Source-Reservoir Configuration and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Scale of Buried Hills in Central-Southern Bohai Sea Area
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摘要: 渤海海域中南部潜山类型多样且油气勘探潜力巨大，但不同潜山的油气富集规模差异显著，其主控因素有待明确.源‒储配置关系是控制油气高效成藏与富集规模的核心.本研究综合利用地震、地质与地球化学资料，系统剖析了研究区不同构造位置潜山的源‒储配置特征及其对成藏规模的控制作用.根据潜山与烃源岩的空间耦合关系、输导体系及储层发育特征，将潜山划分为源储叠置型、源储侧接型与远源输导型三类.研究表明：源储叠置型潜山，多位于洼陷区，虽然埋藏较深，但具有近油源、源储压差大与“源盖一体”的优质保存条件，成藏效率最高，是发现特大型油气田的最优配置；源储侧接型潜山，常位于斜坡带/低凸起，具有多源供烃、立体输导与较好储盖组合的特征，可形成大中型油气田；而远源输导型潜山，多处于凸起区，虽然埋藏较浅，但因油源距离远、源储压差小、输导效率低及保存条件差，勘探风险较高.研究建立了基于源‒储配置的潜山分类与评价模式，指出洼陷区至斜坡带中源储叠置型与源储侧接型潜山是下步勘探的有利区域，这为“超级盆地”洼陷区规模潜山油气田的勘探部署提供了重要理论依据与决策指导.Abstract: The central-southern Bohai Sea area develops diverse types of buried hills with substantial petroleum exploration potential. However, the scale of hydrocarbon accumulation varies significantly among different buried hills, and the key controlling factors remain to be clarified. The source-reservoir configuration is the core element controlling efficient hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment scale. This study systematically analyzes the source-reservoir configuration characteristics of buried hills in different structural positions within the study area and their control on accumulation scales by integrating seismic, geological, and geochemical data. Based on the spatial coupling relationship between buried hills and source rocks, migration pathways, and reservoir development characteristics, the buried hills are classified into three types: source-reservoir superimposed, source-reservoir lateral-connected, and distal-source transported types. The results indicate that source-reservoir superimposed buried hills, typically located in sag areas, exhibit the highest accumulation efficiency due to their proximity to source rocks, large source-reservoir pressure differential, and superior preservation conditions characterized by "source-caprock integration", securing their optimal configuration for discovering giant oil and gas fields. Source-reservoir lateral-connected buried hills, often situated in slope zones/low uplift, feature multiple source rock contributions, three-dimensional migration pathways, and favorable reservoir-seal assemblages, facilitating the formation of medium to large oil and gas fields. In contrast, distal-source transported buried hills, predominantly found in uplift areas, despite their shallow burial depths, present high exploration risks due to long migration distances from source rocks, small source-reservoir pressure differentials, low migration efficiency, and poor preservation conditions. This study establishes a buried hill classification and evaluation model based on source-reservoir configuration, identifying source-reservoir superimposed and lateral-connected buried hills in sag to slope zones as favorable targets for subsequent exploration. The findings provide an important theoretical basis and decision-making guidance for the exploration deployment of large-scale buried hill oil and gas fields in sag areas of "Super basins".
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图 1 渤海海域潜山勘探区域（a）和地层综合柱状图（b）
Fig. 1. Exploration area map of buried hills in the Bohai Sea area (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column (b)
图 2 渤海海域沙三段烃源岩厚度分布
Fig. 2. Thickness distribution map of source rocks of the third member of Shahejie Formation in the offshore Bohai Bay area
图 3 渤海海域太古界潜山成储模式
Fig. 3. Reservoir-forming pattern map of Archaean buried hills in the offshore Bohai Bay area
图 4 渤海海域古生界潜山成储模式
Fig. 4. Reservoir-forming pattern map of Paleozoic buried hills in the offshore Bohai Bay area
图 5 渤海海域中生界潜山成储模式
Fig. 5. Reservoir-forming pattern map of Mesozoic buried hills in the offshore Bohai bay area
图 6 渤海海域中南部源‒储配置关系与潜山类型划分
Fig. 6. Source-reservoir configuration relationship and buried hill classification in the central-southern offshore Bohai bay area
图 7 渤中19-6潜山成藏模式
剖面位置见图 1a图A‒A’剖面
Fig. 7. Reservoir-forming pattern map of the Bozhong 19-6 buried hill
图 10 曹妃甸12-2潜山成藏模式
剖面位置见图 1a图D‒D’剖面
Fig. 10. Reservoir-forming pattern map of the CFD12-2 buried hill
图 11 源‒储压差与油藏高度的关系
Fig. 11. Relationship between source-reservoir pressure differential and hydrocarbon column height
表 1 渤海潜山三种典型储层特征对比
Table 1. Comparison of characteristics of three typical reservoir types in Bohai buried hills
表 2 渤海中南部不同源‒储对接关系潜山分类
Table 2. Buried hill classification by different source-reservoir connection relationships in the central-southern offshore Bohai bay area
潜山类型 构造区带 顶面埋深 构造位置 与烃源岩距离 运移通道 源储叠置 凹陷内部 > 3 500 m 低位潜山 垂向 < 2 km 断裂+不整合面 源储侧接 斜坡带/低凸起 2 000~3 500 m 中位潜山 侧接2~5 km 断裂+不整合面 远源输导 凸起区 < 2 000 m 高位潜山 > 5 km 以不整合面为主 
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表 3 潜山源储配置类型及其成藏特征
Table 3. Types of source-reservoir configuration and their reservoir-forming characteristics of buried hills
源储配置类型 源储叠置型潜山 源储侧接型潜山 远源输导型潜山 构造位置 洼陷区：低位潜山 斜坡带/低凸起：中位潜山 凸起区：高位潜山 成藏模式 源储叠置‒超压驱动型（规模成藏最佳配置） 源储侧接‒超压浮力驱动（中‒大型油田有利目标） 远源输导‒浮力主导型（高风险勘探目标） 源储配置 烃源岩直接“包裹”潜山，油源极近. 源储侧接：烃源岩与潜山侧向接触. 远源：油源距离远. 源储压差 大于10 MPa 2~10 MPa 小于2 MPa 动力 核心动力：烃源岩强超压驱动，油气短距离、高效率充注. 复合动力：超压与浮力复合驱动，通过断面等侧向运移，常具多源、多期充注特点. 动力不足：以浮力为主，缺乏强超压驱动，运移路径复杂、效率低. 保存条件 最优：上覆厚层烃源岩本身即为优质盖层，“源盖一体”，封闭性好. 较好：依赖上覆区域盖层和侧向封堵条件. 差：顶部盖层条件通常较差，经历多期构造抬升，油气易散失. 典型案例 渤中19-6（变质岩）渤中8-3S（火山岩） 渤中26-6（变质岩、碳酸盐岩）曹妃甸2-2（碳酸盐岩） 曹妃甸1-6（变质岩）曹妃甸12-2（变质岩）
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