Re-Evaluation of Source Rocks in Mature Exploration Areas of Super Basins and Its Exploration Significance: A Case Study of Es3 Source Rock in Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 为了研究超级盆地渤海湾盆地成熟探区南堡凹陷沙三段优质源岩的地球化学特征及其成藏贡献.基于烃源岩有机碳、热解、有机元素、镜质体反射率等数据评价烃源岩生烃潜力，基于烃源岩和原油GC-MS实验和生烃潜力评价结果，描述源岩分子地球化学，建立定量生标参数图版确定沙三段烃源岩成藏贡献，根据烃源岩测井评价、地震预测结合盆地模拟确定资源潜力，研究表明，南堡凹陷沙三段烃源岩有机质丰度高，为一套优质烃源岩，有机质类型主要为Ⅱ1型，该套烃源岩现今为成熟‒高成熟阶段，以生轻质油和凝析油气为主；运用生物标志物参数C24-四环萜烷/C26三环萜烷与C30 4-甲基甾烷/C29规则甾烷图版可以较好区分南堡凹陷四套主力烃源岩.油气源对比表明，环林雀次凹和环曹妃甸次凹深层沙三段和古生界潜山主要来自沙三段烃源岩贡献；高柳断层以南曹妃甸次凹和林雀次凹深层火山碎屑岩油气藏、洼槽区深层沙一段和沙三段构造岩性和岩性油气藏、奥陶系残丘潜山和寒武系内幕潜山是有利勘探领域，另外，南部斜坡带沙三段烃源岩埋藏和热演化适中，发育深水咸水湖相碳酸质纹层，可动油含量高，是页岩油勘探有利区带.Abstract: To investigate the geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation contribution of high-quality source rocks in the Sha-3 Member of the mature exploration area in the Nanpu sag, Bohai Bay basin, a typical superimposed basin, this study evaluates the hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rocks based on data including total organic carbon (TOC), pyrolysis, organic elemental analysis, and vitrinite reflectance (Ro). Molecular geochemistry of the source rocks is characterized using GC-MS analysis of source rocks and crude oils, combined with hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation results. The quantitative oil-source correlation is established using biomarker parameter cross-plots to determine the accumulation contribution. Resource potential is assessed by integrating source rock logging evaluation, seismic prediction, and basin modeling. Research indicates that the Es3 source rock in the Nanpu sag possesses high organic matter abundance, classifying it as a set of high-quality source rocks. The organic matter type is predominantly Type Ⅱ1. Currently, this source rock suite is in the mature to high-mature stage, primarily generating light oil and condensate. Using biomarker parameter cross-plots, specifically C24 tetracyclic terpane/C26 tricyclic terpane versus C30 4-methylsterane/C29 regular sterane, effectively distinguishes the four sets of main source rocks in the Nanpu sag. Oil-source correlation demonstrates that the oil in the deep Es3 and Paleozoic buried hills surrounding the Linque and Caofeidian sub-sags is primarily sourced from the Es3 source rocks. Favorable exploration targets include deep volcaniclastic rock reservoirs south of the Gaoliu fault within the Caofeidian and Linque sub-sags, deep structural-lithological and lithological reservoirs in the Es1 and Es3 members within the trough zones, and Ordovician residual hill buried hills and Cambrian internal buried hills. Additionally, the Es3 source rocks in the southern slope zone have moderate burial depth and thermal evolution, and contain developed deep-water saline lacustrine carbonate laminae with high movable oil content, making this zone a favorable play for shale oil exploration.
