雪崩形成机制及危险性评价方法综述

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.277

雪崩形成机制及危险性评价方法综述

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.277

1. 雅江清洁能源科学技术研究(北京)有限公司, 北京 100038;
2. 同济大学土木工程学院, 上海 200092

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目（No. 42307196），中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目（2024T170769），科技部重点研发计划项目（No. 2024YFF1700303）

详细信息

作者简介:
沈丹祎（1991—），女，高级工程师，博士，从事地质灾害防灾减灾研究，E-mail：shendanyi1107@163.com，ORCID：0009-0000-4360-6406。

中图分类号: P694
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- 文章访问数: 84
- HTML全文浏览量: 3
- PDF下载量: 4
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-30
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-29

Research progress on formation mechanisms and rapid hazard assessment of snow avalanche

1. Yajiang Clean Energy Science and Technology Research (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100038;
2. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092

摘要

摘要: 开展雪崩形成机制和临灾危险性评估，对防灾减灾具有重要意义。本文梳理了雪崩分布区域特征及雪崩类型主要划分方式，系统阐述了雪崩影响因素及其启动-运动-堆积机理，详细归纳了积雪稳定性、雪崩抛程和雪崩危险性等级计算方法。在此基础上，进一步提出雪崩研究仍需要关注以下5方面：1）构建全球统一的雪崩案例数据库，为雪崩形成及运动研究提供基础；2）开展极端气候条件下积雪力学特性动态演化、不同地形和气候条件共同作用下对积雪性质的影响研究，厘清雪崩活动的时空演化规律；3）建立雪崩启动概率定量分析模型，开展裂纹扩展机制研究，提出雪崩启动裂纹扩展表征方法；4）研究雪崩运动中侵蚀互馈过程及物质和能量转化规律，构建雪崩堆积体形态尺寸与影响因素定量关系；5）构建考虑动力学机理的雪崩抛程计算方法，提出雪崩动态风险评估模型，为雪崩灾害预测及防灾减灾技术研究提供参考依据。
- 雪崩 /
- 类型划分 /
- 影响因素 /
- 运动机制 /
- 危险性评价
Abstract: Investigation of avalanche formation mechanisms and pre-disaster hazard assessment is critically significant for disaster prevention and mitigation. This study synthesizes the characteristic distribution patterns of avalanches and primary classification methodologies, systematically elaborates on influencing factors and the mechanisms governing avalanche initiation, movement, and deposition. It comprehensively reviews computational approaches for snowpack stability, avalanche runout distance, and hazard level classification. On this basis, five key aspects are identified as requiring focused attention in future research: 1) A globally snow avalanche database is needed to provide a foundational resource for studies of avalanche formation and dynamics. 2) Dynamic evolution of snowpack mechanical properties under extreme climatic conditions and the coupled effects of terrain and climate on snowpack characteristics is needed, thereby elucidating the spatiotemporal patterns of avalanche activity. 3) Quantitative models for avalanche initiation probability, crack propagation mechanisms, and initiation-related fracture growth characterization methods are needed. 4) Examine erosion–deposition feedbacks and mass–energy transfer during avalanche motion, and derive quantitative relationships between deposit morphology and controlling factors are needed. 5) Runout estimation methods based on avalanche dynamics and dynamic risk assessment framework are needed to provide important reference for disaster prediction and mitigation.
- Snow avalanche /
- Type classification /
- Influencing factors /
- Movement mechanism /
- Risk assessment

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雪崩形成机制及危险性评价方法综述

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.277

作者简介:
沈丹祎（1991—），女，高级工程师，博士，从事地质灾害防灾减灾研究，E-mail：shendanyi1107@163.com，ORCID：0009-0000-4360-6406。

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Research progress on formation mechanisms and rapid hazard assessment of snow avalanche

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目录

留言板

雪崩形成机制及危险性评价方法综述

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.277

作者简介: 沈丹祎（1991—），女，高级工程师，博士，从事地质灾害防灾减灾研究，E-mail：shendanyi1107@163.com，ORCID：0009-0000-4360-6406。

计量

出版历程

Research progress on formation mechanisms and rapid hazard assessment of snow avalanche

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
沈丹祎（1991—），女，高级工程师，博士，从事地质灾害防灾减灾研究，E-mail：shendanyi1107@163.com，ORCID：0009-0000-4360-6406。