Reservoir Characteristics and Peat-Forming Environment of No. 8 Coal Seam in Benxi Formation, Yichuan Area, Southeastern Ordos Basin
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘的宜川地区本溪组8#煤岩广覆式发育，是深层煤层（岩）气勘探开发的主要目的层. 为落实8#煤层煤岩储层特征和聚煤环境，基于6口井的岩心资料，对煤岩成分、孔隙结构特征和元素地球化学特征开展试验分析. 8#煤岩显微组分以镜质组为主，占比为80.5%，工业分析为低含水（0.94%）、中‒低灰分（13.29%）、低挥发分，镜质体反射率平均2.99%，为高阶无烟煤. 煤岩孔隙类型以次生的有机质气孔占比最高，其次为屑间孔和胞腔孔，微裂隙发育大幅提升了煤岩基质的渗透性. 孔隙结构分析表明，8#煤岩微孔发育，孔体积占比为64.53%，提供了几乎全部吸附气的赋存空间；介孔不发育，宏孔和微裂隙较发育，为游离气提供了赋存空间. 8#煤岩主要聚煤沼泽类型为覆水森林沼泽和深水芦苇沼泽，温热潮湿的古气候有利于成煤植物的生长和繁育，封闭、还原的水体环境促进了凝胶化作用的进行，为优质煤岩的形成提供了良好的环境.Abstract: The No. 8 coal seam in the Benxi Formation of the Yichuan Area on the southeastern margin of the Ordos Basin is extensively developed, serving as the primary target layer for coalbed methane exploration and development. To clarify the reservoir characteristics and peat-forming environment of this coal seam, experimental analyses were conducted based on core data from five wells, focusing on coal composition, pore structure characteristics, and elemental geochemistry. The macerals of the No. 8 coal are predominantly vitrinite, accounting for 80.5%. Proximate analysis indicates low moisture (0.94%), medium-low ash (13.29%), and low volatile matter content. The average random vitrinite reflectance is 2.99%, classifying it as high-rank anthracite. Among pore types, secondary organic gas pores are the most abundant, followed by intergranular pores and cellular pores. Well-developed micro-fractures significantly enhance the permeability of the coal matrix. Pore structure analysis reveals that the No. 8 coal is rich in micropores, which contribute 64.53% of the total pore volume, providing nearly all the storage space for adsorbed gas. Mesopores are underdeveloped, while macropores and micro-fractures are relatively well-developed, offering storage space for free gas. The main types of peat-forming swamps for the No. 8 coal were flooded forest swamps and deep-water reed swamps. The warm, humid paleoclimate favored the growth and proliferation of peat-forming plants, and the closed, reducing water environment promoted gelification, providing favorable conditions for the formation of high-quality coal.
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图 1 鄂尔多斯盆地构造分区与宜川地区地层综合柱状图
Fig. 1. Structural subdivisions of the Ordos Basin and stratigraphic column in Yichuan Area
图 2 研究区8#煤宏观煤岩类型照片（Y76-2井）
Fig. 2. Photos of the macroscopic coal and rock types of No. 8 coal in the study area(Well Y76-2)
图 4 研究区本溪组8#煤岩灰分产率随深度变化趋势
Fig. 4. Variation trend of ash yield with depth for the No. 8 coal seam in the Benxi Formation of the study area
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地8#煤镜质体反射率等值线图
据长庆油田，2026，深层煤岩气勘探开发工作汇报
Fig. 5. Contour map of vitrinite reflectance for the No. 8 coal seam in the Ordos Basin
