Occurrence Forms of Antimony in Geothermal Waters of Different Genesis and Its Controlling Factors and Indicative Significance
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摘要: 为理解不同类型地热水中总锑及锑形态的分布特征、主控因素及其指示意义，选择云南腾冲热海、龙陵邦腊掌和广东诸地热区，系统对比了存在壳内岩浆囊且接受岩浆流体输入、存在壳内岩浆囊但未接受岩浆流体输入、不存在壳内岩浆囊3类地热系统中地热水的总锑和各锑形态含量并分析了其主控因素.结果表明：总锑含量与地热水成因密切相关；而硫化物的富集及偏高的pH是硫代锑酸盐形成的关键条件.总体来看，地热水中锑形态分布受控于其地球化学环境，对地热系统成因有一定指示意义：未形成硫代锑酸盐的地热水几乎不可能接受岩浆流体直接输入，但无论有无岩浆流体输入，地热水中均可能因富集硫化物而形成硫代锑酸盐.Abstract: To understand the distribution characteristics, controlling factors and significance of total antimony and antimony species in different types of geothermal water, geothermal areas in Tengchong Rehai and Longling Banglazhang in Yunnan, as well as various geothermal areas in Guangdong, were selected. this study systematically compared the concentration of total antimony and antimony species, along with their controlling factors, across three distinct geothermal system scenarios: those with intra-crustal magma chamber receiving magmatic fluid input; those with intra-crustal magma chamber but without magmatic fluid input; and those without intra-crustal magma chamber. The results indicate that total antimony content is related to the genesis of geothermal water; meanwhile, enrichment of sulfide coupled with elevated pH constitutes a critical prerequisite for formation of thioantimonate. Overall, the distribution of antimony species in geothermal water is controlled by the geochemical environment of the geothermal system and provides some indication of the genesis of geothermal systems: for geothermal waters lacking thioantimonate, direct magmatic fluid input can be ruled out, however, both magmatically influenced and unaffected geothermal waters may yield thioantimonate in sulfide-rich environment.
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Key words:
- antimony /
- thioantimonate /
- geothermal water /
- environmental geology
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图 1 研究区地质图与采样点分布
Fig. 1. Geological map of the study area and distribution of sampling points
图 2 热海酸性/中碱性地热水、邦腊掌地热水与广东地热水的PCoA图(椭圆代表 95%置信区间)
Fig. 2. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plot of acidic/moderately alkaline geothermal waters from Rehai versus those from Banglazhang and Guangdong (ellipses denote 95% confidence intervals)
图 3 热海酸性/中碱性地热水、邦腊掌地热水与广东地热水的piper三线图
Fig. 3. Piper diagrams of acidic/moderately alkaline geothermal waters from Rehai versus those from Banglazhang and Guangdong
图 4 热海酸性/中碱性地热水、邦腊掌地热水和广东地热水部分水化学特征及特征组分箱线图
**表示在0.01级别相关性显著；*表示在0.05级别相关性显著
Fig. 4. Box plots of selected water chemistry characteristics and key constituents for acidic/moderately alkaline geothermal waters from Rehai versus those from Banglazhang and Guangdong
图 5 热海酸性/中碱性地热水、邦腊掌地热水和广东地热水的Na-K-Mg三角图
Fig. 5. Na-K-Mg triangular diagram of acidic/moderately alkaline geothermal waters from Rehai versus those from Banglazhang and Guangdong
图 6 热海酸性/中碱性地热水、邦腊掌地热水与广东地热水的δD和δ18O关系
Fig. 6. Relationship between δD and δ18O of acidic/moderately alkaline geothermal waters from Rehai versus those from Banglazhang and Guangdong
图 7 热海酸性/中碱性地热水、邦腊掌地热水和广东地热水的总锑含量及锑形态箱线图
Fig. 7. Box plots of total antimony concentration/antimony species for acidic and moderately alkaline geothermal waters from Rehai versus those from Banglazhang and Guangdong
图 8 热海中碱性地热水与邦腊掌地热水中总锑和硫代锑酸盐比例与各水化学特征的相关系数
Fig. 8. Correlation coefficients between antimony, thioantimonate proportions and hydrochemical characteristics in alkaline geothermal waters from Rehai and geothermal waters from Banglazhang
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