二叠纪-三叠纪之交火山活动沉积示踪综述

张志华; 欧阳庆龙; 林雯洁; 王心乾; 何倩; 沈俊

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2026.073

二叠纪-三叠纪之交火山活动沉积示踪综述

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.073

中国地质大学(武汉)地质微生物与环境全国重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430078

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 U25D9024

国家自然科学基金项目 92479203

详细信息

作者简介:
张志华（1999-），男，博士研究生，从事西伯利亚大火成岩省玄武岩风化沉积响应及其气候环境意义的研究. ORCID：0009-0004-3136-2239. E-mail：zhangzhihua0221@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
沈俊，ORCID: 0000-0003-3759-6533. E-mail: shenjun@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P595;P597;P532
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-15
- 刊出日期: 2026-07-25

Sedimentary Proxies of Volcanism across Permian-Triassic Transition: A Review

State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China

摘要

摘要: 二叠纪-三叠纪之交发生了剧烈的气候环境扰动，并伴随着显生宙以来最大的一次生物大灭绝事件.该时期发生了剧烈的火山活动，被认为是引起此次生态系统危机的主要触发机制.由于环境和生物信息保存丰富的沉积岩中缺乏有效的火山活动记录，开展该时期高精度的火山活动-环境扰动-生物危机的因果关系研究一直是学术界的难点.破解该难点的关键在于如何在保存丰富的沉积岩中示踪古火山活动记录.以二叠纪-三叠纪之交强烈火山活动为典型案例，综述古火山沉积记录示踪指标在地层中的记录，包括火山熔岩和火山灰凝灰岩、挥发组分（碳、汞、硫等）及非挥发组分（铜、锌、镍、锇、锶、铂族等元素）等.结果表明，各项指标在该时期地层中均有显著的记录，指示火山喷发对地表元素循环产生剧烈的影响.同时，探讨了各项指标的优势性与局限性，为进一步开展深时火山示踪研究提供借鉴，并展望了该领域未来研究方向.
- 火山活动 /
- 地球化学指标 /
- 二叠纪-三叠纪之交 /
- 生物大灭绝 /
- 金属同位素 /
- 汞记录 /
- 黑色页岩 /
- 地球化学
Abstract: The Permian-Triassic transition was characterized by severe climatic and environmental perturbations, accompanied by the largest mass extinction event in the Phanerozoic. The Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province, the largest continental large igneous province in Earth history, is widely considered to be the ultimate trigger of this ecological crisis. However, although sedimentary rocks preserve abundant environmental and biological signals, they generally lack direct records of volcanic activity, which has long hindered high-resolution investigations of the causal relationships among volcanism, environmental perturbations, and biotic crises during this interval. A critical challenge, therefore, lies in tracing signals of ancient volcanic activity within sedimentary successions. Taking the intense volcanism at the Permian-Triassic boundary as a representative case, this study reviews volcanic proxies preserved in stratigraphic records, including volcanic lava and ash (tuff) layers, volatile components (e.g., carbon, mercury, and sulfur), and non-volatile components (e.g., metallic elements such as copper, zinc, and nickel). The results indicate that these proxies exhibit pronounced signals saddle the Permian-Triassic boundary strata, suggesting that volcanic eruptions exerted significant impacts on surface elemental cycles. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of different proxies are evaluated, providing a reference for future deep-time volcanic tracing studies and offering perspectives on future research directions.
- volcanism /
- geochemical proxies /
- Permian-Triassic /
- mass extinction /
- metal isotope /
- mercury record /
- black shale /
- geochemistry

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图 1 二叠纪‒三叠纪之交火山‒环境‒时间研究

火山活动修改自殷鸿福等（1989）、Burgess et al.（2014）；陆地风化Sr同位素数据来自Song et al.（2015）；碳循环数据来自Payne et al.（2004）、Xie et al.（2007）、Shen et al.（2011a）；温度变化数据来自Sun et al.（2012）；海水氧化还原数据来自Zhang et al.（2018）；陆地植物数据来自Yu et al.（2015）、Xu et al.（2022）；海洋动物数据来自Chen et al.（2012）

Fig. 1. Integrated volcanism-environment-time framework across the Permian-Triassic boundary

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 二叠纪‒三叠纪之交火山岩分布

a. 二叠纪‒三叠纪之交环特提斯域酸性岛弧火山空间分布，修改自Chapman et al.（2022）；b. 西伯利亚大火成岩省空间分布，修改自Burgess et al.（2017）；c. 二叠纪‒三叠纪之交华南酸性火山灰空间分布，修改自Xie et al.（2010）和Shen et al.（2021）

