Comparative Analysis of Eastern Continental Mixed Sedimentary Shale Reservoirs and Shale Oil Enrichment Patterns
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摘要: 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段与苏北盆地阜二段页岩储层是我国东部典型混积页岩型储层，虽均具有多源供烃、源‒储共存、烃类向优势层微运移的共性特征，但在埋藏方式、热演化程度、岩相发育、储集性等方面存在显著差异，制约了混积页岩型储层页岩油富集模式的深化研究.本文以上述两套典型陆相混积页岩储层为研究对象，在系统梳理前人研究方法与认识的基础上，综合运用多种实验技术方法开展储层差异对比研究，解析页岩油富集机制，厘清页岩油富集模式.结果表明，埋藏方式通过控制矿物组成与沉积构造类型影响储层基础特征，Ro不仅决定含油性及赋存特征，还通过热演化持续改造储集空间类型.储集空间差异控制烃类微运移方向，而周缘纹层的含油性及烃类占比则影响微运移的启动与强度.进一步揭示两研究区优势岩相的页岩油富集模式：渤南洼陷沙三下亚段以“泥生灰储”和“泥生砂储”为主，苏北盆地阜二段以“泥生云储”和“泥生砂储”为主.适宜的成熟度、充足的有机质供给、较高的大孔占比及良好的孔缝系统是页岩油富集的核心控制因素.满足上述条件的纹层组合内部存在烃类调配效应——轻质游离烃可微运移至邻近具备富集条件的纹层，并在纹层内横向运移至大孔中赋存.本文构建的页岩油富集模式为混积页岩储层的类比评价提供了可行框架，深化了源‒储耦合控制下页岩油富集高产机理的认识.Abstract: The Lower Es3 sub-member (Bonan subsag) and Fu2 member (Subei basin) represent typical mixed sedimentary shale reservoirs in eastern China. They share common characteristics such as multi-source hydrocarbon supply, source-reservoir coexistence, and micro-migration of hydrocarbons to dominant layers. However, they also exhibit significant differences in burial mode, thermal evolution degree, lithofacies development, and reservoir properties, which have restricted the in-depth study of shale oil enrichment patterns in continental mixed sedimentary shale reservoirs.This study selected the two sets of typical continental mixed shale reservoirs as research objects. Based on a systematic review of previous research methods and findings, a variety of experimental techniques were comprehensively employed to conduct comparative studies on reservoir differences and analyze enrichment mechanisms, thereby clarifying the shale oil enrichment patterns.The results show follows. ①Burial mode affects the basic reservoir characteristics by controlling mineral composition and sedimentary structure types. ②Vitrinite reflectance (Ro) not only determines oil-bearing property and occurrence characteristics, but also continuously modifies reservoir space types through thermal evolution. ③ Differences in reservoir space control the direction of hydrocarbon micro-migration, while the oil-bearing property and hydrocarbon proportion of surrounding laminae affect the initiation and intensity of micro-migration. Furthermore, the shale oil enrichment patterns of dominant lithofacies in the two study areas are revealed: the Lower Es3 sub-member (Bonan subsag) is dominated by "mud-generating and limestone-storing" and "mud-generating and sand-storing" modes, while Fu2 member (Subei basin) is characterized by "mud-generating and dolomite-storing" and "mud-generating and sand-storing" modes.Appropriate maturity, sufficient organic matter supply, high macropore proportion, and a well-developed pore-fracture system are the core controlling factors for shale oil enrichment. A hydrocarbon allocation effect exists within lamina assemblages that meet the above conditions-light free hydrocarbons can micro-migrate to adjacent laminae with enrichment potential and then migrate laterally into macropores for accumulation. The shale oil enrichment pattern constructed in this study provides a feasible framework for the analogy evaluation of mixed sedimentary shale reservoirs and deepens the understanding of the enrichment and high-yield mechanism of shale oil under source-reservoir coupling control.
