场地孔隙含水层非均质性对污染物迁移转化与修复的影响

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2026.130

场地孔隙含水层非均质性对污染物迁移转化与修复的影响

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.130

袁媛¹,
朱巧慧¹,
童曼¹,
李航²,
郑先中³,
刘洁²,
袁松虎^1, ,

1. 中国地质大学(武汉)地质微生物与环境全国重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430078;
2. 武汉基建环保工程有限公司, 湖北武汉 430024;
3. 森特士兴环保科技有限公司, 北京 100176

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目（No.2023YFC3706500）

国家自然科学基金项目（No.42530706）

详细信息

作者简介:
袁媛(2000-),女,硕士,研究方向为污染场地地下水修复研究.ORCID:0009-0009-1426-5599.Email:2202510562@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
袁松虎(1979-),男,教授,博士,主要从事环境水文地球化学方面的教学与科研工作.ORCID:0000-0001-6119-1646.E-mail:yuansonghu622@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: X523
计量
- 文章访问数: 23
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-21
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-13

Influence of porous aquifer heterogeneity on contaminant transport, transformation and remediation

1. State Key Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Environmental Changes, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China;
2. Wuhan Infrastructure Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430024, China;
3. Center Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 100176, China

摘要

摘要: 孔隙含水层非均质性是制约污染场地地下水修复的核心因素。本文阐述了结构与氧化还原两种非均质性的概念，深入分析了两种非均质性对污染物和修复剂迁移转化的影响机制。结构非均质主要影响污染物迁移和修复剂传输扩散过程，含水介质渗透性差异通常导致低渗区成为修复剂难以入渗的修复盲区，在修复后期因反向扩散出现污染物浓度反弹。以氧化还原容量差异表征的氧化还原非均质性，主要通过参与电子转移过程影响污染物转化和修复剂消耗，因此修复技术和参数设计时需特别考虑氧化还原容量的影响。最后针对非均质含水层修复中的关键挑战，在总结应对措施的基础上提出了未来的研究方向。
- 含水层非均质性 /
- 含水层结构 /
- 氧化还原 /
- 污染物 /
- 地下水修复
Abstract: Porous aquifer heterogeneity is a fundamental factor constraining the efficiency of groundwater remediation at contaminated sites. This study clarified the concepts of structural heterogeneity and redox heterogeneity, and systematically analyzed the mechanisms of heterogeneity governing the transport and transformation of contaminants and remediation reagents. Structural heterogeneity primarily controls contaminant transport and the delivery and dispersion of remediation reagents. Permeability difference within aquifers commonly results in remediation blind zones in low-permeability regions as amendment penetration is limited. This may lead to contaminant rebound during the later stage of remediation due to back diffusion. Redox heterogeneity, characterized by spatial variations in redox capacity, mainly influenced contaminant transformation and remediation reagent consumption through its involvement in electron transfer processes. Consequently, the effects of redox capacity must be explicitly considered in the selection of remediation technologies and the design of operational parameters. Finally, key challenges associated with the remediation of heterogeneous aquifers are identified, and future research directions are proposed based on a synthesis of existing mitigation strategies.
- aquifer heterogeneity /
- aquifer structure /
- redox reactions /
- contaminants /
- groundwater remediation

HTML全文

参考文献(63)

