海洋性气候积雪结构演化与力学特征

doi:10.3799/dqkx.2026.155

海洋性气候积雪结构演化与力学特征

doi: 10.3799/dqkx.2026.155

四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室水利水电学院, 四川成都 610065

基金项目:

西藏自治区科技计划项目“藏东南雪崩判识、探测与预警技术研究”(XZ202501ZY0006)

应急管理部重点科技计划“雪崩灾害风险消除关键技术及装备研发与示范应用”(2024EMST030303)

四川省交通运输科技项目“大规模在役隧道长期服役性能及韧性提升技术研究”(2026-C-004)。

详细信息

作者简介:
温梦鸽(2002-),女,硕士,主要从事地质灾害方面的研究工作。E-mail:3292154690@qq.com

通讯作者:
邓建辉(1965-),男,现任教授,主要从事地质灾害方面的研究工作。E-mail:jhdeng@scu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P426.63
计量
- 文章访问数: 24
- HTML全文浏览量: 0
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-02-10
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-29

Structural Evolution and Mechanical Characteristics of Snow under Maritime Climatic Conditions

State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China

摘要

摘要: 为了解海洋性气候积雪的结构演化和物理力学特性，以西藏嘎隆拉山稳定积雪期-融雪期的积雪为例，通过现场试验对不同深度物理力学性质进行测试。结果表明，在稳定积雪期，积雪物理力学参数随着深度和时间的增加表现出增大的趋势，同时提出硬度和抗剪强度与深度关系式；在融雪期，会出现多层明显的软弱层，力学性质显著弱于雪板层。自由水通过重力和毛细作用在早期弱层中积聚，加速弱层演变。含水率是影响积雪稳定的关键因素，电阻率与含水率为负相关关系，通过现场试验构建了积雪硬度、锥尖阻力与电阻率的关系式。研究成果揭示了积雪结构演化特征及其力学特征变化规律，为雪崩区的预警与防治工作提供理论基础。
- 现场试验 /
- 积雪结构 /
- 软弱层 /
- 力学特征 /
- 物理特征
Abstract: To investigate the structural evolution and physico-mechanical properties of snow under maritime climatic conditions, seasonal snow from the stable snow period to the melting period on Galongla Mountain in Tibet was selected as the study object, and field tests were conducted to measure the physico-mechanical properties at different depths. The results show that during the stable snow period, the physico-mechanical parameters of snow increase with both depth and time, and empirical relationships between hardness, shear strength, and depth are established. During the melting period, multiple distinct weak layers develop, whose mechanical properties are significantly lower than those of the adjacent slab layers. Free water accumulates in the early-stage weak layer due to gravity and capillary action, accelerating the evolution of the weak layer. Liquid water content is identified as a key factor affecting snow stability, and electrical resistivity is negatively correlated with water content. Based on field measurements, empirical relationships among snow hardness, cone penetration resistance, and electrical resistivity are proposed. These findings elucidate the mechanism linking characteristics of snowpack structure evolution and patterns of mechanical changes and provide a theoretical basis for avalanche forecasting and mitigation in snow-prone regions.
- in-situ tests /
- snow structure /
- weak layer /
- mechanical characteristics /
- physical characteristics

HTML全文

参考文献(32)

