Source-to-Sink System Architecture and Lithologic Traps Model in the Southern Slope Belt of Qikou Sag
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摘要: 陆相盆地源‒汇系统在沉积过程恢复、宏观控砂作用及砂体富集预测上均取得积极进展，但对多物源‒多构造坡折带条件下，边缘相带砂体尖灭与岩性圈闭的形成机制尚不明确.以歧口凹陷南斜坡为例，通过大量的钻井、分析化验资料和全覆盖的三维地震资料，综合开展了物源体系的划分和对比，剖析了构造坡折体系的内在构成及共生关系，探讨了共生构造坡折带在源‒汇系统中的有机配置作用，明确了砂体的富集区和尖灭带，在斜坡带新发现或落实了15个岩性圈闭，总面积21.5 km2.斜坡带岩性圈闭主要受构造坡折带和沉积相类型控制，远岸斜坡下段半遮挡区和孤台区是最有利的赋存位置，侧向遮挡砂岩尖灭岩性圈闭、前端遮挡砂岩尖灭岩性圈闭和孤立尖灭岩性圈闭广泛分布.源‒汇系统下的控砂控圈作用研究，能有效解决斜坡带岩性圈闭预测难题，在复杂斜坡带岩性油气藏勘探中具有广阔的应用前景.Abstract: Significant progress has been made in applying the source-to-sink system to depositional process restoration, sand distribution control, and sandbody enrichment prediction in continental basins. However, in settings with multiple source areas and multiple structural slope breaks, research of the marginal depositional facies belts, sandbody pinch-outs, and the development of lithologic traps remains scarce. Taking the southern slope belt of Qikou Sag as an example, based on drilling data, laboratory data, and full-coverage 3D seismic data, we comprehensively analyze source-to-sink system architecture and genetic model of lithologic traps. Firstly, division and correlation of provenance systems are carried out. Then, the internal architecture and syndepositional relationships of tectonic slope-break zones are analyzed. Finally, the configuration of symbiotic structural slope-break zones is discussed from source to sink, and sandbody enrichment zone and pinch-out zone are identified. A total of 15 lithologic traps have been newly discovered or confirmed in the slope zone, covering a total area of 21.5 km². The research indicates that lithologic traps within the slope belt are controlled by structural slope-break zones and depositional facies types, the most favorable locations occur in the semi-sheltered zone and isolated platform areas, where three main trap types develop: laterally-sealed sandstone pinch-outs, frontally-sealed sandstone pinch-outs, and isolated pinch-out traps. Research on sand control and trap development under the source-to-sink system framework can effectively predict lithologic traps within slope belts. This methodology shows significant potential for lithologic reservoirs exploration in complex slope belts.
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图 1 “物源体系‒输砂体系‒沉积体系‒砂体边缘区‒岩性尖灭带”主线渐进式岩性圈闭预测流程
Fig. 1. Stepwise predictive workflow for lithologic traps from provenance system, sediment transport system, depositional system, sandbody lateral termination to lithologic pinchout
图 2 歧口凹陷区域构造格架与研究区油气地质概况
Fig. 2. Regional structural framework of Qikou Sag and petroleum geology overview in the study area
图 3 歧口凹陷南斜坡周缘物源体系分布及主要特征
Fig. 3. Distribution and key characteristics of provenance systems in the southern slope zone of Qikou Sag
图 4 南斜坡沙二段地层厚度及过井地震剖面
①西侧同向断阶带；②中间主转换坡折带；③东侧反向断坡带
Fig. 4. Thickness of Member 2, Shahejie Formation and seismic profiles across wells in the southern slope zone
图 5 南斜坡沙二段沉积体系展布与连井沉积对比剖面
SP单位为mV; GR单位为API; RS、RD、RILD、RFOC、M2R2、M2R6、LLD、LLS单位均为Q·m
Fig. 5. Distribution of sedimentary systems and well-tie depositional correlation profiles of Member 2, Shahejie Formation in the southern slope zone of Qikou Sag
图 6 歧口凹陷南斜坡不同共生构造坡折带砂体发育模式
Fig. 6. Sandbody development patterns of different co-occurring tectonic slope-break zones in the southern slope zone of Qikou Sag
图 7 歧口凹陷南斜坡岩性圈闭分布及发育模式
Fig. 7. Distribution and development model of lithologic traps in the southern slope zone of Qikou Sag
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