深部煤层气储层地质力学研究与进展

鞠玮; 肖宇航; 田永净; 王玫珠; 马立民; 吴春龙; 曾碧涛; 赵宇峰; 丛彭; 卢海兵; 杨焦生; 程家耀; 袁航

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2025.294

深部煤层气储层地质力学研究与进展

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2025.294

鞠玮^{1, 2, ,},
肖宇航^3, ,,
田永净⁴,
王玫珠³,
马立民⁵,
吴春龙^{1, 2},
曾碧涛^{1, 2},
赵宇峰³,
丛彭⁵,
卢海兵³,
杨焦生³,
程家耀^{1, 2},
袁航^{1, 2}

1.
煤层气资源与成藏过程教育部重点实验室, 江苏徐州 221008
2.
中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院, 江苏徐州 221116
3.
中国石油勘探开发研究院非常规研究所, 北京 100083
4.
中联煤层气有限责任公司, 北京 100015
5.
中国石油冀东油田公司勘探开发研究院, 河北唐山 063004

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金面上项目 42372185

中国石油天然气股份有限公司基础性前瞻性科技项目 2024DJ23

江苏高校“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师培育项目和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目 2025ZDPY10

详细信息

作者简介:
鞠玮（1988-），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事油气储层地质力学领域研究与教学工作.ORCID：0000-0002-4095-0946. E-mail：wju@cumt.edu.cn

通讯作者:
肖宇航，E-mail：yjy_xyh@petrochina.com.cn

中图分类号: P55
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-09-15
- 刊出日期: 2026-07-25

Study and Progress of Reservoir Geomechanics within Deep Coalbed Methane

Ju Wei^{1, 2
,
,},
Xiao Yuhang^{3
, ,},
Tian Yongjing⁴,
Wang Meizhu³,
Ma Limin⁵,
Wu Chunlong^{1, 2},
Zeng Bitao^{1, 2},
Zhao Yufeng³,
Cong Peng⁵,
Lu Haibing³,
Yang Jiaosheng³,
Cheng Jiayao^{1, 2},
Yuan Hang^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
2.
School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
3.
Unconventional Energy Research Institute, PetroChina Research Institution of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
4.
China United Coalbed Methane Corporation Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
5.
Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Jidong Oilfield Company, Tangshan 063004, China

摘要

摘要: 深部煤层气资源潜力巨大，是中国非常规天然气未来规模性增储上产的重要领域.储层地质力学在深部煤层气勘探开发过程中起到至关重要的作用，是实现效益开发的关键支撑.为查明深部煤层气储层地质力学研究现状与进展，论文在深部煤层气储层地质力学特性、关键技术分析基础上，探讨未来发展方向.结果显示：（1）深部“三高”（高地温、高地应力、高流体压力）地质环境主导控制煤岩力学行为变化，是从浅部脆性向深部脆-延性乃至延性转变的关键因素，是造成储层低孔-特低渗、强非均质性和各向异性的核心研究挑战，开展考虑深部“三高”环境与裂缝非均质发育特征的流-固-热耦合分析是深部煤层气储层地质力学分析的重要研究内容；（2）基于多数据融合的原位地应力场精细反演、基于CT/深度学习算法的数字裂缝网络模型构建、多场耦合数值模拟是深部煤层气储层地质力学研究的重要技术方法，智能化和实时监测是深部煤层气开发降本增效的关键技术；（3）未来深部煤层气地质研究应当突破传统单一学科界限，重点发展融合地质力学-渗流-经济性的多目标协同优化算法，构建起数字孪生系统，实现深部煤层气安全、高效与经济开发.
- 储层地质力学 /
- 深部煤层气 /
- 进展 /
- 力学特性 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: Deep coalbed methane (CBM) resources have great potential and are significant fields for China's future large-scale increase in reserve and production of unconventional natural gas. Reservoir geomechanics plays a vital role in the exploration and development of deep CBM and is the key support for achieving efficient development. In order to find out the current status and progress of geomechanical research within deep CBM reservoirs, in this paper it explored the future development direction based on the analysis of geomechanical characteristics and key technologies of deep CBM reservoirs. The results show follows. (1) The deep geological environment shows characteristics of high geotemperature, high in-situ stress and high fluid pressure, which dominates and controls the changes in the mechanical behavior of coal and rock, and is the key factor in the transition from shallow brittleness to deep brittle-ductile and even ductile. It creates the core research challenges of low porosity/ultralow permeability, strong heterogeneity and anisotropy in the reservoir. Fluid-solid-thermal coupling analysis considering the heterogeneous development characteristics of cleats is an important research content in the geomechanical analysis of deep CBM reservoirs. (2) Fine inversion of in-situ stress field based on multi-data fusion, digital fracture network model construction based on CT/deep learning algorithm, and multi-field coupling numerical simulation are important technical methods for the geomechanical research of deep CBM reservoirs. Intelligent and real-time monitoring technology is the key to reducing costs and increasing efficiency in deep CBM development. (3) Future research should break through the boundaries of traditional single disciplines and focus on developing multi-objective collaborative optimization algorithms that integrate geomechanics, seepage, and economy, building a digital twin system, and realizing the safe, efficient, and economic development of deep CBM.
- reservoir geomechanics /
- deep coalbed methane /
- progress /
- mechanics /
- numerical simulation

