Evolution of Cambrian Reservoirs in Xiongying Area, Tarim Basin: Combined Constraints from Calcite Fluid Inclusions and Laser In-Situ U-Pb Geochronology
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摘要: 准确获得深层超深层油气演化过程中的关键时刻，对于理解油气成藏过程、提高超深层油气勘探成功率具有重要帮助.近年来，随着同位素测试精度提升，针对油气成藏相关矿物的放射性同位素分析成为厘定成藏关键时刻的有效途径.本研究选择塔里木盆地库车坳陷南斜坡雄英地区寒武系超深层油藏为研究对象，基于研究区构造演化认识及盆地埋藏历史结果，进一步开展储层方解石流体包裹体及激光原位U-Pb同位素定年为核心的研究工作，联合约束该油藏的演化过程并构建其成藏模式.储层流体包裹体分析显示的三种不同荧光油包裹体及伴生盐水包裹体三期不同均一温度结果联合指示雄英地区古生代以来经历了志留纪末、二叠纪及中新世以来三期油气运移聚集过程.而储层方解石U-Pb定年结果（（278.0±2.9）~（289.9±5.2）Ma）与研究区储层自生伊利石K-Ar年龄（293~255 Ma）、原油的Re-Os年龄（~285 Ma）高度的一致性指示二叠纪海西构造运动在油藏成藏过程中扮演重要作用.本次研究进一步证实储层方解石激光原位U-Pb同位素定年精确约束油气成藏时间的可行性，将成藏年代学与传统成藏研究方法联合应用于国内外深层、超深层含油气盆地油气成藏研究过程中，能帮助深入理解多旋回叠合盆地深层超深层油气的演化过程，为包括塔里木盆地在内的深层超深层油气勘探提供支撑.Abstract: Accurately obtaining the key timings of hydrocarbon evolution in reservoirs is crucial for understanding the hydrocarbon accumulation process and improving the success rate of deep and ultra-deep hydrocarbon exploration. In recent years, with the improved precision of isotope analysis, radioactive isotope analysis of minerals related to hydrocarbon has become an effective approach to determine the key timings of hydrocarbon accumulation. Taking the Cambrian ultra-deep oil reservoir in the Xiongying area on the southern slope of the Kuqa depression, Tarim basin as the research object, this study focuses on calcite fluid inclusions in reservoirs and in-situ laser U-Pb isotope dating, to jointly constrain the evolution process of the oil reservoir and establish hydrocarbon accumulation model, on the basis of tectonic evolution and the basin burial history. The analysis of reservoir fluid inclusions shows three types of fluorescent oil inclusions and the results of three phases of different homogenization temperatures of associated aqueous inclusions, which jointly indicate that the Xiongying area has experienced three phases of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation since the Paleozoic, i.e., the end of the Silurian, the Permian, and since the Miocene. Moreover, the U-Pb dating results of reservoir calcite ((278.0±2.9)-(289.9±5.2) Ma) are highly consistent with the authigenic illite K-Ar ages (293-255 Ma) of reservoirs and the crude oil Re-Os ages (about 285 Ma), indicating that the Late Hercynian tectonic movement period (Permian) played an important role in the oil reservoir accumulation process.This study further confirms the feasibility of in-situ laser U-Pb isotope dating of reservoir calcite in accurately constraining the timing of hydrocarbon accumulation. The combined application of hydrocarbon accumulation geochronology and traditional hydrocarbon accumulation processes can help deeply understand the hydrocarbon evolution process of deep and ultra-deep multi-cyclic superimposed basins, and provide support for the exploration of deep and ultra-deep hydrocarbons including those in the Tarim basin.
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图 2 塔里木盆地雄英地区地层综合柱状图
Fig. 2. Comprehensive stratigraphic columnar section of the Xiongying area in the Tarim basin
图 3 雄英地区典型钻井手标本及显微镜下特征
Fig. 3. Typical drilling hand specimens and microscopic characteristics of the Xiongying area
图 4 雄英地区雄英102井上寒武统下丘里塔格组储层显微镜下包裹体测温及荧光特征
a1~e1：在1X40UV视域下样品中油包裹体与伴生盐水包裹体的分布概览；a2~a3：XY102-Cal-1样品，溶蚀孔洞充填方解石中呈雁列分布的不规则伴生盐水包裹体（a2）及长方形发黄色荧光油包裹体（a3）；b2~b3：XY102-Cal-1样品，白云石晶格中呈小簇分布的长条状伴生盐水包裹体（b2）及圆形发蓝绿色荧光油包裹体（b3）；c1~c3：XY102-Cal-1样品，白云石晶格中分散分布针状伴生盐水包裹体（c2）及圆形发蓝色荧光油包裹体（c3）；d1~d3：XY102-Cal-2样品，裂缝充填方解石中尺寸从60~120 μm不等、呈簇状分布的圆‒长条状伴生盐水包裹体（d2）及圆形发蓝色、黄色两种荧光油包裹体（d3）；e1~e3：XY102-Cal-2样品，白云石晶格中分散状不规则状伴生盐水包裹体（e2）及规则状发蓝绿色荧光油包裹体（e3）
Fig. 4. Thermometric and fluorescence characteristics of microscopic inclusions in the reservoir of Upper Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation, Well Xiongying 102 in the Xiongying area
图 5 雄英地区雄英102井上寒武统下丘里塔格组储层与油共生盐水包裹体均一温度直方图
Fig. 5. Histogram of homogenization temperatures of oil-associated aqueous inclusions in the reservoir of Upper Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation, Well Xiongying 102 in the Xiongying area
图 6 雄英地区雄英102井上寒武统下丘里塔格组储层阴极发光图
①亮红色；②橙红色
Fig. 6. Cathodoluminescence images of the reservoir of Upper Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation, Well Xiongying 102 in the Xiongying area
图 7 雄英地区雄英102井上寒武统下丘里塔格组储层方解石激光原位U-Pb同位素定年结果
数据点误差椭圆为2σ；XY102-Cal-1a为亮红色阴极发光方解石，XY102-Cal-1b、XY102-Cal-2为橙红色阴极发光方解石，方解石的阴极发光特征详见图 6；MSWD为平均加权偏差平方和
Fig. 7. Laser in-situ U-Pb isotope dating result plot of calcite in the reservoir of Upper Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation, Well Xiongying 102 in the Xiongying area
图 8 雄英地区成藏演化综合示意图
Fig. 8. Comprehensive schematic diagram of hydrocarbon accumulation evolution in the Xiongying area
图 9 雄英地区成藏演化模式
Fig. 9. Hydrocarbon accumulation evolution model diagram of the Xiongying area
表 1 雄英地区雄英102井上寒武统下丘里塔格组储层流体包裹体荧光参数数据
Table 1. Fluorescence parameter data of fluid inclusions in the reservoir of Upper Cambrian Xiaqiulitage Formation, Well Xiongying 102 in the Xiongying area
样品名 深度(m) 宿主矿物 类型 荧光颜色 主峰波长 红绿商 (nm) Q650/500 QF535 XY102-Cal-1 6 840~6 842.5 溶蚀孔洞充填方解石 油包裹体 黄色 577.1 0.958 2.249 白云石 蓝绿色 526.0 0.378 1.158 蓝色 451.1 0.275 0.645 XY102-Cal-2 6 840~6 842.5 裂缝充填
方解石油包裹体 黄色 541.4 0.621 1.647 蓝色 472.7 0.296 0.796 白云石 黄色 574.8 0.818 2.062 蓝绿色 495.5 0.334 0.996 
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