A Cloud-Edge-End Collaborative Architecture for Intelligent Operation and Maintenance of High-End Drilling Equipment
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摘要: 为提升深部钻探成套装备在极端工况下的安全可靠运行，面向集成自动化、数字化、多源传感与高可靠性设计的高端钻探装备，构建了“云-边-端”分布式协同的智能运维体系架构，提出钻探装备、数据采集、智能运维与数字孪生4层模块总体框架，设计基于MQTT与Kafka的数据流程，建立主题层级分类与消息体结构定义的数据建模策略，并采用边缘特征上报与云端按需采集机制以适应低带宽、高时延、间歇连接的网络条件. 该架构可支撑多源数据接入、跨井场统一部署与远程可视化交互，满足状态监测、故障诊断与预测性维护需求，为高端钻探装备智能运维平台设计与实现提供体系化参考.Abstract: To improve the safe and reliable operation of deep drilling equipment under extreme working conditions, this study focuses on high-end drilling equipment that integrates automated execution, digital control, multi-source sensing, and high-reliability design. A cloud-edge-end collaborative intelligent operation and maintenance (O&M) architecture is developed. The proposed architecture consists of four modules, namely the drilling equipment module, the data acquisition module, the intelligent O&M module, and the digital twin module. A data workflow based on MQTT and Kafka is designed. A data modeling strategy is established through hierarchical topic classification and message schema specification. An edge-side feature reporting mechanism and a cloud-side on-demand data acquisition mechanism are further introduced to cope with network conditions characterized by low bandwidth, high latency, and intermittent connectivity. The architecture supports multi-source data access, unified deployment across multiple drilling sites, and remote visualization and interaction. It meets the requirements of equipment condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, and predictive maintenance, and provides a systematic reference for the design and implementation of intelligent O&M platforms for high-end drilling equipment.
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图 1 高端钻探装备智能运维系统功能框架图
Fig. 1. Functional architecture of the intelligent operation and maintenance system for high-end drilling equipment
图 2 高端钻探装备智能运维系统总体结构图
Fig. 2. Overall architecture of the intelligent operation and maintenance system for high-end drilling equipment
图 3 高端钻探装备智能运维分层解耦“代理-消费”模型
Fig. 3. Layered and decoupled "broker-consumer" model for intelligent operation and maintenance system of high-end drilling equipment
图 5 MQTT消息携带JSON格式的数据示例图
Fig. 5. Example of an MQTT message carrying JSON-formatted data
图 6 智能运维模块云边端协同架构
Fig. 6. Cloud-edge-end collaborative architecture of the intelligent operation and maintenance module
表 1 数据建模的示例主题表
Table 1. Example MQTT topics for data modeling
主题 示例Topic 含义 QoS 钻井参数数据 drilling/GOM/RIG01/sensor/001/wob
drilling/GOM/RIG01/sensor/002/torque钻压
扭矩QoS 1
QoS 1井下测量数据 measurement/SC/RIG03/sensor/101/pressure
measurement/SC/RIG03/sensor/102/temperature环空压力
井底温度QoS 2
QoS 2循环系统数据 mud/GOM/RIG01/sensor/201/flowrate
mud/GOM/RIG01/sensor/202/density泥浆流量
泥浆密度QoS 0
QoS 1设备控制与执行类数据 control/SC/RIG03/pump/302/start
control/SC/RIG03/pump/302/stop泵启指令
泵停指令QoS 2
QoS 2安全报警类数据 alarm/GOM/RIG02/sensor/402/overpressure
alarm/GOM/RIG02/sensor/403/fire超压报警
火警报警QoS 2
QoS 2环境监测数据 environment/SC/RIG03/sensor/502/humidity
environment/SC/RIG03/sensor/503/wind湿度
风速QoS 0
QoS 0系统与网络运行数据 system/GOM/RIG01/controller/001/status
system/GOM/RIG01/logger/001/log系统运行状态
系统运行日志QoS 1
QoS 0
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