Analysis of Fault-Moho Characteristics and Prediction of Hydrocarbon-Rich Sags in Bohai Bay Basin Based on Gravity Data
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摘要: 渤海湾盆地作为叠置在古生代华北克拉通坳陷之上的新生代陆内裂谷盆地，处于三大构造域交接中心，其含油气性与地壳结构密切相关. 基于渤海湾盆地的重力数据，系统分析了盆地断裂体系、基底与莫霍面分布特征，并通过主成分分析（PCA）对59个凹陷的油气富集潜力进行定量评价.研究表明，盆地断裂具有多向发育、分级控制、深浅耦合特征，其形成受“地幔热伸展‒板块边界走滑”双动力源协同驱动；莫霍面与基底呈显著镜像响应关系，海域莫霍面平均深度（33.5 km）显著浅于陆域（42.1 km），结晶地壳厚度呈现“陆域厚（36.7 km）、海域薄（25.3 km）”的空间分异特征；渤中凹陷作为盆地内地幔隆起与地壳拉伸减薄的核心区域，油气富集潜力综合评分达1.00，位列所有凹陷之首.依据油气富集综合评分，将59个凹陷划分为四类勘探靶区，其中Ⅰ-Ⅲ类凹陷（含渤中、东营、饶阳、惠民等27个凹陷）为油气勘探有利区域，Ⅳ类凹陷（32个）因深部构造活动微弱、成藏条件受限，勘探价值较低. 本研究成果不仅揭示了渤海湾盆地深部地壳结构与油气富集的关联机制，更为该盆地及全球同类陆内裂谷盆地的油气资源精准勘探提供了重要的深部地质依据与技术支撑.Abstract: As a Cenozoic intracontinental rift basin superimposed on the Paleozoic North China Craton depression, the Bohai Bay basin is located at the junction center of three major tectonic domains, where its hydrocarbon potential is closely related to the crustal structure. Based on the gravity data of the Bohai Bay basin, this study systematically analyzes the fault system of basin, basement characteristics, and Moho discontinuity distribution, and quantitatively evaluates the oil and gas enrichment potential of 59 sags using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show that the faults of basin are characterized by multi-directional development, hierarchical control, and deep-shallow coupling, with their formation synergistically driven by the dual dynamic sources of "mantle thermal extension and plate boundary strike-slip movement". The Moho discontinuity exhibits a significant mirror response relationship with the basement: the average depth of the Moho in the marine area (33.5 km) is significantly shallower than that in the continental area (42.1 km), and the crystalline crust thickness shows a spatial differentiation feature of "thicker in the continental area (36.7 km) and thinner in the marine area (25.3 km)". As the core area of mantle uplift and crustal stretching-thinning in the basin, the Bozhong sag achieved a comprehensive score of 1.00 for oil and gas enrichment potential, ranking first among all sags. According to the comprehensive enrichment score, the 59 sags were classified into four types of exploration targets. Among them, Type Ⅰ-Ⅲ sags (including 27 sags such as Bozhong, Dongying, Raoyang, and Huimin) are favorable for oil and gas exploration, while Type Ⅳ sags (32 sags) have low exploration value due to weak deep tectonic activity and limited reservoir-forming conditions. The findings of this study not only reveal the correlation mechanism between deep crustal structure and oil-gas enrichment in the Bohai Bay basin but also provide important deep geological basis and technical support for the precise exploration of oil and gas resources in this basin and similar intracontinental rift basins worldwide.
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Key words:
- Bohai Bay basin /
- fault /
- Moho characteristics /
- crustal characteristics /
- hydrocarbon-rich sag /
- tectonics /
- petroleum geology
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图 1 渤海湾盆地地形高程及构造单元
Fig. 1. Topographic elevation and structural units of the Bohai Bay basin
图 2 渤海湾盆地及邻域布格重力异常
Fig. 2. Bouguer gravity anomalies in the Bohai Bay basin and its adjacent areas
图 3 渤海湾盆地断裂识别结果
a.凹陷级断裂识别；b.渤海湾盆地断裂体系
Fig. 3. Fault identification results of the Bohai Bay basin
图 4 渤海湾盆地沉积层结构特征
a.沉积层底面（基底）深度；b.沉积层厚度
Fig. 4. Structural characteristics of the sedimentary layer in the Bohai Bay basin
图 9 莫霍面及地壳拉张因子
a.莫霍面拉张因子；b.地壳拉张因子
Fig. 9. Moho stretching factor and crustal stretching factor
图 10 各凹陷内部莫霍面深度及地壳厚度的统计结果
a.各凹陷内部莫霍面深度的统计结果；b.各凹陷内部地壳厚度的统计结果
Fig. 10. Statistical results of Moho depth and crustal thickness inside each sag
图 11 渤海湾盆地海域凹陷莫霍面最小值统计对比
Fig. 11. Statistical comparison of Moho minimum values in offshore sags of the Bohai Bay basin
图 12 各凹陷内部莫霍面及地壳拉张因子的统计结果
a.各凹陷内部莫霍面拉张因子的统计结果；b.各凹陷内部地壳拉张因子的统计结果
Fig. 12. Statistical results of the Moho stretching factor and crustal stretching factor inside each sag
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