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Key words:
- Nanpu sag /
- Es3 Member /
- high-quality source rock /
- oil-source correlation /
- accumulation contribution /
- shale oil /
- petroleum geology
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图 2 南堡凹陷沙三段烃源岩总有机碳(TOC)和生烃潜量(S1+S2)关系
Fig. 2. Correlation diagram of total organic carbon (TOC) and hydrocarbon generation potential (S1+S2) of the Third Member of Shahejie Formation in Nanpu sag
图 3 南堡凹陷沙三段烃源岩干酪根类型有机元素H/C和O/C判识
Fig. 3. Diagram for identifying kerogen types of source rocks in the Third Member of Shahejie Formation in Nanpu sag based on organic elemental H/C and O/C ratios
图 4 南堡凹陷沙三段烃源岩成熟度(Ro)与深度关系
Fig. 4. Relationship of maturity and depth of the Es3 source rocks in Nanpu sag
图 5 南堡凹陷主力烃源岩甾烷、萜烷特征
TT=三环萜烷（C19-C29）；Ts=18α，-22，29，30-三降藿烷；Tm=17α，-22，29，30-三降藿烷；29=17α，21β-30-降藿烷；30=17α（H），21β（H）-藿烷；31~35=C31-C3517α（H），21β（H）-藿烷；γ=伽马蜡烷；20=孕甾烷；21=升孕甾烷；D27=C27重排甾烷；S27=C27规则甾烷，S28=C28规则甾烷，S29=C29规则甾烷
Fig. 5. Characteristics of steranes and terpanes of source rocks in Shahejie Formation, Nanpu sag
图 6 南堡凹陷烃源岩(a)与油藏(b)C24四环萜烷/C26三环萜烷与C30 4-甲基甾烷/∑C29规则甾烷交汇图
C24TeT/C26TT：C24四环萜烷/C26三环萜烷；C30 4-MST/∑S29：C30 4-甲基甾烷/∑C29规则甾烷
Fig. 6. Cross-plot of C24-tetracyclic terpane/C26-tricyclic terpane and C30 4-methylsterane/∑C29 regular sterane between source rocks (a) and reservoirs (b) in Nanpu sag
图 7 南堡凹陷沙三段烃源岩TOC测井预测
a.曹妃甸次凹NP*-80井烃源岩TOC预测结果；b. 林雀次凹NP*-L1井烃源岩TOC预测结果
Fig. 7. TOC logging prediction of source rocks in the Third Member of the Shahejie Formation in Nanpu sag
图 8 南堡凹陷沙三段烃源岩有效烃源岩厚度等值线图(a)与成熟度（RO）等值线(b)
Fig. 8. Contour maps of effective source rock thickness (a) and source rock maturity (RO) (b) of the Third Member of the Shahejie Formation in Nanpu sag
图 10 南堡凹陷沙三段烃源岩热演化史与生烃史
a.烃源岩热演化史；b. 烃源岩生油史；c. 烃源岩生气史
Fig. 10. Thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history of source rocks in the Third Member of Shahejie Formation in Nanpu sag
图 11 南堡凹陷深层油气有利勘探领域分布
Fig. 11. Distribution map of favorable exploration areas for deep oil and gas in the Nanpu sag
图 12 南堡凹陷井沙三段页岩油综合评价
a.NP*-80井；b. NP*-08井
Fig. 12. Comprehensive evaluation map of shale oil in the Es3 Membe of Shahejie Formation, Nanpu sag
表 1 南堡凹陷烃源岩有机地球化学参数
Table 1. Organic geochemical parameters of source rocks in the Nanpu sag