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图 1 渤南洼陷古近系‒新近系、苏北盆地白垩系‒新近系区域构造图与综合地层柱状图
a.济阳坳陷区域构造图；b.渤南洼陷区域构造图，修改自林兴悦等（2025）；c.苏北盆地区域构造图，修改自高玉巧等（2024）；d.渤南洼陷古近系‒新近系综合地层柱状图，修改自张建国等（2021）；e.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段陆相混积页岩储层垂向展布及分层特征图（以YY1-2VF井为例），修改自林兴悦等（2025）；f.苏北盆地白垩系‒新近系综合地层柱状图，修改自严泽宇等（2024）；g.苏北盆地阜二段陆相混积页岩储层垂向展布及分层特征图（以QY1井为例），修改自高玉巧等（2024）
Fig. 1. Regional structural maps and integrated stratigraphic columns of the Paleogene-Neogene (Bonan subsag) and Cretaceous-Neogene (Subei basin)
图 2 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段和苏北盆地阜二段页岩岩相命名方案
Fig. 2. Lithofacies nomenclature system of shales in the Lower Es3 sub-member (Bonan subsag) and Fu2 member (Subei basin)
图 3 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段和苏北盆地阜二段岩相划分要素差异对比
a.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段陆相混积页岩矿物组成特征图；b.苏北盆地阜二段陆相混积页岩矿物组成特征图；c.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段陆相混积页岩沉积构造特征图；d.苏北盆地阜二段陆相混积页岩沉积构造特征图；e.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段陆相混积页岩有机质丰度特征图；f.苏北盆地阜二段陆相混积页岩有机质丰度特征图
Fig. 3. Comparison of lithofacies classification elements between the Lower Es3 sub-member (Bonan subsag) and Fu2 member (Subei basin)
图 4 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段页岩主要岩相特征
Fig. 4. Key lithofacies characteristics of shales in the Lower Es3 sub-member, Bonan subsag
图 5 苏北盆地阜二段页岩主要岩相特征
Fig. 5. Key lithofacies characteristics of shales in the Fu2 member, Subei basin
图 6 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段页岩主要储集空间类型
a.晶间孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔、黏土矿物片间孔，见黏土有机质复合体和有机质条带，局部发育有机质边缘孔，富有机质纹层状碳酸盐质页岩，YY1-1VF井，埋深4 718.70 m，渤南洼陷沙三下亚段；b.晶间孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔、黏土矿物片间孔，局部发育有机质边缘孔，富有机质块状碳酸盐质页岩，YY1-1VF井，埋深4 799.84 m，渤南洼陷沙三下亚段；c.晶间孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔、黏土矿物片间孔，见黏土有机质复合体和有机质条带，局部发育有机质内部孔，富有机质纹层状碳酸盐质混合页岩，BY5-1HF井，埋深3 753.50 m，渤南洼陷沙三下亚段；d.晶间孔、晶间缝、粒间孔、溶蚀孔、黏土矿物片间孔，见黏土有机质复合体和有机质条带，局部发育有机质边缘孔，富有机质纹层状‒层状碳酸盐质混合页岩，YY1-1VF井，埋深4 699.10 m，渤南洼陷沙三下亚段；e.粒间孔、溶蚀孔、黏土矿物片间孔，见有机质碎片，局部发育有机质边缘孔，富有机质纹层状‒层状长英质混合页岩，BY5-1HF井，埋深3 825.30 m，渤南洼陷沙三下亚段；f.晶间缝、粒间孔、粒缘缝、溶蚀孔、黏土矿物片间孔，见有机质碎片，局部发育有机质内部孔，含有机质层状‒块状黏土质混合页岩，BY5-1HF井，埋深3 753.50 m，渤南洼陷沙三下亚段
Fig. 6. Dominant pore types of shales in the Lower Es3 sub-member, Bonan subsag
图 7 苏北盆地阜二段页岩主要储集空间类型
a.黏土矿物片间孔、晶间孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔，见黏土有机质复合体和有机质条带，局部发育有机质边缘孔，含有机质纹层状‒层状碳酸盐质页岩，QY2井，埋深3 671.50 m，苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜二段Ⅲ亚段；b.晶间孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔、黏土矿物片间孔，局部发育有机质边缘孔，含有机质层状‒块状碳酸盐质混合页岩，HY7井，埋深4 252.54 m，苏北盆地高邮凹陷阜二段Ⅰ亚段；c.晶间孔、黏土矿物片间孔、粒缘缝、溶蚀孔，多见黏土有机质复合体，贫有机质层状‒块状长英质页岩，HY1井，埋深3 555.75 m，苏北盆地海安凹陷阜二段Ⅰ亚段；d.晶间孔、黏土矿物片间孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔，局部发育有机质内部孔，贫有机质纹层状‒层状长英质混合页岩，HY201-4井，埋深3 904.44 m，苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜二段Ⅰ亚段；e.粒间孔、晶间缝、黏土矿物收缩缝，多见有机质碎片，局部发育有机质边缘孔，含有机质纹层状‒层状黏土质页岩，HY1井，埋深3 370.58 m，苏北盆地海安凹陷阜二段Ⅲ亚段；f.黏土矿物片间孔、粒间孔、多见有机质碎片，含有机质层状‒块状黏土质混合页岩，HY201-4井，埋深3 910.57 m，苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜二段Ⅰ亚段
Fig. 7. Dominant pore types of shales in the Fu2 member, Subei basin
