洞庭湖漂尾洲的百年演变及驱动机制

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2026.106

洞庭湖漂尾洲的百年演变及驱动机制

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.106

邹聪^1,2,
余姝辰^1,2, ,,
邹娟^1,2,
龙欢^1,2,
赵动¹,
孟朝¹,
贺秋华¹

1. 湖南省自然资源事务中心, 长沙 410004;
2. 洞庭湖区生态环境遥感监测湖南省重点实验室, 长沙 410004

基金项目:

湖南省自然科学基金项目(No.2024JJ8320)，湖南省科技人才托举工程“年轻优秀科技人才培养计划”（No.2023TJ-N16)共同资助

详细信息

作者简介:
邹聪（1992-），女，工程师，自然资源与国土空间生态遥感监测.E-mail:447497563@qq.com,ORCID:0009-0008-3205-0949

通讯作者:
余姝辰（1990-），女，博士、高级工程师，水工环地质和国土空间生态遥感监测.E-mail:22581400@qq.com

中图分类号: P237
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-02-28
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-13

Centennial Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of Piaoweizhou in Dongting Lake

ZOU Cong^1,2,
YU Shuchen^{1,2
, ,},
ZOU Juan^1,2,
LONG Huang^1,2,
ZHAO Dong¹,
MENG Chao¹,
He Qiuhua¹

1. Hunan Center of Natural Resources Affairs, Changsha Hunan 410004, China;
2. Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Monitoring of Ecological Environment in Dongting Lake Area, Changsha Hunan 410004, China

摘要

摘要: 洞庭湖洲滩的快速扩张是导致湖泊萎缩、蓄洪能力下降及湿地生态问题加剧的关键因素。本研究基于1924年以来12个时段的历史地图与多源航天航空遥感数据，综合运用遥感解译与历史地貌对比方法，系统分析了东洞庭湖最大洲滩——漂尾洲近百年的时空演变过程。结果表明：1924—2024年，漂尾洲呈舌状形态持续向东北方向的君山、城陵矶一带推进，面积由78.21 km²扩展至494.23 km²，年均净增4.16 km²。其演化过程具有显著的阶段性特征： 1924—1944年为快速扩张期； 1944—2004年为持续缓慢扩张期； 2004—2024年则呈现微弱萎缩态势。漂尾洲的发育演化受多重因素耦合控制：南洞庭湖来流经狭窄通道进入东洞庭湖后水域突然展宽的水文格局，是塑造其形态与扩展方向的水动力基础；流域来沙及其选择性淤积是洲滩发育的物质条件；而20世纪以来大规模的堤垸围垦与21世纪初期的湖砂开采等人类活动，则是近20年洲滩由扩张转为萎缩的主要驱动因子。研究结果为洞庭湖洲滩湿地保护修复与水沙调控决策提供了关键的历史基础数据与科学支撑。
- 历史地图 /
- 遥感技术 /
- 洞庭湖 /
- 漂尾洲 /
- 时空演变 /
- 驱动机制
Abstract: (Background)The rapid expansion of the Dongting Lake wetlands is a key factor leading to lake shrinkage, decreased flood storage capacity, and exacerbated wetland ecological issues. (Methods)Based on historical maps from 12 time periods since 1924 and multi-source aerospace and aviation remote sensing data, this study comprehensively utilizes remote sensing interpretation and historical geomorphological comparison methods to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal evolution process of Piaoweizhou, the largest wetland island in East Dongting Lake, over the past century. (Results)The results indicate that from 1924 to 2024, Piaoweizhou has continuously advanced in a tongue-like shape towards the Junshan and Chenglingji areas in the northeast, expanding from 78.21 km² to 494.23 km², with an average annual net increase of 4.16 km². Its evolution process exhibits significant phased characteristics: rapid expansion from 1924 to 1944; continuous slow expansion from 1944 to 2004; and a slight shrinkage trend from 2004 to 2024. The development and evolution of Piaoweizhou are controlled by multiple factors: the hydrological pattern where the water from South Dongting Lake enters East Dongting Lake through a narrow channel and then suddenly widens, which serves as the hydrodynamic foundation shaping its morphology and expansion direction; sediment supply from the basin and its selective deposition, which provide the material conditions for wetland island development; and human activities such as large-scale dike reclamation since the 20th century and lake sand mining in the early 21st century, which are the main driving factors for the wetland island's transition from expansion to shrinkage in the past 20 years. (Conclusion)The research results provide crucial historical basic data and scientific support for the protection, restoration, and water-sediment regulation decisions of Dongting Lake wetlands.
- Historical maps /
- remote sensing technology /
- Dongting Lake area /
- piaoweizhou /
- spatiotemporal evolution /
- driving Mechanisms

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