HTML全文

图 1 深浅煤层气划分示意图与中国深部煤层气发展阶段图

a.深浅煤层气划分示意图，Ⅰ为吸附气含量临界深度小于地应力机制转换深度，此时地应力机制转换深度为深浅煤层气界线，Ⅱ为吸附气含量临界深度大于地应力机制转换深度，此时吸附气含量临界深度为深浅煤层气界线，Ⅲ为吸附气含量临界深度与地应力机制转换深度相等，此时任一深度为深浅煤层气界线，据Qin et al.（2018）；b.中国深部煤层气发展阶段图，据鞠玮等（2025）

Fig. 1. Schematic diagrams of deep and shallow coalbed methane division and development stage of deep coalbed methane in China

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图 2 受地应力非均质性和天然裂缝影响下的压裂裂缝扩展样式

据Rajabi et al.（2017）；S_Hmax为水平最大主应力，S_hmin为水平最小主应力

Fig. 2. Hydraulic fracture propagation pattern influenced by in-situ stress heterogeneity and natural fractures

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图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地大宁‒吉县区块深部煤储层不同顶底板岩性组合条件（a）及煤层厚度（b）对地应力分布的影响（据闫霞等，2025）

Fig. 3. Influence of varying roof and floor lithology combinations (a) and coal seam thickness (b) on in-situ stress distribution in deep coal reservoirs in the Daning–Jixian Block, Ordos Basin (after Yan et al., 2025)

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图 4 温度和围压对岩石力学性能的影响效应

据Fossen，2016. YP为屈服点；σ₁和σ₃为最大和最小主应力；e为应变，σ为应力

Fig. 4. Effects of temperature and confining pressure on rock mechanical properties

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图 5 割理对岩石力学性能（单轴抗压强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和泊松比）的影响规律（据Hou et al.，2020）

Fig. 5. Influence of cleats on rock mechanical properties (uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio) (after Hou et al., 2020)

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图 6 不同原地应力差条件下裂缝扩展结束时压力云图

据杨兆中等，2021. 模拟条件：垂直方向为17 MPa，砂岩层段水平主应力为14 MPa，泥岩层段水平主应力为12 MPa，模拟正断型地应力机制；界面强度a为0.50 MPa，b为0.75 MPa，c为1.00 MPa

Fig. 6. Pressure nephograms at the end of fracture propagation under different in‑situ stress difference conditions

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图 7 考虑裂缝弱化效应的鄂尔多斯盆地佳县地区煤层岩石力学剖面

GR为伽马测井，单位为API；CNL为中子测井，单位为%；DEN为密度测井，单位为g/cm³；AC为声波时差测井，单位为μs/m；弹性模量单位为GPa；割理密度单位为条/5 cm

Fig. 7. Rock mechanical profile of coal seams considering fracture weakening effect in the Jiaxian area, Ordos Basin

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图 8 考虑裂缝影响效应的鄂尔多斯盆地东缘佳县地区深部煤层气储层现今地应力分布

图中a、c、e为未考虑裂缝影响效应的8号煤层现今地应力；b、d、f为考虑裂缝影响效应的8号煤层现今地应力；S_v、S_Hmax和S_hmin分别代表垂向主应力、水平最大主应力和水平最小主应力