[1]	Aeppli, M., Babey, T., Engel, M., et al.,2022. Export of Organic Carbon from Reduced Fine-grained Zones Governs Biogeochemical Reactivity in a Simulated Aquifer. Environmental Science & Technology, 56(4): 2738-2746. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04664
[2]	Ahmad, M., Teel, A.L., Watts, R.J.,2013. Mechanism of Persulfate Activation by Phenols. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(11): 5864-5871. https://doi.org/10.1021/es400728c
[3]	Apte, A.D., Tare, V., Bose, P.,2006. Extent of Oxidation of Cr (III) to Cr (VI) Under Various Conditions Pertaining to Natural Environment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 128(2-3): 164-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.057
[4]	Aranguren-Díaz, Y., Galán-Freyle, N.J., Guerra, A., et al.,2024. Aquifers and Groundwater: Challenges and Opportunities in Water Resource Management in Colombia. Water, 16(5): 685. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050685
[5]	Ayral-Cinar, D., Demond, A.H.,2017. Effective Diffusion Coefficients of DNAPL Waste Components in Saturated Low Permeability Soil Materials. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 207: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.09.008
[6]	Bakker, M., Bot, B.,2025. The Effective Vertical Anisotropy of Layered Aquifers. Groundwater, 63(1): 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13432
[7]	Bolhari, A., Sale, T.,2023. Processes Governing Treatment of Contaminants in Low Permeability Zones. Science of the Total Environment, 879: 163010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163010
[8]	Cherry, J.A., Freeze, R.A.,1979.Groundwater. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice Hall.30-31.
[9]	Dagan, G.,1982. Stochastic Modeling of Groundwater Flow by Unconditional and Conditional Probabilities: 1. Conditional Simulation and the Direct Problem. Water Resources Research, 18(4): 813-833. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i004p00813
[10]	Davis, E.,2023.In Situ Thermal Remediation.Washington, DC:United States Environmental Protection Agency.3-15.
[11]	Dong, H., Xu, Q., Lian, L., et al.,2021. Degradation of Organic Contaminants in the Fe (II)/peroxymonosulfate Process under Acidic Conditions: the Overlooked Rapid Oxidation Stage. Environmental Science & Technology, 55(22): 15390-15399. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c04563
[12]	EPA, U.,1994.How to Evaluate Alternative Cleanup Technologies for Underground Storage Tank Sites: A Guide for Corrective Action Plan Reviewers.Washington, D.C.:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.14.
[13]	Filippini, M., Parker, B.L., Dinelli, E., et al.,2020. Assessing Aquitard Integrity in a Complex Aquifer-aquitard System Contaminated by Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Water Research, 171: 115388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115388
[14]	Fjordbøge, A.S., Lange, I.V., Bjerg, P.L., et al.,2012. ZVI-Clay Remediation of a Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone, Skuldelev, Denmark: 2. Groundwater Contaminant Mass Discharge Reduction. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 140-141: 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2012.08.007
[15]	Henry, B.,2010.Loading rates and impacts of substrate delivery for enhanced anaerobic bioremediation.Arlington, Virginia:Environmental Security Technology Certification Program.41.
[16]	Herfort, M.,2000.Reactive Transport of Organic Compounds within a Heterogeneous Porous Aquifer. Institut und Museum für Geologie und Paläontologie der Universität Tübingen.
[17]	Hoving, A.L., Sander, M., Bruggeman, C., et al.,2017. Redox Properties of Clay-rich Sediments as Assessed by Mediated Electrochemical Analysis: Separating Pyrite, Siderite and Structural Fe in Clay Minerals. Chemical Geology, 457: 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.03.022
[18]	ITRC,2007.In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Ethene DNAPL Source Zones: Case Studies.Washington, D.C.:Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council (ITRC).51.
[19]	ITRC,2011.Permeable Reactive Barrier: Technology Update.Washington, DC, USA:Interstate Technology & Regulatory Council （ITRC）.99.
[20]	Janot, N., Lezama Pacheco, J.S., Pham, D.Q., et al.,2015. Physico-chemical Heterogeneity of Organic-rich Sediments in the Rifle Aquifer, CO: Impact on Uranium Biogeochemistry. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(1): 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b03208
[21]	Joe-Wong, C., Brown Jr, G.E., Maher, K.,2017. Kinetics and Products of Chromium (VI) Reduction by Iron (II/III)-Bearing Clay Minerals. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(17): 9817-9825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.05.011
[22]	Kessler, T.C., Comunian, A., Oriani, F., et al.,2013. Modeling Fine‐Scale Geological Heterogeneity—Examples of Sand Lenses in Tills. Groundwater, 51(5): 692-705. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2012.01015.x
[23]	Kwon, S.C., Kim, J.Y., Yoon, S.M., et al.,2012. Treatment Characteristic of 1, 4-Dioxane by Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 18(6): 1951-1955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2012.05.010
[24]	Lindsey, D.A., Taggart, J., Meeker, G.P.,1998.Gravel Deposits of the South Platte River Valley North of Denver, Colorado Part C: Description, Composition, and Origin of Clay Lenses in Gravel. 98-148-C.In:Reston, Virginia, USA:United States Geologic Survey.26-27.
[25]	Liu, R., Yang, X., Xie, J., et al.,2021. Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Ethanol-Enhanced Steam Injection Remediation in Nitrobenzene-Contaminated Heterogeneous Aquifers. Applied Sciences, 11(24): 12029. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112412029
[26]	Lu, Y., Chen, R., Zhao, W., et al.,2025. Accurate and Simple Determination of Sediment Redox Capacity by a Modified Chemical Probe Method: Implications to Contaminant Remediation. Water Research: 124014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.124014
[27]	Ludwig, R.D., Su, C., Lee, T.R., et al.,2007. In Situ Chemical Reduction of Cr (VI) in Groundwater Using a Combination of Ferrous Sulfate and Sodium Dithionite: a Field Investigation. Environmental Science & Technology, 41(15): 5299-5305. https://doi.org/10.1021/es070025z
[28]	Martin, E.J., Mumford, K.G., Kueper, B.H.,2016. Electrical Resistance Heating of Clay Layers in Water‐Saturated Sand. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, 36(1): 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12146
[29]	Matthew, A., Allen, M.,Year.Case Study of the Biotreatment of a Dilute Chlorinated Solvent Plume in an Acidic Aerobic Aquifer.In:Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds — 2018: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds. Battelle Memorial Institute,4.
[30]	Moyo, F., Tandlich, R., Wilhelmi, B.S., et al.,2014. Sorption of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds on Natural Sorbents and Organoclays from Aqueous and Non-aqueous Solutions: a Mini-review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(5): 5020-5048. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110505020