图 6 扫描电镜观察的研究区8#煤孔隙类型
a. 镜质体表面矿物晶间孔；b. 胞腔孔；c. 气孔群，部分被无机矿物充填；d. 微裂隙
Fig. 6. SEM-observed pore types in the No.8 coal seam of the study area
图 7 研究区8#煤微裂隙图像（YQ27井）
略显层理构造，主裂隙垂直于层理面发育，次裂隙与主裂隙近垂直，局部呈雁列式、阶梯状、不规则状，个别裂隙被矿物充填.气体晕痕明显
Fig. 7. Micro-fissure images of No.8 coal seam of the study area (Well YQ27)
图 8 研究区8#煤CO2吸附曲线
Fig. 8. CO2 adsorption curve of the No.8 coal seam in the study area
图 9 研究区本溪组8#煤比表面与孔体积随热演化程度变化曲线
Fig. 9. Curves of specific surface area and pore volume vs. thermal evolution degree for No. 8 coal seam in the Benxi Formation, study area
图 10 不同品质煤岩比表面积和孔体积变化曲线
Fig. 10. Curves of specific surface area and pore volume variation for different quality coal samples
图 11 研究区8#煤岩微孔孔径分布
Fig. 11. Micropore size distribution of No.8 coal seam in the study area
图 12 研究区8#煤N2吸附曲线
Fig. 12. N2 adsorption curve of the No.8 coal seam in the study area
图 13 研究区8#煤岩介孔孔径分布
Fig. 13. Mesopores size distribution of No.8 coal seam in the study area
图 14 研究区8#煤高压压汞曲线
Fig. 14. High-pressure mercury injection curve of No.8 coal seam in the study area
图 15 研究区8#煤全孔径拼接孔容容量分布
Fig. 15. Full pore size range integrated pore volume variation of No.8 coal seam in the study area
图 16 研究区8#煤稀土元素分布模式图
Fig. 16. Rare earth element distribution pattern diagram of No. 8 coal seam in the study area
图 17 研究区8#煤球粒陨石标准化后稀土元素配分模式图
Fig. 17. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element distribution pattern diagram of No. 8 coal seam samples in the study area
图 18 研究区8#煤古气候判别图
Fig. 18. Palaeoclimatic discrimination diagram for No. 8 coal seam in the study area
图 19 研究区8#煤古盐度剖面
Fig. 19. Palaeosalinity profile of the No. 8 coal seam in the study area
图 20 研究区8#煤氧化还原条件剖面
Fig. 20. Redox conditions profile of the No. 8 coal seam in the study area
图 21 研究区8#煤TPI-GI相图
Fig. 21. Phase diagram of TPI-GI of No. 8 coal seam in the study area
图 22 研究区本溪组8#煤勘探有利区预测图
Fig. 22. Prediction map of favorable areas for No. 8 coal seam exploration in the Benxi Formation of the study area
表 1 煤岩的宏观类型划分
Table 1. Macroscopic type classification for coal rocks
宏观煤
岩类型代码 分类指标 总体相对
光泽强度光亮成分含量(%) 光亮煤 BC 强 > 80 半亮煤 SBC 较强 > 50~80 半暗煤 SDC 较弱 > 20~50 暗淡煤 DC 弱 ≤20 
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表 2 研究区本溪组8#煤岩显微组分统计
Table 2. Statistics of macroscopic components for the No. 8 coal seam in the Benxi Formation of the study area
样品编号 镜质组含量
（%）惰质组含量
（%）黏土矿物含量
（%）硫化物类含量
（%）碳酸盐类含量