Fig. 8. Present-day in-situ stress distribution in deep coalbed methane reservoirs considering fracture influence effect in the Jiaxian area, eastern margin of the Ordos Basin

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图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘佳县地区深部煤层气储层压裂前后地应力分布对比

图中a、b、c为佳县地区某井区8号煤层压裂前现今地应力；d、e、f为佳县地区某井区8号煤层压裂后现今地应力；S_v、S_Hmax和S_hmin分别代表垂向主应力、水平最大主应力和水平最小主应力

Fig. 9. Comparison of in-situ stress distribution before and after fracturing in deep coalbed methane reservoirs in the Jiaxian area, eastern margin of the Ordos Basin

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表 1 中国主要煤层气赋存盆地不同深度煤层气资源量（据Li et al.，2023）

Table 1. Coalbed methane resource quantity at different depths in major coalbed methane-bearing basins in China (after Li et al., 2023)

盆地名称	地质资源总量(1 000~2 000 m)(10¹² m³)	可采资源量(1 000~2 000 m)(10¹² m³)	地质资源总量(> 2 000 m)(10¹² m³)	可采资源量(> 2 000 m)(10¹² m³)
鄂尔多斯盆地	5.34	1.69	12.99	3.08
沁水盆地东部	2.19	0.76	0.45	0.13
云南‒贵州西部	1.20	0.49	0.30	0.12
准噶尔盆地	1.93	0.64	15.04	4.42
天山南部	1.24	0.68	1.05	0.58
四川‒贵州北部	0.52	0.23	0.10	0.04
塔里木盆地	1.08	0.50	0.00	0.00
海拉尔盆地	1.27	0.74	0.00	0.00
二连盆地	0.05	0.02	0.00	0.00
吐哈盆地	0.98	0.25	10.60	1.55
其他盆地	3.00	1.05	0.18	0.08
总量	18.80	7.04	40.70	10.01

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表 2 中国典型深部煤层气勘探开发区地质信息

Table 2. Statistics of geological information for typical deep coalbed methane exploration and development areas in China