[31]	Muller, K.A., Johnson, C.D., Bagwell, C.E., et al.,2020. Methods for Delivery and Distribution of Amendments for Subsurface Remediation: A Critical Review. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, 41(1): 46-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12418
[32]	Mumford, K.G., Martin, E.J., Kueper, B.H.,2021. Removal of Trichloroethene from thin Clay Lenses by Electrical Resistance Heating: Laboratory Experiments and the Effects of Gas Saturation. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 243: 103892. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103892
[33]	Paul, L., Herrmann, S., Koch, C.B., et al.,2013. Inhibition of Microbial Trichloroethylene Dechorination by Fe (III) Reduction Depends on Fe Mineralogy: a Batch Study Using the Bioaugmentation Culture KB-1. Water Research, 47(7): 2543-2554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2013.02.029
[34]	Rehfeldt, K.R., Boggs, J.M., Gelhar, L.W.,1992. Field Study of Dispersion in a Heterogeneous Aquifer: 3. Geostatistical Analysis of Hydraulic Conductivity. Water Resources Research, 28(12): 3309-3324. https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR01758
[35]	Riddle, A.D., Arihood, L.D., Naylor, S., et al.,2025.Hydrogeologic Mapping and Three-Dimensional Geologic Modeling of Glacial Deposits in a Multicounty Area of Southeastern Michigan, Northeastern Indiana, and Northwestern Ohio.2025-5008.In:Reston, Virginia, USA:United States Geologic Survey.47.
[36]	Roehl, K.E., Czurda, K.,1998. Diffusion and Solid Speciation of Cd and Pb in Clay Liners. Applied Clay Science, 12(5): 387-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1317(97)00022-7
[37]	Salowsky, H., Schäfer, W., Schneider, A.-L., et al.,2021. Beneficial Effects of Dynamic Groundwater Flow and Redox Conditions on Natural Attenuation of Mono-, Poly-, and NSO-Heterocyclic Hydrocarbons. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 243: 103883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103883
[38]	708(98)00014-1
[39]	Shi, C., Tong, M., Cai, Q., et al.,2023. Electrokinetic-Enhanced Bioremediation of Trichloroethylene-contaminated Low-permeability Soils: Mechanistic Insight from Spatio-temporal Variations of Indigenous Microbial Community and Biodehalogenation Activity. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(12): 5046-5055. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c00278
[40]	Starr, R.C., Cherry, J.A.,1994. In Situ Remediation of Contaminated Ground Water: The Funnel‐and‐Gate System. Groundwater, 32(3): 465-476. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00664.x
[41]	Sudicky, E.A.,1986. A Natural Gradient Experiment on SoluteTransport in a Sand Aquifer: Spatial Variability of Hydraulic Conductivity and Its Role in the Dispersion Process. Water Resources Research, 22(13): 2069-2082. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i013p02069
[42]	Tatti, F., Papini, M.P., Sappa, G., et al.,2018. Contaminant Back-diffusion from Low-permeability Layers as Affected by Groundwater Velocity: A Laboratory Investigation by Box Model and Image Analysis. Science of the Total Environment, 622-623: 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.347
[43]	Wang, H., Cai, Q., Cao, Z., et al.,2025. Interfacial Electron Transfer from Low-Permeability Lenses to Transmissive Zones Enhanced by Dissolved Iron. Water Research, 287: 124426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2025.124426
[44]	Wang, H., Zhu, Y., Lu, Y., et al.,2024a. Reduction Capacity in the Transmissive Zones Fueled by the Embedded Low-Permeability Lenses: Implications for Contaminant Transformation in Heterogeneous Aquifers. Water Research, 260: 121955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2024.121955
[45]	Wang, P., Li, J., An, P., et al.,2024b. Understanding The Dilemmas And Breakdown Of The Reactive Migration Of In Situ Groundwater Injection Reagents From An Environmental Geology Perspective. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 54(9): 747-770. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2023.2277649
[46]	Woessner, W.W., Poeter, E.P.,2020.Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow. Guelph, Ontario, Canada:The Groundwater Project.58-62.
[47]	Xiao, D., Brantley, S.L., Li, L.,2021. Vertical Connectivity Regulates Water Transit Time and Chemical Weathering at the Hillslope Scale. Water Resources Research, 57(8): e2020WR029207. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029207
[48]	Xie, J., Qin, X., Yang, X., et al.,2025. New Insights Into the Remediation Agent Transport Across the Interface and Contaminant Removal in Heterogeneous Aquifer With Lens. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 13(4): 117283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.117283
[49]	Zhang, H., Weber, E.J.,2009. Elucidating the Role of Electron Shuttles in Reductive Transformations in Anaerobic Sediments. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(4): 1042-1048. https://doi.org/10.1021/es8017072
[50]	Zhang, J., Lu, S., Li, J., et al.,2017. Adsorption Properties of Hydrocarbons (N-decane, Methyl cyclohexane and Toluene) on Clay Minerals: An Experimental Study. Energies, 10(10): 1586. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10101586
[51]	Zhang, P., Chu, C., Bu, X., et al.,2025. Production and Significance of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Subsurface. Earth-Science Reviews: 105230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105230
[52]	Zhang, Y., Tong, M., Lu, Y., et al.,2024. Directional Long-Distance Electron Transfer from Reduced to Oxidized Zones in the Subsurface. Nature Communications, 15(1): 6576. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50974-x
[53]	Zheng, Y., Lu, Y., Yuan, S.,2024. Contaminant Degradation by ·OH During Sediment Oxygenation: Effect of Abundant Solid Matrix in Aquifer. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 465: 133322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133322
[54]	郭芷琳, 马瑞, 张勇，等.,2021. 地下水污染物在高度非均质介质中的迁移过程: 机理与数值模拟综述. 中国科学:地球科学, 64(8): 1817-1836.
[55]	蒋立群, 孙蓉琳, 梁杏,2021. 含水层非均质性不同刻画方法对地下水流和溶质运移预测的影响. 地球科学, 46(11): 4150-4160.
Guo, Z. L., Ma, R., Zhang, Y., et al., 2021. Contaminanttransport in Heterogeneous Aquifers: A Critical Review of Mechanisms and Numerical Methods of Non-Fickian Dispersion. Scientia Sinica (Terrae), 64(8): 1817-1836.
[56]	李付兰, 倪萍, 郭华明，等.,2015. 松嫩平原含水层沉积物特征及其对砷赋存态分布的影响. 地球科学与环境学报, 37(1): 101-110.
Jiang, L. Q., Sun, R. L., Liang, L., 2021. Predicting Groundwater Flow and Transport in Heterogeneous Aquifer Sandbox Using Different Parameter Estimation Methods. Earth Science, 46(11): 4150-4160.
[57]	袁松虎, 张鹏, 康学远，等.,2024. 含水层非均质性与污染修复. 地球科学, 49(1): 375-378.
[58]	张俊, 刘天罡, 董佳秋，等.,2020. 含水层层状非均质对地下水流系统的影响. 中国地质, 47(6): 1715-1725.
Li, F. L., Ni, P., Guo, H. M., et al., 2015. Characteristics of Aquifer Sediments in Songnen Plain and Their Influences on Distribution of Arsenic Occurrence Modes. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment. 37(1): 101-110.
Yuan, S. H., Zhang, P., Kang, X. Y., et al., 2024. Aquifer Heterogenity and Contamination remediation. Earth Science, 49(1): 375-378.
Zhang, J., Liu, T. G., Dong, J. Q., et al., 2020. The Impact of Aquifer Layered Heterogeneity on Groundwater Flow System. Geology in China, 47(6): 1715-1725.

