Numerical Simulation on the Relationship between Seismic Moment of Lg Wave and Source of Underground Explosion
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摘要: 针对地下爆炸当量估算问题，基于理论地震图仿真和Lg波谱反演方法，系统研究了不同场地中埋深、震源成分（ISO源、CLVD源、DC源及其组合）对源地震矩M0（source）与Lg波地震矩M0（Lg）关系的影响.通过定量标定M0（source）/M0（Lg）比值，结果表明两者比值具有显著的场地依赖性：朝鲜场地比值普遍高于0.2，而内华达场地低于0.2. CLVD和DC源等次生震源会显著降低朝鲜场地的Lg波激发效率（降幅可达50%），同时埋深增大会减弱P-S转换效应，导致比值进一步减小.（进一步的，结合震源模型建立了基于Lg波地震矩的当量估算方法，并以朝鲜第六次核试验数据为例进行了验证.Abstract: Regarding the estimation of yield of underground explosions, this study systematically investigates the influence of burial depth, source components(ISO, CLVD, DC, and their combinations), and site conditions on the relationship between the source seismic moment M0(source) and the Lg-wave seismic moment M0(Lg). Based on theoretical synthetic seismogram simulations and Lg-wave spectral inversion methods, we quantitatively calibrated the M0(source)/ M0(Lg) ratio for different test sites. The results reveal significant site dependence: the ratio generally exceeds 0.2 for the North Korean site but falls below 0.2 for the Nevada site. Secondary sources(e.g., CLVD and DC) reduce Lg-wave excitation efficiency in the North Korean site by up to 50%, while increased burial depth weakens P-S conversion effects, further decreasing the ratio. By integrating a seismic source model, we established a yield estimation method based on M0(Lg) and validated it using data from North Korea's sixth nuclear test.
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Key words:
- source seismic moment /
- Lg wave /
- source model /
- yield estimation /
- synthetic seismogram
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图 1 纯ISO、埋深0.26 km时，400~1 000 km震中距上的理论地震图
红色为截取的Lg波，速度窗口为3.0~3.6 km/s
Fig. 1. With pure ISO and a depth of 0.26 km, theoretical seismogram at epicentral distances of 400~1 000 km
图 2 不同埋深时Lg波频谱比值随频率的变化
星号表示观测值，直线为拟合结果
Fig. 2. The Lg wave spectrum ratio with frequency at different burial depths
图 3 纯ISO埋深0.26 km时反演得到的Lg波地震矩及视源拐角频率
直线表示源地震矩
Fig. 3. With pure ISO and a burial depth of 0.26 km, the Lg seismic moment and apparent source corner frequency obtained from inversion
图 4 ISO+CLVD源时，不同场地M0(Lg)/M0(exp)与FCLVD值及埋深关系
Fig. 4. Relationship between M0(Lg)/M0(exp) and FCLVD values and burial depth for different sites when using ISO+CLVD sources
图 5 ISO+DC源时，不同场地M0(Lg)/M0(exp)与FDC值及埋深关系
Fig. 5. Relationship between M0(Lg)/M0(exp) and FDC values and burial depth for different sites when using ISO+DC sources.
图 6 ISO+CLVD+DC源时，不同场地M0(Lg)/M0(exp)与K值及埋深关系
Fig. 6. Relationship between M0(Lg)/M0(exp) and FCLVD values and burial depth for different sites when using ISO+CLVD+DC sources
图 8 部分台站反演结果
黑色虚线为观测Lg波频谱，灰色为迭代曲线，红色为最优结果
Fig. 8. Inversion results of partial stations
图 10 朝鲜速度模型下，P/S幅值比随埋深变化
Fig. 10. P/S amplitude ratio versus burial depth under the North Korean velocity model
表 1 朝鲜和内华达场地速度模型（部分）
Table 1. velocity models for North Korea and Nevada sites(partial)
Layer（km） VS（km/s） VP（km/s） ρ（g/cm3） 朝鲜部分速度模型 1.0 3.09 5.35 2.57 8.0 3.35 5.81 2.66 20.0 3.62 6.27 2.78 ∞ 4.37 7.91 3.17 内华达部分速度模型 0.5 1.00 2.00 1.70 1.0 2.00 3.30 2.10 1.5 2.70 4.50 2.40 1.0 3.40 5.90 2.75 8.0 3.52 5.96 2.78 9.0 3.61 6.11 2.80 10.0 3.76 6.37 2.84 
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