（%）镜惰比 Y156-2（1） 84.0 10.0 4.5 0.6 0.9 6.0 Y156-2（2） 85.2 10.0 3.8 0.4 0.6 4.8 Y156-2（3） 83.6 8.6 6.3 0.7 0.8 7.8 Y156-2（4） 85.6 7.6 5.4 0.6 0.8 6.8 Y156-2（5） 81.0 11.2 6.4 0.5 0.9 7.8 Y156-2（6） 87.6 6.0 5.0 0.6 0.8 6.4 Y156-2（7） 81.2 6.4 8.6 2.5 1.3 12.4 Y39-1（1） 85.2 9.0 4.6 0.5 0.7 5.8 Y39-1（2） 82.0 8.6 7.9 0.6 0.9 9.4 Y39-1（3） 81.6 10.6 6.3 0.6 0.9 7.8 Y39-1（4） 82.2 6.4 9.9 0.6 0.9 11.4 Y39-1（5） 81.0 11.0 6.3 0.8 0.9 8.0 Y39-1（6） 81.6 11.6 5.5 0.5 0.8 6.8 Y23-1（1） 81.0 12.0 5.2 1.0 0.8 7.0 Y23-1（2） 61.2 28.0 8.7 1.0 1.1 10.8 Y23-1（3） 87.2 5.8 4.3 2.2 0.5 7.0 Y23-1（4） 80.6 11.2 5.4 1.9 0.9 8.2 Y23-1（5） 81.0 11.6 5.8 0.6 1.0 7.4 Y23-1（6） 76.4 16.0 5.8 1.0 0.8 7.6 Y76-2（1） 78.0 14.4 5.8 0.8 1.0 7.6 Y76-2（2） 77.2 14.8 6.6 0.6 0.8 8.0 Y76-2（3） 86.4 7.6 4.6 0.6 0.8 6.0 Y76-2（4） 71.2 18.4 8.2 1.0 1.2 10.4 Y76-2（5） 76.4 17.6 4.2 0.8 1.0 6.0 Y56-3（1） 79.6 12.4 6.6 0.6 0.8 8.0 Y56-3（2） 83.6 10.0 4.8 0.8 0.8 6.4 Y56-3（3） 78.0 13.2 6.6 1.0 1.2 8.8 Y56-3（4） 74.0 18.0 6.2 0.8 1.0 8.0 Y56-3（5） 85.2 8.0 5.2 0.8 0.8 6.8 Y56-3（6） 76.0 10.4 10.4 1.4 1.8 13.6 平均值 80.5 11.5 6.2 0.9 0.9 8.0
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表 3 研究区本溪组8#煤岩工业分析数据
Table 3. Proximate analysis data for the No. 8 coal seam in the Benxi Formation of the study area
样品编号 深度（m） 水分(%) 灰分(%) 挥发分(%) 固定碳(%) Ro(%) 空气干燥基 空气干燥基 空气干燥基 空气干燥基 Y156-2（1） 2 239.31 0.88 3.94 7.04 88.14 2.92 Y156-2（2） 2 239.88 0.93 4.83 6.51 87.73 2.94 Y156-2（3） 2 241.32 0.83 11.39 10.02 77.76 2.92 Y156-2（4） 2 241.67 0.91 4.27 7.18 87.64 2.99 Y156-2（5） 2 242.62 0.92 11.27 7.60 80.21 2.97 Y156-2（6） 2 243.42 0.86 4.32 7.07 87.75 3.03 Y156-2（7） 2 244.17 0.86 17.45 8.70 72.99 3.07 Y39-1（1） 2 342.07 1.47 10.48 7.32 80.73 3.03 Y39-1（2） 2 343.28 0.89 12.98 7.86 78.27 3.10 Y39-1（3） 2 344.64 1.16 10.13 7.22 81.49 3.10 Y39-1（4） 2 345.58 1.36 10.93 8.00 79.71 3.13 Y39-1（5） 2 346.88 1.34 10.92 6.90 80.84 3.13 Y39-1（6） 2 347.23 1.77 6.94 6.12 85.17 3.16 Y23-1（1） 2 099.60 0.91 23.48 8.57 67.04 2.94 Y23-1（2） 2 101.71 0.23 21.35 8.75 69.67 3.02 Y23-1（3） 2 102.12 1.43 12.43 6.99 79.15 2.96 Y23-1（4） 2 102.67 1.67 19.71 7.67 70.95 3.04 Y23-1（5） 2 104.87 0.99 32.75 9.13 57.13 3.04 Y23-1（6） 2 106.17 0.92 35.86 8.99 54.23 3.21 Y76-2（1） 2 097.27 0.55 2.43 6.82 90.20 2.80 Y76-2（2） 2 097.61 0.49 5.47 6.51 87.53 2.82 Y76-2（3） 2 098.69 0.83 7.09 7.88 84.20 2.81 Y76-2（4） 2 099.74 0.87 11.84 8.78 78.51 2.85 Y76-2（5） 2 100.35 0.59 20.19 9.17 70.05 2.90 Y56-3（1） 2 334.99 0.68 12.26 8.42 78.64 2.95 Y56-3（2） 2 336.92 0.94 17.27 7.96 73.83 2.86 Y56-3（3） 2 337.85 0.55 18.94 7.45 73.06 2.99 Y56-3（4） 2 338.75 0.77 10.17 7.24 81.82 3.01 Y56-3（5） 2 339.00 0.84 10.94 7.08 81.14 3.02 Y56-3（6） 2 340.67 0.83 16.76 7.43 74.98 2.90 平均值 0.94 13.29 7.75 78.02 2.99
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表 4 研究区本溪组8#煤岩CO2吸附比表面积和孔体积
Table 4. CO2 adsorption specific surface area and pore volume of the No.8 coal seam in the Benxi Formation, study area
序号 样品编号 比表面积 孔体积 样品宏
观煤型Langmuir
（m2/g）DFT
PoreSize
（m2/g）Dubinin-
Astakhov
（m2/g）Horvath-Kawazoe（cm3/g） DFT
PoreSize
（cm3/g）Dubinin-
