Control of Hydrocarbon Accumulation by Inverted Structure of Central Anticline Belt in Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin
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摘要: 西湖凹陷在中新世期间发生了强烈的构造反转，因此揭示其与油气成藏的耦合作用尤为重要.该研究利用三维地震、录井和测井等资料，并采用多方法定量评估构造反转的强度.结果表明：中央背斜带的凹‒隆转换显著，背斜核部发育近EW向的横张正断层，早期NNE-NE向的正断层受到挤压反转发生活化，形成正反转断层，并且根据反转正断层特征划分出八种反转构造样式.通过褶皱波幅比、断裂分形及断层反转率等评价方法，明确中央背斜带的反转强度呈现出北强‒南弱的特征，基于此建立了4种成藏模式：Ⅰ型：弱反转‒继承性活化断砂耦合控藏模式；Ⅱ型：中强反转‒高强度调整型深层局部富集模式；Ⅲ型：强反转‒接力式纵向多层系局部富集模式；Ⅳ型：强反转‒未贯穿型规模富集模式.深化了对西湖凹陷构造反转背景下油气成藏机理的认识，为类似盆地的勘探提供了指导意义.Abstract: The Xihu Depression underwent significant tectonic inversion during the Miocene, underscoring the importance of elucidating its coupling effects with hydrocarbon accumulation. This study utilizes various data, including 3D seismic, well logging, and employs multiple methods for a quantitative assessment of tectonic inversion intensity. The results indicate that the depression-uplift transition in the central anticline zone is pronounced, featuring the development of near EW extensional normal faults in the shallow anticline core, while early NNE-NE trending normal faults underwent activation through compressional inversion. Based on the characteristics of inversion normal faults, eight types of inverted structural styles have been classified. Through quantitative evaluations using fold amplitude ratios, fracture fractals, and fault inversion rates, it established that the central anticline belt exhibits a north-strong and south-weak pattern of tectonic inversion intensity, based on which four characteristic hydrocarbon accumulation models were established: Type I: fault-sand coupling under weak structural inversion; Type II: deep localized enrichment driven by intensive structural adjustment under moderate-to-strong inversion; Type III: vertical multi-stratigraphic enrichment facilitated by relay-style faulting under strong inversion; Type IV: large-scale enrichment preserved by non-penetrating faults under strong tectonic inversion. This research enhances the understanding of hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms within the context of tectonic inversion in the Xihu Depression and provides valuable insights for exploration in analogous basins.
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图 1 东海盆地西湖凹陷构造纲要图
Fig. 1. Structural scheme of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin
图 2 东海盆地西湖凹陷构造演化示意图（据刘金水等，2020修改）
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram illustrating the tectonic evolution of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin
图 3 东海盆地西湖凹陷地层综合柱状图
Fig. 3. Comprehensive stratigraphic histogram of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin
图 4 东海盆地西湖凹陷中央背斜带构造反转运动前后构造特征
a.T21界面16 Ma前古构造特征；b.T21界面现今构造特征；c.IL2521测线；d.IL8741测线
Fig. 4. Structural characteristics before and after tectonic inversion of the central anticline belt in Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin
图 5 东海盆地西湖凹陷中央背斜带构造断陷期断裂体系(T30界面)发育特征和NW-SE方向地震剖面图
a.T30地震反射界面; b.II8741测线; c.I15321测线; d.IL721测线
Fig. 5. Development characteristics of the fault system during the rifting period(T30) in the central anticline zone of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin and seismic profiles in the NW-SE direction
图 6 东海盆地西湖凹陷中央背斜带构造反转期断裂体系(T16界面)发育特征和SW-NE方向地震剖面图
a.T16地震反射界面; b.XL3188测线; c.XL2628测线; d.XL2868测线
Fig. 6. Development characteristics of the fault system during the tectonic inversion period (T16) in the central anticline zone of the Xihu Depression, East China Sea Basin and seismic profiles in the SW-NEdirection
图 8 西湖凹陷中央背斜带反转构造样式
Fig. 8. The inversion tectonic pattern of the central anticline belt in Xihu Depression
图 9 构造反转强度定量计算方法示意图
a. 反转褶皱波幅比；b. 断裂分形维数；c. 断层反转率
Fig. 9. Scheme of the method for calculating tectonic inversion intensity
图 10 西湖凹陷中央背斜带不同构造带反转强度综合对比分析
a.T21界面16 Ma前古构造特征；b.不同构造带反转褶皱波幅比；c.NNE向断裂断距特征；d.不同构造带EW向断裂分形维数特征
Fig. 10. Comprehensive comparative analysis diagram of the inversion intensity of different tectonic zones in the central anticline belt of the Xihu Depression
图 11 西湖凹陷中央背斜带局部断裂尺度内构造反转强度综合分析图
a.不同构造带主要断裂反转率计算结果；b.不同构造带典型断裂位移‒距离图
Fig. 11. Comprehensive analysis diagram of the inversion intensity at the scale of local faults in the central anticline belt of the Xihu Depression
图 12 西湖凹陷中央背斜带构造反转作用对背斜规模及油气汇聚的耦合关系
a. 现今T21界面背斜发育特征及油气运移路径；b.反转褶皱波幅比与单井油气显示厚度关系散点图；c.不同构造带单井油气显示厚度综合柱状图与反转褶皱波幅比折线图
Fig. 12. Coupling relationship diagram between tectonic inversion effects on the scale of anticline and hydrocarbon accumulation in the central anticline belt of the Xihu Depression
图 13 西湖凹陷中央背斜带构造反转作用对东西向断裂发育及油气富集的耦合关系
a. 现今T21界面背斜发育特征与EW向断裂发育关系；b. 主要EW向断裂断距特征（测线号见图 5）；c. 典型单井花上段与龙井组气层显示厚度；d. 典型单井花上段与花下段气层及气水同层含气饱和度散点图
Fig. 13. Coupling relationship diagram between tectonic inversion effects on the development of east-west strike faults and hydrocarbon accumulation in the central anticline belt of the Xihu Depression
图 14 西湖凹陷中央背斜带不同构造带东西向断裂及油气分布特征
Fig. 14. Characteristics of East-West strike faults and hydrocarbon distribution of different tectonic zones in the central anticline belt of the Xihu Depression
图 15 西湖凹陷中央背斜带构造反转控制下的断层活化与油气运移、聚集耦合关系
a.GOI指数与断层反转率散点图；b.单井油气显示厚度与断层反转率散点图；c.低断层反转率的B-3井油气显示特征；d.高断层反转率的E-2井油气显示特征
Fig. 15. Coupling relationship diagram between fault activation and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation controlled by tectonic inversion in the central anticline belt of the Xihu Depression
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