Influence of Porous Aquifer Heterogeneity on Contaminant Transport, Transformation and Remediation
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摘要: 孔隙含水层非均质性是制约污染场地地下水修复的核心因素.阐述了结构与氧化还原两种非均质性的概念，深入分析了两种非均质性对污染物和修复剂迁移转化的影响机制.结构非均质主要影响污染物迁移和修复剂传输扩散过程，含水介质渗透性差异通常导致低渗区成为修复剂难以入渗的修复盲区，在修复后期因反向扩散出现污染物浓度反弹.以氧化还原容量差异表征的氧化还原非均质性，主要通过参与电子转移过程影响污染物转化和修复剂消耗，因此选择修复技术和设计参数时需特别考虑氧化还原容量的影响.最后针对非均质含水层修复中的关键挑战，在总结应对措施的基础上提出了未来的研究方向.Abstract: Porous aquifer heterogeneity is a fundamental factor constraining the efficiency of groundwater remediation at contaminated sites. This study clarified the concepts of structural heterogeneity and redox heterogeneity, and systematically analyzed the mechanisms of heterogeneity governing the transport and transformation of contaminants and remediation reagents.Structural heterogeneity primarily controls contaminant transport and the delivery and dispersion of remediation reagents. Permeability difference within aquifers commonly results in remediation blind zones in low-permeability regions as amendment penetration is limited. This may lead to contaminant rebound during the later stage of remediation due to back diffusion. Redox heterogeneity, characterized by spatial variations in redox capacity, mainly influenced contaminant transformation and remediation reagent consumption through its involvement in electron transfer processes. Consequently, the effects of redox capacity must be explicitly considered in the selection of remediation technologies and the design of operational parameters. Finally, key challenges associated with the remediation of heterogeneous aquifers are identified, and future research directions are proposed based on a synthesis of existing mitigation strategies.
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Key words:
- aquifer heterogeneity /
- aquifer structure /
- redox reaction /
- contaminant /
- groundwater remediation /
- hydrogeology
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图 1 含水层结构与氧化还原非均质性示意
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of aquifer structure and redox heterogeneity
图 2 含水层结构非均质性对地下水流和污染物分配的影响
Fig. 2. Effect of aquifer heterogeneity on groundwater flow and contaminant distribution
图 3 含水层主要氧化还原电对和污染物的电位范围
Fig. 3. Redox potential ranges of dominant redox couples in aquifer
图 4 场地含水层非均质对污染物自然衰减(a)和原位修复(b)的影响
Fig. 4. Influence of aquifer heterogeneity on contaminant natural attenuation (a) and in-situ remediation (b) at field site
表 1 非均质含水层修复措施的建议
Table 1. Recommendations for heterogenous aquifer remediation measures
修复阶段 结构非均质 氧化还原非均质 场地调查 地质调查 联用钻孔、物探等技术，提高岩性界面的表征精度 结合钻孔和地下水样品的氧化还原性质、结构非均质表征结果，预测与增加含水层氧化还原非均质性的刻画 污染物调查 增加低渗区污染物富集量与释放周期的评估 增加氧化还原非均质性对污染物自然衰减过程中时空演化影响的定量识别 场地修复技术 清挖、高压旋喷增渗；
阻隔/控制污染源，强化自然衰减、原位化学/生物修复高还原容量区域对应还原型修复技术，反之选择氧化型修复技术；
增加高氧化/还原容量的修复剂注入量与注入频次修复效果评估 监测低渗区中污染物浓度 
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