东部（通南巴东部）则主要发育距离较近断层联合控制，局部可见交切断层的交汇部位裂缝发育程度高.Abstract: Tight sandstone reservoirs within tectonic intersection zones are shaped by multi-directional, polyphase stresses that generate fractures of variable density and scale. These structural overprints, superimposed on porosity variations from sedimentary and diagenetic processes, introduce strong heterogeneity, complicating reservoir characterization and prediction. Accurate delineation of fracture networks therefore requires systematic analysis of the geometry, evolution, and genetic mechanisms of intersection zones. By integrating field structural measurements with seismic interpretation, it constrained the spatial architecture of intersection zones and simulated fracture variability across subregions. Stochastic modeling under stress-field constraints captured directional deviations between individual fractures, reflecting the intrinsic randomness of natural systems. Results indicate that during the late Yanshanian, NW-SE directed compression dominated, producing NE-trending folds (Jiulongshan and Tongnanba anticlines) that exerted first-order control on fracture development. In contrast, Himalayan deformation was partitioned: NE-trending faults developed in the western Yuanba area, NS-trending faults in the central Yuanba, and NW-trending faults in the Tongnanba area. While Yanshanian folds primarily governed fracture distribution, Himalayan faults became the dominant control. From west to east, fracture intensity increases, with mechanisms evolving from single-fault control (Yuanba) to more complex fault bending, inflection, and enéchelon arrangements (western Tongnanba), culminating in dense fracture networks generated by intersecting faults in eastern Tongnanba.
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Key words:
- structural intersection /
- stress field /
- fracture /
- sandstone /
- tectonics
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图 1 构造交汇区中的元坝、通南巴区块
Fig. 1. Yuanba and Tongnanba blocks in the structural intersection area
图 2 研究区构造叠加改造特征（须家河组顶面构造）
Fig. 2. The characteristics of structural superposition and reformation in the structural intersection area (the surface structure of the top Xujiahe Formation)
图 3 褶皱两翼优势方位和轴面产状分析
Fig. 3. Analysis on the dominant azimuths of the two limbs of the fold and the attitude of the axial plane
图 4 构造交汇区利用断裂面擦痕构造应力分析
Fig. 4. Structural stress analysis using fault plane striations in the structural intersection area
图 5 北东向马路背背斜被北西向构造切割
Fig. 5. The NE-trending Malubei anticline dissected by NW-trending structures
图 6 构造交汇区燕山早期应力迹线
Fig. 6. Stress trace of the early Yanshanian period in the structural intersection area
图 7 构造交汇区燕山晚期应力迹线
Fig. 7. Stress trace of the late Yanshanian period in the structural intersection area
图 8 构造交汇区喜山期应力迹线
Fig. 8. Stress trace of the Himalayan period in the structural intersection area
图 9 元坝地区须家河组裂缝随机模拟
a.燕山晚期裂缝；b.喜山期裂缝
Fig. 9. Stochastic simulation of fractures in Xujiahe Formation of Yuanba block
图 10 元坝地区须家河组构造控缝分析
a.燕山晚期构造控缝；b.喜山期构造控缝；c.燕山晚期与喜山期构造控缝对比
Fig. 10. Structural control of fractures in Xujiahe Formation of Yuanba block
图 12 通南巴须家河组裂缝随机模拟
a. 燕山晚期裂缝；b. 喜山期裂缝
Fig. 12. Stochastic simulation in Xujiahe Formation of Tongnanba block
图 13 通南巴地区须家河组构造控缝分析
a.燕山晚期构造控缝；b.喜山期构造控缝；c.燕山晚期与喜山期构造控缝对比
Fig. 13. Structural control of fractures in Xujiahe Formation of Tongnanba block
图 14 通南巴须家河组裂缝发育模式
Fig. 14. Fracture development model of Xujiahe Formation in Tongnanba block
表 1 研究区及相邻区域褶皱应力场分析
Table 1. Statistics of the fold stress analysis in the structural intersection area
背斜 数据点 两翼产状(°） 两翼优势方位(°） 轴面(°） 主应力方向(°） σ1 σ2 σ3 大两会 12 185/71, 185/69, 191/73, 190/70, 202/77, 220/65, 218/63, 11/63, 12/71, 15/72, 12/65, 15/78 192/71 11/68 298/84 11/22 328/14 131/62 九龙山 12 132/45, 159/52, 145/25, 154/71, 153/72, 159/56, 144/66, 325/40, 300/12, 342/6, 302/12, 332/5 150/55 322/15 329/80 148/13 58/23 345/68 通南巴 15 275/36, 290/57, 305/56, 310/37, 318/21, 295/31, 288/22, 135/65, 150/30, 133/60, 123/70, 138/46, 129/48, 109/55, 112/35 128/51 336/33 303/80 123/8 34/ 8 305/70 通江北 6 285/51, 268/55, 260/58, 66/75, 58/66, 63/76 61/33 258/20 255/77 49/ 3 323/5 140/85 
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表 2 主要断裂擦痕及应力分析统计
Table 2. Statistics of main fault striations and stress analysis in the structural intersection area
位置 来源 断裂面产状(°) 擦痕产状优势方位(°) 主应力 最大主应力(°） 中间主应力(°） 最小主应力(°） 正源乡 实测 215/46 181/41 346/00 256/00 264/88 高阳镇 实测 47/84 333/69 343/06 253/11 099/78 东溪镇 实测 203/83 119/35 341/09 250/04 147/82 水磨乡 实测 341/68 63/18 357/48 267/00 177/49 三江镇 实测 40/45 1/45 3/02 273/02 174/88 新民乡 实测 40/52 38/52 32/47 303/01 214/48 流坝乡 实测 23/62 21/62 158/14 249/06 75/78 赤江乡 实测 217/56 177/49 330/05 240/04 257/86 铁溪乡 实测 195/54 127/28 238/17 148/02 157/83 永安村 实测 88/78 71/76 172/13 259/17 58/73 大河村 实测 237/67 77/57 302/49 61/07 164/81
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