Research Progress of Ultra-Deep Strike-Slip Fault Controlling Reservoir Formation in Tarim Craton Basin
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摘要: 针对塔里木盆地台盆区超深层碳酸盐岩勘探难题，系统阐述了走滑断裂控储成藏理论进展.确立了“相+断+溶”三元复合控储机制，揭示低序级断层通过“弱活动-强改造”构建高密度裂缝网络，主导优质储层发育；构建了“源-断-储-盖”四元耦合成藏模型，阐明断裂多期活动与油气充注时空耦合及分段封闭性控制“断片控藏、小藏大田”的富集规律.当前台盆区超深层油气勘探在断裂封闭性定量评价、深部流体时限厘定、三维精细建模及AI智能识别等方面仍面临挑战.未来需聚焦断裂-流体-岩溶多尺度协同演化过程，深化关键要素内在联系研究，以支撑超深层油气精准预测与高效勘探.Abstract: Aiming at the exploration challenges of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the platform area of the Tarim Basin, in this paper it systematically summarizes theoretical advances in strike-slip fault-controlling reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation. It establishes a "facies-fault-dissolution" ternary composite reservoir-control mechanism, revealing that low-order faults dominate high-quality reservoir development by constructing high-density fracture networks through a "weak activity-strong modification" process. Furthermore, it constructs a "source-fault-reservoir-seal" quaternary coupled accumulation model, elucidating how the spatiotemporal coupling of multi-phase fault activities with hydrocarbon charging, along with segmented sealing properties, governs the enrichment patterns characterized by "fault-block control, one block per pool, and small pools forming giant fields." The paper highlights current challenges in quantitative evaluation of fault sealing, delineation of deep fluid activity timelines, high-precision 3D modeling, and AI-based intelligent identification. Future research should focus on the multi-scale synergistic evolution of faults, fluids, and karst systems, deepening the understanding of intrinsic relationships among key factors to support precise prediction and efficient exploration of ultra-deep oil and gas resources.
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图 1 塔里木盆地环阿满过渡带走滑断裂系统分布(a)与下古生界地层特征(b)（据张丽娟等，2025修改）
Fig. 1. Distribution of the strike-slip fault system (a) and the Paleozoic stratigraphic characteristics (b) around the transition zone of Awati and Manjiaer sags in Tarim basin (modified from Zhang et al., 2025)
图 2 走滑断裂控储作用模式（据邬光辉等，2016修改）
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of strike-slip fault controlling reservoir effect (modified from Wu et al., 2016)
图 3 富满油田典型走滑断裂构造油藏模式
Fig. 3. Typical strike-slip fault structure reservoir model of Fuman oilfield
图 4 走滑断裂破碎带构型相类型
Fig. 4. Types of configurations and phases of strike-slip fracture zones
图 6 塔里木北部坳陷典型走滑断裂构造相关储层分布与模式（据王清华等, 2021，有改动）
Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of typical strike-slip fault-related reservoir distribution in the northern Tarim depression (modified from Wang et al., 2021)
图 7 塔里木台盆区走滑断裂与成藏流体演变关系
Fig. 7. Relationship between strike-slip faults and reservoir-forming fluid evolution in the Tarim basin
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