[1]	Birkeland, K. W., Johnson, R. F.,&Schmidt, D. S. (1998). Near-surface faceted crystals formed by diurnal recrystallization: A case study of weak layer formation in the mountain snowpack and its contribution to snow avalanches.Arctic and Alpine Research,30(2), 200-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1552135
[2]	Barsevskis, P.,&Paetkau, M. (2022). Snow characteristics with the blade hardness gauge (Doctoral dissertation, Thompson Rivers University).
[3]	Colbeck, S. C. (1982). An overview of seasonal snow metamorphism. Reviews of Geophysics, 20(1), 45-61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/RG020i001p00045
[4]	Colbeck, S. C. (1991). The layered character of snow covers. Reviews of Geophysics, 29(1), 81-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/90RG02351
[5]	Conlan, M.,&Jamieson, B. (2015). Formation and strengthening of layers of dry faceted crystals above artificial melt-freeze crusts from overburden stress in a controlled environment. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 53(2), 187-195. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0045
[6]	Fierz C, Armstrong R L, Durand Y, et al. (2009). The international classification for seasonal snow on the ground.
[7]	Granlund, N., Lundberg, A., Feiccabrino, J., et al. D. (2009). Laboratory test of snow wetness influence on electrical conductivity measured with ground penetrating radar. Hydrology Research, 40(1), 33-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2009.040
[8]	Jamieson, J. B.,&Johnston, C. D. (1990). In-situ tensile tests of snow-pack layers. Journal of Glaciology, 36(122), 102-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3189/S002214300000561X
[9]	Jamieson, J. B.,&Johnston, C. D. (1992). Snowpack characteristics associated with avalanche accidents. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 29(5), 862-866.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t92-093
[10]	Jamieson, J. B. (1995). Avalanche prediction for persistent snow slabs.
[11]	Jamieson, J. B. (1999). The compression test-after 25 years. The Avalanche Review, 18(1), 10-12.
[12]	Kinar, N. J.,&Pomeroy, J. W. (2015). Measurement of the physical properties of the snowpack. Reviews of Geophysics, 53(2), 481-544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/2015RG000481
[13]	Krol, Q. E. (2017). Upscaling the evolution of snow microstructure: From 4D image analysis to rigorous models (Doctoral dissertation, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne).
[14]	Laska M, Luks B, Kępski D, et al. (2022). Hansbreen Snowpit Dataset-over 30-year of detailed snow research on an Arctic glacier. Scientific Data, 9(1), 656. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01767-8
[15]	Lackner, G., Domine, F., Nadeau, D. F., et al. M. (2022). Snow properties at the forest-tundra ecotone: predominance of water vapor fluxes even in deep, moderately cold snowpacks. The Cryosphere, 16(8), 3357-3373. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-3357-2022
[16]	Marsh, P.,&Woo, M. K. (1984). Wetting front advance and freezing of meltwater within a snow cover: 1. Observations in the Canadian Arctic. Water Resources Research, 20(12), 1853-1864. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i012p01853
[17]	McCallum, A. (2013). Cone Penetration Testing (CPT): a valuable tool for investigating polar snow. Journal of Hydrology (New Zealand), 97-113. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43945048
[18]	Pielmeier, C.,&Schneebeli, M. (2003). Stratigraphy and changes in hardness of snow measured by hand, ramsonde and snow micro penetrometer: a comparison with planar sections. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 37(3), 393-405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-232X(03)00079-X
[19]	Schaap, L. H.,&Föhn, P. M. (1987). Cone penetration testing in snow. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 24(3), 335-341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/t87-044
[20]	. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3189/1998AoG26-1-107-111
[21]	Simenhois, R.,&Birkeland, K. (2006, October). The extended column test: a field test for fracture initiation and propagation. In Proceedings ISSW (Vol. 10, pp. 79-85).
[22]	Schlumpf, M., Hendrikx, J., Stormont, J. et al. R. (2024). Quantifying short-term changes in snow strength due to increasing liquid water content above hydraulic barriers. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 218, 104056. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2023.104056
[23]	Winkler, K.,&Schweizer, J. (2009). Comparison of snow stability tests: Extended column test, rutschblock test and compression test. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 59(2-3), 217-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2009.05.003
[24]	Wang, Q., Xing, A., Wang, W., et al. (2026). Multi-parameter seismic metrics for detection and classification of rock and ice-rock avalanches. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 104881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2026.104881
[25]	车涛等著. (2020) 中国积雪地面观测规范. 北京:科学出版社.(Che, T., et al. (2020) The Chinese Guidelines for Snowpack Observation in the Field.Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese))
[26]	付强, 彭莉, 汪恩良, 等. (2017) 积雪特性参数分析及雪深模型建立. 东北农业大学学报, 2017, 48(12): 36-45. (Fu, Q., Peng, L., Wang, E L., et al, (2017) Analysis on snow characteristic parameters and construction of snow depth modeling.Northeast Agri Univ, 48(12): 36-45. (in Chinese with English abstract))
[27]	李林,李晓东,李红梅等. (2021) 青海省气象科学研究所.青藏高原牧区雪灾专题图. (Li, L., Li, X D., Li, H M., et al. (2021) Thematic Map of Snow Disasters in Pastoral Areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Xining: Qinghai Institute of Meteorological Sciences. (in Chinese))
[28]	沈丹祎,杨剑,朱永生, 等. (2025). 雪崩形成机制及危险性评价方法综述.地球科学,1-23.(Shen, D Y., Yang, J., Zhu, Y S., et al. (2025). Research progress on formation mechanisms and rapid hazard assessment of snow avalanche.Earth Science, 1-23. (in Chinese with English abstract))
[29]	田旭文,姚鑫,周振凯,等.(2026) 基于GIS与RAMMS模拟的雪崩释放区识别及危险性评估:以西藏扎墨公路嘎隆拉段为例.地球科学,1-17. (Tian, X W., Yao, X., Zhou, Z K., et al. (2026) Snow Avalanche Release Area Identification and Hazard Assessment Based on GIS and RAMMS Modeling: A Case Study of the Galongla Section of the Zhamo Highway, Xizang.Earth Science, 1-17. (in Chinese with English abstract))
[30]	王楷迪, 李星月, 黄雨, 等. (2025). 自然积雪与雪崩堆积体的剖面密度特征分析.地球科学,50(10), 3955-3966.(Wang, K D., Li, X Y., Huang, Y., et al. (2025). Analysis on Density Profile Characteristics of Naturally Deposited Snow and Avalanche Deposition.Earth Science, 50(10): 3955-3966. (in Chinese with English abstract))
[31]	中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所. (1979) 雪崩及其防治. 北京:科学出版社. (Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, (1979) Chinese Academy of Sciences. Avalanches and Their Control.Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese))
[32]	庄峰. (2019)积雪硬度及其测试技术的实验研究(硕士学位论文).大连理工大学. DOI:10.26991/d.cnki.gdllu.2019.000727.(Zhuang, F. (2019) Experimental Study on Snow Hardness and Its Testing Technology (Master's Thesis).Dalian University of Technology. DOI: 10.26991/d.cnki.gdllu.2019.000727. (in Chinese with English abstract))