Research on the Shear Thickening Response Characteristics of Intelligent Plugging Drilling Fluid under Solid-Liquid Invasion Conditions
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摘要: 钻井液漏失不仅损失大量钻井液还会导致孔壁失稳等事故.为明确实际钻井中存在的地层粘土矿物和水侵入对智能堵漏钻井液剪切增稠响应规律，选用纳米二氧化硅和聚乙二醇制备剪切增稠流体（STF），通过SEM、氮气吸脱附和比重瓶法表征纳米二氧化硅；通过挤压流动测试、稳态剪切测试表征STF增稠特性；设计伊利石、高岭石和蒙脱石侵入量0、1.8%、3.6%、5.4%和7.2%，水侵入量为0、2%、4%、6%和8%的试验. 结果表明高岭石和伊利石侵入会导致STF最大粘度下降79.8%和72.9%；而5.4%蒙脱石侵入导致STF增稠强度增大了56.4%. 8%水侵会显著稀释-抑制STF增稠特性，剪切增稠强度下降99.6%. 为剪切增稠型智能堵漏钻井液的应用提供了理论参考.Abstract: Drilling fluid loss results in significant material wastage and can lead to severe accidents such as borehole instability. To elucidate the effects of formation clay minerals and water intrusion on the shear thickening response of smart plugging drilling fluids, shear thickening fluids (STFs) were prepared using nano-silica and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The nano-silica was characterized by SEM, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and the balance bottle method.The STFs were characterized via squeeze flow and steady-state shear tests. Experiments were designed involving the intrusion of illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite at concentrations of 0, 1.8%, 3.6%, 5.4%, and 7.2%, as well as water intrusion at 0, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. The results indicate that the intrusion of kaolinite and illite reduced the maximum viscosity of the STF by 79.8% and 72.9%, respectively, due to the interlayer slippage effect. In contrast, the intrusion of 5.4% montmorillonite increased the thickening intensity of the STF by 56.4%. However, 8% water intrusion significantly diluted and inhibited the thickening characteristics of the STF, causing a 99.6% decrease in shear thickening intensity. This study provides a theoretical reference for the application of shear-thickening-based smart plugging drilling fluids.
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Key words:
- smart materials /
- shear thickening fluid /
- plugging /
- rheology /
- clay minerals /
- drilling
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图 4 300 nm、500 nm二氧化硅制备的STF稳态剪切流变曲线
Fig. 4. Steady-state shear rheological curves of STF prepared with 300 nm and 500 nm silica
图 5 不同挤压速度下STF法向应力与板间距关系
a. 300 nm二氧化硅；b. 500 nm二氧化硅
Fig. 5. Relationship between normal stress and gap distance of STF at different squeeze speeds
图 7 （a）不同纳米二氧化硅体积分数STF的流变曲线；（b）体积分数与流变参数的关系
Fig. 7. (a) Rheological curves of STF with different silica volume fractions; (b) Relationship between volume fraction and rheological parameters
图 8 （a）高岭石侵入的STF流变曲线；（b）高岭石侵入与流变参数的关系; （c）伊利石侵入的STF流变曲线；（d）伊利石侵入与流变参数的关系
Fig. 8. (a) Rheological curves of STF with kaolinite intrusion; (b) Relationship between kaolinite intrusion and rheological parameters; (c) Rheological curves of STF with illite intrusion; (d) Relationship between illite intrusion and rheological parameters
图 9 片状粘土矿物侵入后STF最大表观粘度下降机理示意图
Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of the reduction mechanism of maximum apparent viscosity of STF after flaky clay mineral intrusion
图 10 (a) 蒙脱石侵入的STF流变曲线；（b）蒙脱石侵入与流变参数的关系
Fig. 10. (a) Rheological curves of STF with montmorillonite intrusion; (b) Relationship between montmorillonite intrusion and rheological parameters
图 11 蒙脱石侵入的双重作用机制示意图
Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of the dual-action mechanism of montmorillonite intrusion
图 12 (a) 水侵入的STF流变曲线；（b）水侵入与流变参数的关系
Fig. 12. (a) Rheological curves of STF with water intrusion; (b) Relationship between water intrusion and rheological parameters
图 13 水侵对STF体系的“宏观稀释”与“微观润滑”作用机理图
Fig. 13. Mechanism diagram of "macroscopic dilution" and "microscopic lubrication" effects of water intrusion on the STF system
表 1 STF增稠特性影响因素试验参数表
Table 1. Experimental parameters of factors affecting the thickening characteristics of STF
自变量 纳米二氧化硅粒径（nm） 纳米二氧化硅体积分数（%） 伊利石侵入量（%） 高岭石侵入量（%） 蒙脱石侵入量（%） 水侵入量（%） 变量梯度 300 54 0.0 0.0 500 56 1.8 2.0 / 59 3.6 4.0 / 61 5.4 6.0 / / 7.2 8.0 测试方法 稳态剪切流变测试、挤压流动测试 稳态剪切流变测试 
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表 2 纳米二氧化硅颗粒表征参数
Table 2. Characterization parameters of nanosilica
纳米二氧化硅粒径 比表面积（m2/g） 颗粒密度（g/cm3） 300 nm 180 1.98 500 nm 170 1.82
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