Geomechanical Characteristics and Development Significance of Natural Fractures in Carbonate Reservoirs of FⅠ17 Strike-Slip Fault Zone, Fuman Oilfield
-
摘要: 塔里木盆地在超深层碳酸盐岩领域的地质力学研究已经取得了一系列成果，可以有效地支撑超深层油气的勘探开发和工程实践，为推进富满油田FⅠ17断裂带的断裂破碎体油藏进一步开采，结合岩石力学试验、单井地应力解释与三维地应力场模拟，明确FⅠ17断裂带断控储层的地质力学特征，并在此基础上分析FⅠ17断裂带相关天然裂缝的地质力学响应.研究表明：①储层的杨氏模量在32~47 GPa、泊松比在0.23~0.26，弹性参数在垂向上有非均质性差异、在平面上表现为断裂与围岩的差异，在断裂带附近可见杨氏模量降低（约20%左右）、泊松比升高（约10%左右）；②储层现今水平最小主应力在110~ 170 MPa、水平最大主应力在145~205 MPa，水平最大主应力方位与断裂走向呈小角度斜交，断裂带处相较围岩有明显应力降特征（局部可达15%以上）；③大尺度天然裂缝面上的有效正应力在30~105 MPa、剪应力在5~35 MPa，数值受到原位地应力与裂缝产状和地层孔隙压力的多重影响.④通过应力计算，天然裂缝的有效剪正比主要在0.1~0.55、临界注入压力主要在92~204 MPa、裂缝力学活动性指数FGAI主要在0.2~0.8，平均值为0.48，高角度裂缝具有更好的活动性，流体注入后首先激活；⑤地层压力达到裂缝闭合压力时将改变缝洞型储集体间的连通状态，为避免裂缝闭合后应力敏感性损伤可采取循环注采.Abstract: Geomechanical research in the ultra-deep carbonate rock domain of the Tarim basin has achieved a series of results, offering effective support to the exploration, development, and engineering practices of ultra-deep oil and gas resources. To facilitate further exploitation of the fracture-fragmented reservoir in the FⅠ17 fault zone of the Fuman oilfield, in this paper it integrates rock mechanics tests, single-well in-situ stress interpretation, and three-dimensional in-situ stress field simulations to clarify the geomechanical characteristics of the fault-controlled reservoirs in the FⅠ17 fault zone, on the basis of which the geomechanical responses of natural fractures associated with the FⅠ17 fault zone are analyzed. It is found that : ① The reservoir's Young's modulus ranges from 32-47 GPa, and Poisson's ratio ranges from 0.23-0.26. Elastic parameters exhibit vertical heterogeneity and planar differences between faults and surrounding rocks. Near fault development areas, a decrease in Young's modulus (approximately 20%) and an increase in Poisson's ratio (approximately 10%) are observed. ② The current minimum horizontal principal stress of the reservoir ranges from 110-170 MPa, and the maximum horizontal principal stress ranges from 145-205 MPa. The orientation of the maximum horizontal principal stress intersects the fault strike at a small angle, with significant stress drops (exceeding 15% locally) observed in the fault zone compared to the surrounding rocks. ③ The effective normal stress on large-scale natural fracture surfaces ranges from 30-105 MPa, and shear stress ranges from 5-35 MPa, influenced by in-situ stress, fracture orientation, and formation pore pressure. ④ Through stress calculations, the ratio of shear stress to effective normal stress of natural fractures primarily ranges from 0.1-0.55, the critical injection pressure ranges from 92-204 MPa, and the fracture geomechanical activity index (FGAI) ranges from 0.2-0.8, with an average of 0.48. High-angle fractures exhibit higher activity and are activated first after fluid injection. ⑤ When the formation pressure reaches the fracture closure pressure, the fractures will alter the connectivity state between fracture-cavity reservoir bodies. To avoid stress sensitivity damage after fracture closure, cyclic injection and production can be implemented.