图 8 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段和苏北盆地阜二段不同岩相页岩储集性差异特征
a.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段页岩总孔隙度；b.苏北盆地阜二段页岩总孔隙度；c.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段页岩累计孔容；d.苏北盆地阜二段混积页岩累计孔容；e.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段页岩比表面积；f.苏北盆地阜二段页岩比表面积；g.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段页岩孔径分布；h.苏北盆地阜二段页岩孔径分布
Fig. 8. Reservoir heterogeneity of shales across differing lithofacies: A comparative analysis in the Lower Es3 sub-member (Bonan subsag) and Fu2 member (Subei basin)
图 9 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段和苏北盆地阜二段不同岩相页岩储层页岩油富集条件综合评价图
a.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段和苏北盆地阜二段不同岩相页岩富集评价指标得分情况雷达图；b.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段和苏北盆地阜二段不同岩相页岩富集评价指标总分柱状图
Fig. 9. Comprehensive evaluation of shale oil enrichment criteria of shales across differing lithofacies: A case study in the Lower Es3 sub-member (Bonan subsag) and Fu2 member (Subei basin)
图 10 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段和苏北盆地阜二段优势岩相页岩油赋存特征
Fig. 10. Shale oil occurrence characteristics of dominant lithofacies in the Lower Es3 sub-member (Bonan subsag) and Fu2 member (Subei basin)
图 11 研究区优势岩相纹层组合样式及烃类赋存‒富集模式对比
a.渤南洼陷沙三下亚段页岩优势岩相纹层组合样式及烃类赋存‒富集模式；b.苏北盆地阜二段页岩优势岩相纹层组合样式及烃类赋存‒富集模式
Fig. 11. Comparison of predominant lithofacies lamina association patterns and hydrocarbon occurrence-enrichment models in the study area
表 1 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段和苏北盆地阜二段混积页岩储层成岩作用对比
Table 1. Comparative analysis of diagenetic processes in continental mixed sedimentary shale reservoirs: Bonan subsag (theLower Es3 sub-member) vs. Subei basin (Fu2 member)
成岩作用 研究层系 渤南洼陷沙三下亚段 苏北盆地阜二段 有机质热演化作用 Ro约为0.7%~1.2%，生油主峰，有机酸中强‒强 Ro约为0.9%~1.1%，生烃活跃期，有机酸强 重结晶作用 方解石微亮晶化，孔隙度降低，抗压强度提升 自生石英、方解石重结晶，孔隙度降低 白云石化作用 无Mg2+来源，鲜少发生 局部白云石化，脆性增加，垂向渗透率降低 溶蚀作用 中强（有机酸与断裂深部流体），次生孔占比提升 强（有机酸主导），次生孔占比大幅提升 压实作用 强（快速埋藏），孔隙度大幅降低 中等（缓埋藏），孔隙度小幅降低 胶结作用 长英质与方解石混合胶结，局部堵塞孔隙，孔隙度小幅降低 碳酸盐胶结主导，非均质性强 黏土矿物转化作用 转化期，塑性较强 转化后期，微裂缝发育，渗透率增强 
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表 2 页岩富集特征评价
Table 2. Evaluation of shale enrichment characteristics
评价指标 评价原则 赋分 定性评价 定量评价 有机质丰度 富有机质 TOC > 2% 20 含有机质 1%≤TOC≤2% 15 贫有机质 TOC < 1% 10 沉积构造 纹层状 纹层厚度 < 1 cm 20 纹层状‒层状 纹层厚度≤10 cm 16 层状 1 cm≤纹层厚度≤10 cm 12 层状‒块状 纹层厚度≥1 cm 8 块状 纹层厚度 > 10 cm 4 总孔隙度 高 总孔隙度 > 6% 20 较高 5%≤总孔隙度≤6% 15 中 4%≤总孔隙度 < 5% 10 累计孔容 高 累计孔容 > 15 mm3/g 20 中 10 mm3/g≤累计孔容≤15 mm3/g 15 低 累计孔容 < 10 mm3/g 10 孔径分布 好 宏孔占比 > 40% 20 较好 宏孔占比 > 30% 16 中等 介孔及宏孔占比 > 80% 12 差 微孔占比 > 20% 8
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表 3 页岩富集模式综合对比
Table 3. Comprehensive comparative of shale enrichment patterns
研究区 研究层系 岩相 代号 埋藏深度(m) Ro(%) 含油性 储集性 储集空间类型 富集位置 富集模式 渤南洼陷 沙三下亚段 富有机质纹层状碳酸盐质混合页岩 L3 3 700~4 700 0.9~1.1 极好 好 晶间孔、层理缝、溶蚀孔 亮晶方解石纹层/微晶方解石纹层 泥生灰储 富有机质纹层状‒层状碳酸盐质混合页岩 L4 3 650~4 200 极好 极好 富有机质纹层状‒层状长英质混合页岩 L5 4 200~4 400 极好 极好 粒间孔、溶蚀孔 长英质纹层 泥生砂储 苏北盆地 阜二段 含有机质纹层状‒层状碳酸盐质页岩 L7 3 400~3 700 好 好 晶间孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔、构造缝 云质纹层 泥生云储 贫有机质纹层状‒层状长英质混合页岩 L10 3 800~4 200 中等 好 粒间孔、黏土矿物片间孔、溶蚀孔 长英质纹层 泥生砂储 含有机质纹层状‒层状黏土质页岩 L11 3 700~4 150 好 极好
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