Fig. 2. Distribution of volcanic rocks across the Permian-Triassic transition

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图 3 全球二叠纪‒三叠纪之交碳同位素研究剖面古地理分布以及典型盆地数据

a. 全球二叠纪‒三叠纪之交碳同位素研究剖面古地理分布图，其中剖面投点颜色代表碳同位素负偏幅度，实线描边代表测试无机碳同位素数据，虚线描边代表测试有机碳同位素数据，图中研究剖面参考文献见附件；二叠纪‒三叠纪之交古地理图据 http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/，© 2016 Colorado Plateau Geosystems Inc. b. 选取的6个经典二叠纪‒三叠纪之交研究剖面的碳同位素数据投图，其中蓝色阴影代表的无机、有机碳同位素负偏区间

Fig. 3. Global paleogeographic distribution and trends of carbon isotope across the Permian-Triassic boundary

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图 4 全球二叠纪‒三叠纪之交汞和汞同位素研究剖面古地理分布以及典型盆地数据

a. 全球二叠纪‒三叠纪之交汞和汞同位素研究剖面古地理分布图，研究剖面参考文献见附件，古地理图据 http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/，© 2016 Colorado Plateau Geosystems Inc. b. 选取的4个经典二叠纪‒三叠纪之交研究剖面的汞及其同位素数据投图，其中蓝色阴影代表的汞富集以及Δ¹⁹⁹Hg波动区间，4个剖面的数据来源于Shen et al.（2023）

Fig. 4. Global paleogeographic distribution and trends of Hg and Hg isotope across the Permian-Triassic boundary

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 西伯利亚大火成岩省玄武岩元素丰度

图中所用西伯利亚大火成岩省玄武岩地球化学数据来自GeoRock数据库，上地壳值（Upper Continental Crust，UCC）值来自Taylor and McLennan（1985），横坐标元素按从左到右相容性增加排序，纵坐标代表西伯利亚大火成岩省与UCC的元素比值，每个箱线图下面的数字代表所用数据个数.其中蓝色虚线代表西伯利亚大火成岩省玄武岩元素接近UCC值，红色虚线代表西伯利亚大火成岩省元素相对UCC出现两倍富集，其中V、Ca、Cu、Sc、Mn、Fe、Ti、Co、Mg、Cr和Ni等元素为红色字体，代表其在西伯利亚大火成岩省玄武岩中显著富集于UCC值

Fig. 5. Element abundances of the Siberia Trap large igneous province basalt

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图 6 全球二叠纪‒三叠纪之交镍、铜、锌及其同位素研究剖面古地理分布与典型盆地数据

a. 二叠纪‒三叠纪之交镍、铜、锌及其同位素研究剖面古地理分布图，研究剖面参考文献见附件，古地理图据 http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/，© 2016 Colorado Plateau Geosystems Inc. b. 选取的3个经典二叠纪‒三叠纪之交研究剖面的金属元素及其同位素数据投图，其中蓝色阴影代表的金属元素富集及其同位素异常变动区间，其中加拿大剖面Ni及其同位素数据来源Li et al.（2021）；华南煤山剖面Zn及其同位素数据来源Liu et al.（2017）；华南鲁贝剖面Cu及其同位素数据来源Zhang et al.（2021）

Fig. 6. Global paleogeographic distribution and trends of Ni, Cu, Zn and isotopes across the Permian-Triassic boundary

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图 7 火山活动释放组分沉积记录模式

Fig. 7. Conceptual diagram of sedimentary recording patterns for volcanically released components

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表 1 不同火山示踪指标的综合比较与适用性

Table 1. Comparative evaluation and applicability of different volcanic proxies

指标类型	优势	局限性	适用沉积环境
火山灰（黏土岩）、熔岩	直接记录、可定年	保存不连续，主要分布在火山喷发口附近	海陆相
碳同位素	高分辨率、全球对比性强	成因多解	海陆相
Hg浓度及其同位素	高分辨率、全球对比性强	来源多样	海陆相
S、卤族元素	大气传输，全球对比性强	海水缓冲作用强，信号不敏感	陆相
Ni、Cu、Zn等浓度及同位素	响应明显	火山喷发口附近记录明显，受地表过程影响显著	海陆相
¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os，⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr	全球对比性强	时间尺度长、端元假设依赖	海相

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