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计

点击查看大图

计量

文章访问数: 23
HTML全文浏览量: 0
PDF下载量: 2
被引次数: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

留言板

场地孔隙含水层非均质性对污染物迁移转化与修复的影响

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.130

作者简介:
袁媛(2000-),女,硕士,研究方向为污染场地地下水修复研究.ORCID:0009-0009-1426-5599.Email:2202510562@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
袁松虎(1979-),男,教授,博士,主要从事环境水文地球化学方面的教学与科研工作.ORCID:0000-0001-6119-1646.E-mail:yuansonghu622@cug.edu.cn

计量

Influence of porous aquifer heterogeneity on contaminant transport, transformation and remediation

计量

目录

留言板

场地孔隙含水层非均质性对污染物迁移转化与修复的影响

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.130

作者简介: 袁媛(2000-),女,硕士,研究方向为污染场地地下水修复研究.ORCID:0009-0009-1426-5599.Email:2202510562@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者: 袁松虎(1979-),男,教授,博士,主要从事环境水文地球化学方面的教学与科研工作.ORCID:0000-0001-6119-1646.E-mail:yuansonghu622@cug.edu.cn

计量

出版历程

Influence of porous aquifer heterogeneity on contaminant transport, transformation and remediation

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
袁媛(2000-),女,硕士,研究方向为污染场地地下水修复研究.ORCID:0009-0009-1426-5599.Email:2202510562@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
袁松虎(1979-),男,教授,博士,主要从事环境水文地球化学方面的教学与科研工作.ORCID:0000-0001-6119-1646.E-mail:yuansonghu622@cug.edu.cn