-
Key words:
- Tarim basin /
- Fuman oilfield /
- FⅠ17 fault zone /
- fracture /
- rock mechanics parameter /
- in-situ stress /
- geomechanics
-
图 2 FⅠ17断裂带平面分段（a）与典型剖面特征(b)
Fig. 2. Planar segmentation (a) and typical profile characteristics (b) of FⅠ17 fault zone
图 3 高温高压三轴压缩试验应力‒应变曲线
Fig. 3. Stress-strain curves of high-temperature and high-pressure triaxial compression test
图 4 纵波时差与密度关系
Fig. 4. Chart of the relationship between P-wave interval transit time and density
图 5 一维岩石力学参数(以W5井为例)
Fig. 5. 1D rock mechanics parameter diagram (a case study of well W5)
图 6 FⅠ17断裂带一间房组‒鹰山组岩石力学参数三维分布特征
Fig. 6. 3D Distribution characteristics of rock mechanical parameters of Yijianfang Formation-Yingshan Formation in FⅠ17 fault zone
图 7 单井地应力剖面(以W2井为例)
Fig. 7. Single-well in-situ stress profile (a case study of well W2)
图 8 成像测井识别井周水平主应力方向标志
Fig. 8. Logging image for identifying the direction of horizontal principal stress around boreholes
图 9 FⅠ17断裂带地应力场模拟结果
Fig. 9. Simulation results of the in-situ stress field in FⅠ17 fault zone
图 10 天然裂缝应力状态与应力敏感性机理简图
oo’为裂缝面外法线；θv、θH、θh分别为垂向主应力σv、水平最大主应力σH、水平最小主应力σh与裂缝面外法线的夹角；θ为裂缝倾角；β为裂缝走向与水平最大主应力σH的锐夹角；σn为正应力；τ为剪应力
Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of stress state and stress sensitivity mechanism of natural fractures
图 11 FⅠ17断裂带大尺度天然裂缝面有效正应力与剪应力分布
Fig. 11. Distribution of effective normal stress and shear stress on large-scale natural fracture surfaces in the FⅠ17 fault zone
图 12 FⅠ17断裂带大尺度天然裂缝活动性分布
Fig. 12. Distribution of fracture activity on large-scale natural fracture in the FⅠ17 fault zone
图 13 不同力学分段的储集体发育模型
Fig. 13. Development model diagram of reservoir bodies in different mechanical sub-segments
图 14 W4井（a）、W2井（b）与W506井（c）产能变化曲线
Fig. 14. Productivity variation curves: Well W4 (a), W2 (b) and W506 (c)
表 1 部分样品室内力学试验结果
Table 1. Results of indoor mechanical tests on some samples
样品编号 井号 深度（m） 层位 温度（℃） 围压（MPa） 杨氏模量（GPa） 泊松比(无因次) 差应力（MPa） 1 W32 7 409 O2y 150 140 36.4 0.27 395.2 2 W504-H2 8 229 O1‒2y 150 140 44.1 0.25 476.4 3 F302-H6 7 730 O1‒2y 150 140 46.9 0.28 407.4 4 W20 7 385 O2y 150 80 38.9 0.19 - 5 F304 7 983 O1‒2y 150 40 41 0.21 - 6 F304 8 039 O1‒2y 室温 130 32 0.21 - 
下载: 导出CSV
-
Akbar, S., Zhang, C. F., Qi, G. W., et al., 2025. Research on Precise Modeling of In-Situ Stress and Distribution Characteristics of Different Fault Zones in Shunbei Area. Well Logging Technology, 49(4): 593-605 (in Chinese with English abstract). Barton, C. A., Zoback, M. D., Moos, D., 1995. Fluid Flow along Potentially Active Faults in Crystalline Rock. Geology, 23(8): 683. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)0230683:ffapaf>2.3.co;2 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1995)0230683:ffapaf>2.3.co;2 Byerlee, J., Mjachkin, V., Summers, R., et al., 1978. Structures Developed in Fault Gouge during Stable Sliding and Stick-Slip. Tectonophysics, 44(1-4): 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(78)90068-9 Cai, Z. Z., Zhang, H., Xu, K., et al., 2024. Geomechanics Modeling of Ultra-Deep Fault-Controlled Carbonate Reservoirs and Its Application in Development. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 46(4): 868-879 (in Chinese with English abstract). Cai, Z. Z., Liu, J. S., Zhang, H., et al., 2025. Quantitative Prediction of In Situ Stress in Ultradeep Fracture-Cave Reservoirs and Its Applications. Journal of Earth Science, 36(6): 2598-2612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12583-024-0001-8 Chen, S., Liang, X. X., Zhang, Y. T., et al., 2025. Development Characteristics of Paleozoic Strike-Slip Fault and Its Control on Traps in Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 10(1): 1-15 (in Chinese with English abstract). Deng, X. L., Chang, S. Y., Liu, Z. L., et al., 2024. Concept, Geological Model and Seismic Characterization of Ultra-Deep Fault-Fracture Bodies. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 59(5): 1099-1110 (in Chinese with English abstract). Feng, J. W., Sun, Z. X., Wang, Y. D., et al., 2019. Study on Stress Sensitivity of Ordovician Fractures in Hetianhe Gas Field, Tarim Basin. Geological Journal of China Universities, 25(2): 276-286 (in Chinese with English abstract). Gardner, G. H. F., Gardner, L. W., Gregory, A. R., 1974. Formation Velocity and Density; The Diagnostic Basics for Stratigraphic Traps. Geophysics, 39(6): 770-780. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1440465 Han, J. F., Sun, C., Zhu, G. Y., et al., 2024. Spatial Structure Characterization Technology and Engineering Practice of Ultra-Deep Fault-Controlled Carbonate Reservoir. Strategic Study of CAE, 26(2): 255-268 (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.07.006 He, Z. L., Ma, Y. S., Zhu, D. Y., et al., 2021. Theoretical and Technological Progress and Research Direction of Deep and Ultra-Deep Carbonate Reservoirs. Oil & Gas Geology, 42(3): 533-546 (in Chinese with English abstract). Hou, L. L., Liu, X. J., Liang, L. X., et al., 2021. Investigation of Rock Mechanics and In-Situ Stress Characteristics of Bashijiqike Formation. Science Technology and Engineering, 21(10): 3894-3903 (in Chinese with English abstract). Huang, F. X., Wang, S. Y., Li, M. P., et al., 2024. Progress and Implications of Deep and Ultra-Deep Oil and Gas Exploration in PetroChina. Natural Gas Industry, 44(1): 86-96 (in Chinese with English abstract). Jiang, T. W., Deng, X. L., Cao, P., et al., 2024. Storage Space Types and Water-Flooding Efficiency for Fault-Controlled Fractured Oil Reservoirs in Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 45(2): 542-552 (in Chinese with English abstract). Jiang, T. W., Zhang, H., Wang, H. Y., et al., 2017. Effects of Faults Geomechanical Activity on Water Invasion in Kela 2 Gasfield, Tarim Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 28(11): 1735-1744 (in Chinese with English abstract). Lai, J., Bai, T. Y., Xiao, L., et al., 2023. Well-Logging Evaluation of In-Situ Stress Fields and Its Geological and Engineering Significances. Oil & Gas Geology, 44(4): 1033-1043 (in Chinese with English abstract). Li, B. Q., Wu, Z. Z., Wang, G., et al., 2025. Influence of Present-Day In Situ Stress on Deep and Ultradeep Carbonate Reservoir Distribution: A Case Study from the Upper Member of the Yingshan Formation in the S Area of the Tahe Oilfield, Tarim Basin, Northwestern China. ACS Omega, 10(16): 16506-16516. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c11157 Liu, J., Huang, C., Zhou, L., et al., 2024. Estimation of the Rock Mechanics and In-Situ Stress Parameters of Carbonate Reservoirs Using Array Sonic Logging: A Case Study of Shunbei No. 4 Block. Journal of Geomechanics, 30(3): 394-407 (in Chinese with English abstract). Liu, Q., Zhang, Y. T., Chen, S., et al., 2023. Development and Evolution Characteristics of Strike-Slip Faults in Tarim Basin and Its Geological Significance: A Case Study of FⅠ17 Fault in Fuman Oilfield. Geoscience, 37(5): 1123-1135 (in Chinese with English abstract). Lu, G. D., Yan, E. C., Wang, H. L., et al., 2013. Prediction on Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Carbonate Based on Geological Nature of Rock. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 43(6): 1915-1921, 1935 (in Chinese with English abstract). Song, X. G., Chen, S., Xie, Z., et al., 2023. Strike-Slip Faults and Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Eastern Part of Fuman Oilfield, Tarim Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 44(2): 335-349 (in Chinese with English abstract). Tian, Y. Y., Chen, Q., Wu, J., et al., 2024. Determination of the Fracture Closure Pressure in Fractural-Cavity Carbonate Reservoirs Using a Failure Criterion Based on Asperity Behavior. Frontiers in Earth Science, 12: 1518370. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2024.1518370 Wang, K., Dai, J. S., 2012. A Quantitative Relationship between the Crustal Stress and Fault Sealing Ability. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 33(1): 74-81 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wang, Q. H., 2023. Differential Deformation and Evolution Characteristics of the No. 17 Strike-Slip Fault Zone in the Tarim Basin. Geoscience, 37(5): 1136-1145 (in Chinese with English abstract). Wang, X. R., Li, C. L., Deng, J. X., et al., 2020. Seismic Petrophysical Properties of Yingshan-Formation Tight Carbonate Rock in Tarim Basin. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 39(5): 117-126 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xu, K., Cai, Z. Z., Zhang, H., et al., 2023. Geomechanical Modeling of Ultradeep Fault-Controlled Carbonate Reservoirs and Its Application: A Case of the Fuman Oilfield in Tarim Basin. Energy Science & Engineering, 11(10): 3332-3343. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1552 Xu, K., Liu, J. S., Zhang, H., et al., 2024. Geological and Engineering Applications of Full-Stratum Geomechanical Modeling in Complex Structural Areas. Earth Science Frontiers, 31(5): 195-208 (in Chinese with English abstract). Xu, K., Yang, H. J., Zhang, H., et al., 2022. Fracture Effectiveness Evaluation in Ultra-Deep Reservoirs Based on Geomechanical Method, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, NW China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 215: 110604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2022.110604 Xu, P., He, Z. H., Wen, X. T., et al., 2010. The Relationship between Compressional Wave Velocity and Density of Carbonate Reservoirs. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 32(6): 391-394, 541 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yan, H. R., Pan, Z. C., Zhang, B., et al., 2025. Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Nitrogen Injection Process Applied in the Fractured-Vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs after Waterflooding. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 10(3): 565-574 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yang, H. J., Deng, X. L., Zhang, Y. T., et al., 2020. Great Discovery and Its Significance of Exploration for Ordovician Ultra-Deep Fault-Controlled Carbonate Reservoirs of Well Manshen 1 in Tarim Basin. China Petroleum Exploration, 25(3): 13-23 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yang, H. J., Zhang, H., Yin, G. Q., et al., 2018. Geomechanics-Based Geology-Engineering Integration Boosting High-Efficiency Exploration of Fractured-Vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs—A Case Study on West Yueman Block, Northern Tarim Basin. China Petroleum Exploration, 23(2): 27-36 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yin, S., Ding, W. L., Wang, R. Y., et al., 2016. A New Prediction Method of Biot Coefficient for Marine-Land Transition Phase Tight Sandstone Reservoir Based on the Self-Adapt Method. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 55(6): 861-868 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yin, S., Zhang, Z. Y., Wang, R. Y., et al., 2025. Research Progress, Challenges, and Prospects of Reservoir Geomechanics in Deep and Ultra-Deep Oil and Gas Exploration in China. Natural Gas Industry, 45(4): 33-47 (in Chinese with English abstract). Yin, X. Y., Ma, N., Ma, Z. Q., et al., 2018. Review of In-Situ Stress Prediction Technology. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 57(4): 488-504 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang, G. J., Cheng, Q., Zhang, L., et al., 2025. Calculation of 3D Reservoir Rock Mechanical Parameters of Metamorphic Rock Reservoirs in the Bozhong 19-6 Gas Field of the Bohai Bay Basin and Their Significance. Earth Science, 50(2): 551-568 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang, H., Yin, G. Q., Wang, H. Y., 2019. Effects of Natural Fractures Geomechanical Response on Gas Well Productivity in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 30(3): 379-388 (in Chinese with English abstract). Zhang, Z. X., Hou, D. F., Aladejare, A., 2020. Empirical Equations between Characteristic Impedance and Mechanical Properties of Rocks. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 12(5): 975-983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2020.05.006 Zoback, M. D., 2007. Reservoir Geomechanics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 艾克拜尔·沙迪克, 张春福, 齐戈为, 等, 2025. 顺北地区地应力精细建模及不同断裂带分布特征研究. 测井技术, 49(4): 593-605. 蔡振忠, 张辉, 徐珂, 等, 2024. 超深层断控碳酸盐岩油藏地质力学建模及其在开发中的应用. 石油实验地质, 46(4): 868-879. 陈石, 梁鑫鑫, 张银涛, 等, 2025. 塔里木盆地富满油田古生界走滑断裂发育特征及控圈模式. 石油科学通报, 10(1): 1-15. 邓兴梁, 常少英, 刘志良, 等, 2024. 超深层"断裂破碎体"概念和地质模式及其地震表征方法. 石油地球物理勘探, 59(5): 1099-1110. 冯建伟, 孙致学, 王焰东, 等, 2019. 塔里木盆地和田河气田奥陶系裂缝应力敏感性研究. 高校地质学报, 25(2): 276-286. 韩剑发, 孙冲, 朱光有, 等, 2024. 超深断控碳酸盐岩油藏空间结构表征技术与工程实践. 中国工程科学, 26(2): 255-268. 何治亮, 马永生, 朱东亚, 等, 2021. 深层‒超深层碳酸盐岩储层理论技术进展与攻关方向. 石油与天然气地质, 42(3): 533-546. 侯连浪, 刘向君, 梁利喜, 等, 2021. 巴什基奇克组地层岩石力学及地应力特征. 科学技术与工程, 21(10): 3894-3903. 黄福喜, 汪少勇, 李明鹏, 等, 2024. 中国石油深层、超深层油气勘探进展与启示. 天然气工业, 44(1): 86-96. 江同文, 邓兴梁, 曹鹏, 等, 2024. 塔里木盆地富满断控破碎体油藏储集类型特征与注水替油效果. 石油与天然气地质, 45(2): 542-552. 江同文, 张辉, 王海应, 等, 2017. 塔里木盆地克拉2气田断裂地质力学活动性对水侵的影响. 天然气地球科学, 28(11): 1735-1744. 赖锦, 白天宇, 肖露, 等, 2023. 地应力测井评价方法及其地质与工程意义. 石油与天然气地质, 44(4): 1033-1043. 刘军, 黄超, 周磊, 等, 2024. 基于阵列声波测井估算碳酸盐岩储层岩石力学和地应力参数: 以顺北4号带为例. 地质力学学报, 30(3): 394-407. 刘强, 张银涛, 陈石, 等, 2023. 塔里木盆地走滑断裂发育演化特征精细解析及其地质意义: 以富满油田FⅠ17断裂为例. 现代地质, 37(5): 1123-1135. 鲁功达, 晏鄂川, 王环玲, 等, 2013. 基于岩石地质本质性的碳酸盐岩单轴抗压强度预测. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 43(6): 1915-1921, 1935. 宋兴国, 陈石, 谢舟, 等, 2023. 塔里木盆地富满油田东部走滑断裂发育特征与油气成藏. 石油与天然气地质, 44(2): 335-349. 王珂, 戴俊生, 2012. 地应力与断层封闭性之间的定量关系. 石油学报, 33(1): 74-81. 王清华, 2023. 塔里木盆地17号走滑断裂带北段差异变形与演化特征. 现代地质, 37(5): 1136-1145. 王向荣, 李潮流, 邓继新, 等, 2020. 塔里木盆地鹰山组致密碳酸盐岩地震岩石物理特征. 大庆石油地质与开发, 39(5): 117-126. 徐珂, 刘敬寿, 张辉, 等, 2024. 复杂构造区全层系地质力学建模及其地质与工程应用. 地学前缘, 31(5): 195-208. 许平, 贺振华, 文晓涛, 等, 2010. 碳酸盐岩地层密度与纵波速度关系研究. 石油天然气学报, 32(6): 391-394, 541. 严华荣, 潘昭才, 张宝, 等, 2025. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏水驱后注氮气驱油特征实验研究. 石油科学通报, 10(3): 565-574. 杨海军, 邓兴梁, 张银涛, 等, 2020. 塔里木盆地满深1井奥陶系超深断控碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探重大发现及意义. 中国石油勘探, 25(3): 13-23. 杨海军, 张辉, 尹国庆, 等, 2018. 基于地质力学的地质工程一体化助推缝洞型碳酸盐岩高效勘探: 以塔里木盆地塔北隆起南缘跃满西区块为例. 中国石油勘探, 23(2): 27-36. 尹帅, 丁文龙, 王濡岳, 等, 2016. 海陆过渡相致密砂岩储层Biot系数自适应预测方法研究. 石油物探, 55(6): 861-868. 尹帅, 张子阳, 王濡岳, 等, 2025. 中国深层/超深层油气勘探储层地质力学研究进展、挑战及展望. 天然气工业, 45(4): 33-47. 印兴耀, 马妮, 马正乾, 等, 2018. 地应力预测技术的研究现状与进展. 石油物探, 57(4): 488-504. 张冠杰, 程奇, 张雷, 等, 2025. 渤海湾盆地渤中19-6气田变质岩潜山储层三维岩石力学参数求取及意义. 地球科学, 50(2): 551-568. doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2023.195 张辉, 尹国庆, 王海应, 2019. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷天然裂缝地质力学响应对气井产能的影响. 天然气地球科学, 30(3): 379-388. -
点击查看大图
图(15) / 表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 235
- HTML全文浏览量: 11
- PDF下载量: 42
- 被引次数: 0