Astakhov（cm3/g）1 Y56-3（7） 183.341 6 156.913 0 166.985 8 0.042 8 0.045 5 0.064 8 半亮煤 2 Y76-2（6） 219.226 0 157.887 0 166.533 8 0.043 3 0.046 8 0.064 6 光亮煤 3 Y14-18X1（1） 161.037 8 187.910 0 178.326 1 0.049 5 0.052 2 0.067 4 半亮煤 4 Y14-18X1（2） 194.506 3 161.554 0 162.989 0 0.044 1 0.047 2 0.062 4 半亮煤
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表 5 研究区本溪组8#煤岩N2吸附比表面积和孔体积
Table 5. N2 adsorption specific surface area and pore volume of the No.8 coal seam in the Benxi Formation, study area
序号 样品编号 比表面积
（BET法）(m²/g)微孔孔容
（t-plot法）(cm³/g)介孔孔容
（BJH法）(cm³/g)大孔孔容
（BJH法）(cm³/g)1 Y56-3（7） 2.0 0 0.001 852 0.001 028 2 Y76-2（6） 0.1 0.000 075 0.001 072 0.000 178 3 Y14-18X1（1） 4.5 0.000 236 0.004 747 0.000 476 4 Y14-18X1（2） 0.4 0.000 083 0.001 625 0.000 793
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表 6 研究区本溪组8#煤主量元素分析数据
Table 6. Major element analysis data of No. 8 coal seam in the Benxi Formation of the study area
样品编号 深度(m) SiO2(%) TiO2(%) Al2O3(%) TFe2O3(%) MgO(%) CaO(%) Na2O(%) K2O(%) Y156-2（1） 2 239.31 52.10 1.12 25.49 3.64 0.56 15.97 0.56 0.56 Y156-2（2） 2 239.88 66.20 4.50 28.16 0.16 0.22 0.38 0.16 0.16 Y156-2（3） 2 241.32 44.21 0.78 30.30 15.08 0.65 7.93 0.39 0.52 Y156-2（4） 2 241.67 45.67 0.42 41.90 7.68 0.42 1.82 0.28 0.28 Y156-2（5） 2 242.62 50.83 2.52 44.19 0.94 0.41 0.23 0.18 0.67 Y156-2（6） 2 243.42 49.29 0.47 42.92 0.94 0.71 4.95 0.47 0.24 Y156-2（7） 2 244.17 48.37 2.48 43.76 0.25 0.35 4.16 0.15 0.45 Y39-1（1） 2 342.07 36.39 1.71 31.48 6.51 0.85 21.24 0.21 0.32 Y39-1（2） 2 343.28 40.96 0.49 36.02 0.85 0.92 15.61 0.21 0.42 Y39-1（3） 2 344.64 45.98 0.43 38.80 1.85 0.54 11.52 0.22 0.22 Y39-1（4） 2 345.58 49.48 0.57 44.72 0.38 0.57 3.62 0.19 0.19 Y39-1（5） 2 346.88 48.08 1.03 43.85 1.78 0.47 3.94 0.19 0.19 Y39-1（6） 2 347.23 34.79 0.42 32.50 24.40 0.73 5.71 0.21 0.31 Y23-1（1） 2 099.60 46.34 0.94 38.65 1.88 1.88 9.76 0.38 0.19 Y23-1（2） 2 101.71 51.71 2.54 26.54 0.29 1.85 16.68 0.20 0.20 Y23-1（3） 2 102.12 44.12 0.74 34.56 0.37 1.47 18.01 0.37 0.37 Y23-1（4） 2 102.67 51.70 0.82 36.61 3.27 1.40 4.80 0.70 0.70 Y23-1（5） 2 104.87 49.73 1.32 43.93 0.48 0.42 3.47 0.12 0.30 Y23-1（6） 2 106.17 50.40 4.15 43.83 0.12 0.35 0.81 0.12 0.17 Y76-2（1） 2 097.27 63.91 1.41 28.87 0.35 0.35 4.40 0.35 0.35 Y76-2（2） 2 097.61 53.46 0.45 38.93 0.79 0.79 4.43 0.68 0.45 Y76-2（3） 2 098.69 47.09 3.50 42.91 0.68 0.49 4.66 0.39 0.19 Y76-2（4） 2 099.74 45.60 0.28 42.19 6.11 0.57 3.27 0.28 0.28 Y76-2（5） 2 100.35 38.65 0.90 32.93 0.45 1.05 25.41 0.30 0.30 Y56-3（1） 2 334.99 51.06 0.56 42.68 1.45 0.56 3.24 0.11 0.34 Y56-3（2） 2 336.92 42.84 0.99 37.31 14.51 1.28 2.47 - 0.59 Y56-3（3） 2 337.85 39.49 0.59 34.63 20.58 0.49 3.84 0.11 0.27 Y56-3（4） 2 338.75 51.00 2.92 44.99 0.24 0.24 0.33 0.09 0.09 Y56-3（5） 2 339.00 36.48 0.69 31.55 19.33 0.37 10.99 0.05 0.37 Y56-3（6） 2 340.67 40.52 0.94 35.09 21.46 0.26 1.51 0.05 0.10 平均值 47.21 1.36 37.34 5.23 0.71 7.17 0.27 0.33
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