Multi-Field Coupled Numerical Simulation of Porphyry Ore Formation Based on Simple Geometric Model
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摘要:
斑岩型矿床在全球范围内广泛分布，其成矿机制具有重要的科研价值.成矿过程数值模拟方法是研究岩浆‒热液成矿系统的重要方法，该方法能够定量、连续分析成矿作用过程，为矿化/蚀变时空分布、成矿流体迁移‒演化等问题提供解答.本研究建立了斑岩型矿床简单几何模型，并基于该模型开展了成矿过程多物理场（热‒流‒化‒质）耦合数值模拟研究.结果表明，在成矿模拟研究中使用简单几何模型具有可行性，对深部找矿靶区预测、解释大型‒超大型斑岩型矿床成因具有一定的启示意义；该方法不仅可以用来计算矿化空间分布并实现深部找矿预测，还可以通过不同的矿化分布形式来反推成矿时期的构造环境，从而更深入地研究古成矿环境等问题；此外，简单模型具有计算量少、人为影响微弱、可信度高等特点，能够在一些特定的成矿理论问题研究中发挥重要作用.
Abstract:Porphyry deposits are widely distributed in the world, and their mineralization mechanisms are of significant scientific research value. Numerical simulation is an important approach to quantitatively and continuously analyze the formation of ore deposits, revealing the temporal-spatial distribution of mineralization/alteration and migration-evolution of ore-forming fluids. This study established a simple geometric model of porphyry deposits, and conducted multi-field coupled (heat-transfer, fluid-flow, chemical reaction, diffusion) numerical simulation of its formation. Results show that using simple geometric models in metallogenic simulation research is feasible, which has certain enlightening significance for searching for deep prospecting targets and explaining the genesis of large and ultra-large porphyry deposits. This method can not only be used to calculate the spatial distribution of mineralization and achieve deep prospecting prediction, but also to infer the tectonic environment during the mineralization period through different forms of mineralization distribution, thereby enabling a deeper study of issues such as the ancient mineralization environment. In addition, simple models are characterized by low computational cost, minimal human influence, and high credibility, so they can play an important role in the study of some specific metallogenic theoretical issues.
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Key words:
- simple geometric model /
- porphyry deposit /
- ore formation /
- multi-field coupled /
- numerical simulation /
- big data
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图 1 斑岩系统深部岩体、源区、上覆火山岩空间关系及成矿作用示意
图a据Sillitoe（2010）；b.本研究建立的简单地质模型；c.经过剖分的简单地质模型
Fig. 1. Generalized schematic diagram showing the spatial relationship between porphyry Cu stocks, underlying plutons, overlaying comagmatic volcanic rocks and the lithocap environment
图 2 模型内部空间降温过程
a.模型内部空间整体降温动态过程；b.模型内部空间400~550 ℃区间动态变化过程
Fig. 2. The temperature reduction within the model space
图 3 模型内部空间流体迁移方向（a）；成矿金属元素移动轨迹（b）
Fig. 3. The fluid migration directions (a) and migration trajectory (b) of ore-forming metals
图 4 0~30 000年间模型内部空间成矿金属元素迁移轨迹
Fig. 4. The migration trajectory of ore-forming metals from 0 to 30 000 years
图 5 双侧压力相等情况下的模型内部空间成矿金属元素沉淀成矿过程及其空间分布
Fig. 5. The mineralization and spatial distribution of ore-forming metals precipitated within the model space under conditions of bilateral pressure equilibrium
图 6 双侧压力不相等情况下的模型内部空间成矿金属元素沉淀成矿过程及其空间分布
Fig. 6. The mineralization and spatial distribution of ore-forming metals precipitated within the model space under conditions of unequal bilateral pressure
图 7 模型与模拟结果对比
a.本研究；b.安徽茶亭斑岩型铜矿床，据Hu et al.（2020）；c.安徽朱冲富钴矽卡岩型铁矿床，据Hu et al.（2026）
Fig. 7. Comparison of models and simulation results
表 1 本研究使用的岩石物性参数（据Hu et al., 2020）
Table 1. The rock properties parameters used in this study (from Hu et al., 2020)
参数类型 密度(kg/m3) 比热容(J/(kg‧K)) 孔隙度 渗透率(10‒13m2) 导热系数(W/(m‧K)) 数值 2 560 820 0.18 30 2.8 
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