盆地/ 地区/区块	深部煤层气主要勘探开发层位	主要煤层类型	埋深(m)	煤厚(m)	煤体结构	含气量(m³/t)	镜质体反射率	孔隙度(%)	渗透率(10^‒3μm²)
吐哈盆地	侏罗系八道湾组、西山窑组	深部中阶煤	2 000~4 500	9.00~40.00，最大60.00	原生、碎裂	17.00~24.00	0.70%~1.40%	3.95%~11.18%	0.004~5.222
准噶尔盆地白家海地区	侏罗系八道湾组、西山窑组	深部低阶煤	1 600~5 500	2.00~20.00	原生、碎裂	8.28~26.18	0.47%~1.05%	8.80%~11.90%	0.018~1.253
新疆阜康西区	侏罗系八道湾组、西山窑组	深部低阶煤	750~1 446	5.18~19.48	原生、碎裂	5.97~16.64	0.51%~0.92%	4.20%~4.21%	0.004~0.988
松辽盆地王府断陷	白垩系火石岭组、沙河子组、营城组	深部高阶煤	> 2 000	1.00~12.00	原生	18.80~23.60	1.97%~2.29%	4.06%~5.71%	-
鄂尔多斯盆地大宁‒吉县区块	石炭系本溪组、石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组	深部高阶煤	2 000~2 400	1.50~9.80	原生	23.67~37.64	1.34%~2.12%	0.49%~6.11%	0.010~1.749
鄂尔多斯盆地延川南区块	二叠系山西组	深部高阶煤	800~1 600	2.80~6.90	原生、碎裂	8.00~20.00	2.02%~3.08%	3.00%~6.20%	0.013~0.990
鄂尔多斯盆地临汾区块	石炭系本溪组、石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组	深部高阶煤	900~1 320	2.04~9.35	原生	7.00~21.00	1.69%~2.30%	~2.35%	0.490~1.900
鄂尔多斯盆地临兴区块	石炭系本溪组、二叠系山西组	深部中、低阶煤	1 500~2 200	2.00~19.00	原生、碎裂	7.18~21.64	0.60%~3.70%	1.45%~14.84%	0.020~0.080
鄂尔多斯盆地神府区块	石炭系本溪组	深部高阶煤	1 800~2 100	1.80~18.70	原生、碎裂	0.80~34.00	0.67%~1.50%	1.70%~5.10%	0.010~0.360
鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地地区	石炭系本溪组、石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组	深部中阶煤	2 500~2 900	3.00~10.00	原生、碎裂	14.00~33.00	1.50%~1.70%	4.00%~7.00%	0.010~0.100
沁水盆地柿庄北区块	石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组	深部高阶煤	800~1 500	4.00~7.00	原生	3.11~21.51	2.29%~2.54%	4.20%~7.40%	0.010~0.460
济阳坳陷	石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组	深部高阶煤	大于2 000，平均4 000	10.00~25.00	-	4.60~5.40	0.60%~5.50%	-	-
冀中坳陷	石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组	深部中阶煤	1 000~5 600	2~46太原组3~35山西组	原生	0.00~36.50	0.65%~4.60%	3.40%~8.80%	-
山西晋中区块	石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组	深部高阶煤	1 600~2 200	1.50~18.00	碎裂	16.00~24.00	2.00%~3.50%	8.18%~10.98%	0.028~0.943
安徽两淮地区	石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组、二叠系下石盒子组、二叠系上石盒子组	深部低阶煤	1 000~1 500	1.03~8.26	碎裂	9.66~13.68	0.70%~1.00%	1.30%~10.90%	0.055~5.720
宁武盆地	石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组	深部高阶煤	1 200~2 700	10.00~13.70	原生、碎裂	4.06~20.00	1.03%~1.81%	0.71%~8.26%	-
河南焦作矿区	石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组、二叠系下石盒子组	深部高阶煤	800~2 000	3.81~7.20	碎裂、碎粒	0~36.00	-	-	-
江苏徐州地区	石炭系本溪组、石炭‒二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组、二叠系下石盒子组	深部中阶煤	1 000~2 500	0.05~12.00	原生、碎裂、碎粒	1.22~53.32	0.70%~0.97%	5.67%~10.89%	-
四川盆地	二叠系龙潭组	深部高阶煤	2 000~4 500	1.50~4.50	原生	7.00~21.00	2.55%~3.50%	2.80%~6.89%	0.012~0.483
云南大河煤矿	二叠系龙潭组、二叠系长兴组	深部高阶煤	1 000~1 200	0.20~13.79	原生	7.23~10.60	1.01%~1.24%	~2.00%	0.110~1.530
重庆南川地区	二叠系龙潭组	深部高阶煤	1 800~3 000	0.40~1.50	原生、碎裂	7.70~67.00	1.72%~2.24%	2.30%~6.20%	0.050~6.220
黔西、黔北地区	二叠系龙潭组	深部高阶煤	1 000~2 000	10.00~40.00	-	3.20~31.30	1.03%~4.43%	4.60%~5.00%	0.010~0.100

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表 3 鄂尔多斯盆地大宁‒吉县区块中浅部煤层与深部8号煤储层参数对比（据徐凤银等，2024）

Table 3. Comparison of parameters between shallow to moderately deep coal seams and the deep No. 8 coal reservoir in the Daning-Jixian Block, Ordos Basin (after Xu et al., 2024)

地质条件	中浅部煤层(< 1 500 m)	深部煤层(> 2 000 m)
埋深(m)	900~1 500	2 000~2 600
煤层厚度(m)	2.2~9.4，平均5.49	4~12，平均7.8
含气量(m³·t^‒1)	12.3	24.3
孔隙度(%)	3.98	3.67
渗透率(10^‒3μm²)	1.51	0.001~0.130
吸附饱和度(%)	49.6~86.2，平均69.5	86.8~100，平均93.6
等温吸附特征	朗格缪尔体积24.90 m³/t，朗格缪尔压力2.09 MPa	朗格缪尔体积27.13 m³/t，朗格缪尔压力2.99 MPa
煤体结构	碎裂、碎粒结构	原生结构
镜质组含量(%)	60.00	81.52
平均镜质体反射率(%)	2.2	2.4
平均煤储层压力(MPa)	7.65	20.00
煤储层温度(℃)	30.50~51.19	57.68~72.53

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参考文献(257)

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