生烃次凹 井号 层系 深度(m) TOC(%) S1(mg/g) S2(mg/g) S1+S2(mg/g) S1/(S1+S2) HI OSI Ro(%) C23TT/C24TeT C24TeT/C26TT C30*/C30H MST γ/C30H Pr/Ph 林雀 NP*-80 Es3 3 688.8 0.86 0.17 0.39 0.56 0.30 45 20 2.67 0.52 0.16 0.19 0.85 0.94 林雀 NP*-L1 Es3 5 899 1.67 0.63 2.59 3.22 0.20 155 38 1.45 2.33 0.47 0.08 0.20 0.14 2.18 林雀 NP*-11 Es3 4 184 1.68 0.78 2.35 3.13 0.25 140 46 1.09 林雀 NP*-4 Es3 4 340 1.82 1.03 8.01 9.04 0.11 440 57 4.35 0.68 0.08 0.27 0.25 1.75 林雀 NP*-4 Es3 4 108.6 2.44 1.84 8.55 10.39 0.18 350 75 林雀 NP*-58 Es3 4 845 1.71 1.41 3.02 4.43 0.32 176 83 1.33 曹妃甸 NP*-80 Es3 4 011.50 1.60 0.98 2.07 3.05 0.32 129 62 2.73 0.45 0.31 0.17 0.36 1.40 曹妃甸 NP*-80 Es3 4 011.87 2.70 0.94 2.51 3.45 0.27 93 35 1.06 曹妃甸 NP*-80 Es3 4 216 1.37 0.57 2.11 2.68 0.21 154 42 0.97 2.99 0.37 0.44 0.25 0.16 0.97 曹妃甸 NP*-80 Es3 4 246 1.69 0.82 2.30 3.12 0.26 136 48 0.99 3.47 0.32 0.62 0.35 0.21 0.89 曹妃甸 NP*-08 Es3 4 522.44 2.43 1.84 2.57 4.41 0.42 106 76 1.13 曹妃甸 NP*-08 Es3 4 530.5 2.32 1.48 1.99 3.47 0.43 86 64 1.17 曹妃甸 NP*-82 Es3 4 730.0 2.21 0.95 3.96 4.91 0.19 179 43 0.98 4.91 0.27 1.38 0.45 0.38 0.73 曹妃甸 NP*-82 Es3 4 706.0 2.13 0.46 3.60 4.06 0.11 169 22 0.92 5.39 0.31 0.85 0.38 0.20 1.59 曹妃甸 NP*-88 Es3 4 478 2.9 2.86 0.59 0.07 0.21 0.36 1.41 曹妃甸 NP*-88 Es3 4 372 1.58 0.32 1.02 1.90 0.24 65 20 0.91 1.34 0.20 0.22 0.19 0.08 1.26 曹妃甸 NP*-88 Es3 4 421 2.33 0.94 2.53 3.27 0.27 109 40 0.94 1.20 0.26 0.14 0.27 0.07 1.29 曹妃甸 NP*-1 Es3 3 869 2.33 1.76 4.31 4.09 0.29 185 76 0.87 2.86 0.59 0.07 0.26 0.11 1.56 曹妃甸 NP*-G2 Es3 5 106 2.15 0.50 1.66 2.65 0.23 77 23 1.37 3.67 0.74 0.10 0.21 0.15 1.32 拾场 G*-9 Es3 4 440 1.03 0.30 1.91 1.33 0.14 185 29 0.67 3.85 0.61 0.06 0.28 0.26 0.77 拾场 G*-9 Es3 4 570 1.11 0.25 1.96 1.36 0.11 177 23 0.69 3.54 0.52 0.08 0.35 0.28 0.94 拾场 G*-10 Es4 4 046 4.09 3.34 22.13 25.47 0.13 541 82 1.33 1.03 0.04 0.95 0.04 0.84 拾场 G*-9 Es4 4 657 4.71 1.42 24.33 25.75 0.06 517 30 0.68 1.24 1.33 0.10 0.64 0.05 0.56 林雀 G*-21 Es1 4 107.53 1.73 1.64 3.61 5.25 0.31 209 95 0.74 1.36 0.29 0.14 0.09 1.62 NP*-5 Es1 3 799 1.14 0.25 2.92 3.17 0.08 256 22 0.68 1.11 1.18 0.11 0.11 0.08 1.93 曹妃甸 NP*-G2 Es1 4 418 2.51 1.06 3.90 4.96 0.21 155 42 1.14 2.08 1.28 0.61 0.19 0.14 2.24 林雀 NP*-65 Ed3 4 198.89 1.79 2.12 8.65 10.77 0.20 483 118 0.74 0.52 1.96 0.09 0.14 0.04 1.87 NP*-21 Ed3 4 506.22 1.58 1.05 5.27 6.32 0.17 334 66 0.96 0.39 2.05 0.07 0.20 0.03 1.78 曹妃甸 NP*-57 Ed3 4 100 1.98 1.20 7.02 8.22 0.15 355 61 0.97 0.81 3.62 0.07 0.18 0.08 1.07 NP*-57 Ed3 4 295 2.36 1.20 7.99 9.19 0.13 339 51 1.05 0.87 2.17 0.09 0.22 0.10 1.05 
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