Difference Comparison of Oil Properties between Bashentuo and Yubei Structures in Southwest Tarim Basin, NW China
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摘要: 塔西南坳陷经历70多年的勘探虽发现了巴什托和玉北等油气田，但与塔北坳陷相比仍存在很大差距.长期以来油气来源的争议成为塔西南坳陷勘探部署的制约因素之一.通过采集塔里木盆地34件原油样品开展芳基类异戊二烯烃、硫同位素和正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成分析，开展油源对比研究，并结合烃源岩和原油碳同位素组成以及油气成藏过程分析，比较了二者原油差异性的原因.结果表明：（1）玉北构造带原油主要来自于玉尔吐斯组烃源岩，局部可能存在肖尔布拉克组烃源贡献；巴什托构造带油气可能主要来自于肖尔布拉克组烃源岩，局部可能来自于石炭-二叠系烃源贡献.（2）玉北构造带发育海西中期、海西晚期和喜山晚期三期成藏，但以海西中期和海西晚期为主，且在海西晚期遭受了比较偏强烈的生物降解；巴什托构造带石炭系发生了海西晚期和喜山晚期两期油气成藏，且以晚期成藏为主，其中，海西晚期充注的油气仅局部遭受了轻微的生物降解.（3）油源、油气成藏过程以及原油在海西期遭受生物降解程度的差异性是造成巴什托构造带形成轻质油-凝析油与玉北构造带形成中质油的根本原因.因此，加强肖尔布拉克组和石炭-二叠系烃源岩特征研究是塔西南坳陷下一步勘探部署的关键.Abstract: Since 1952, more than 70 years of the petroleum exploration in the southwest depression of Tarim basin have witnessed the discovery of.several petroleum fields including Bashentuo and Yubei etc., but there is a huge gap for petroleum exploration in comparison with Tabei depression. The key factor is the long-standing argument of uncertain hydrocarbon sources constraining the deployment in this area. In this research, 34 crude oil samples in Tarim basin have been collected to analyze their aryl isoprenoids, sulfur isotopic ratio and composite specific carbon isotopic ratio, which has been utilized for oil correlation and difference comparison of oil properties between Bashentuo and Yubei structures by cooperating stable carbon isotopic ratios of kerogens and bulk oils and hydrocarbon charging process. Several significant results have been obtained as follows. (1) The hydrocarbon in Yubei structure mainly comes from the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation (∈1y) source rock, and from Xiaoerbulake Formation (∈1x) source rock locally. The hydrocarbon in Bashentuo structure possibly mainly comes from the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation (∈1x) source rock, and from the Carboniferous and Permian source rocks locally. (2) Three hydrocarbon charging events occurred in Yubei structure during the middle Hycynian, the late Hycynian and Himalayan, respectively, and the first and second events consist of the main charging hydrocarbons which underwent quite strong biodegradation; only two charging events took place in Bashentuo structure during the late Hycynian and the Himalayan, respectively, and the second event is composed of the main charging hydrocarbon, and the first charging oil underwent weak biodegradation locally. (3) The reasons of light oil and condensate accumulated in Bashentuo structure and medium quality oil accumulated in Yubei structure are due to the differences of sources, charging events and degrees of biodegradation during the late Hycynian. Therefore, the key for the future exploration is to reinforce the geochemical study of source rocks of Xiaoerbulake Formation and the Carboniferous and Permian in the southwest Tarim basin.
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图 1 塔里木盆地塔西南坳陷构造分区(a)和地层综合柱状图(b)
Fig. 1. The tectonic division (a) and the synthetic stratigraphic column (b) in the Southwest Tarim basin
图 2 巴什托构造带剖面（a）和玉北构造带剖面（b）
剖面位置见图 1
Fig. 2. The sections of Bashentuo structure (a) and Yubei structure (b)
图 3 玉北和巴什托构造带原油中检测到和未检测到芳基类异二烯烃GC-MS典型图谱比较
a.检测到芳基类异戊二烯烃；b，c.未检测到芳基类异戊二烯烃
Fig. 3. The typical GC-MS spectrum contrast between detected and undetected aryl isoprenoids of crude oils in Yubei and Bashentuo structures
图 4 塔里木盆地硫同位素组成（δ34S/‰）分布
寒武系和上奥陶统古海水硫同位素组成数据来自于刘文汇等（2015）
Fig. 4. Diagram of distribution of δ34S (‰) in Tarim basin
图 5 塔西南地区原油硫同位素组成油源判识
Fig. 5. The identification pattern of oil sources by δ34S in the Southwest Tarim basin
图 6 塔里木盆地寒武系和奥陶系烃源岩干酪根和原油稳定碳同位素组成分布
Fig. 6. The δ13C distribution pattern of source rock kerogens and crude oils for the Cambrian and Ordovician in Tarim basin
图 7 塔里木盆地不同地区原油正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成分布
Fig. 7. The compound specific carbon isotopic ratio distribution pattern of crude oils for the different areas in Tarim basin
图 8 塔西南地区原油金刚烷化合物MDI与MAI关系
MDI=4-MD/（4-MD+1-MD+3-MD）；MAI=1-MA/（1-MA+2-MA）；MA.甲基单金刚烷；MD.甲基双金刚烷
Fig. 8. The plot of MDI vs. MAI of adamantane compounds of crude oils in the Southwest Tarim basin
图 9 玉北与塔河奥陶系原油生标差异对比
Fig. 9. The contrast of crude oil biomarkers between Yubei and Tahe Ordovician
图 10 塔西南地区原油MDBT/MP与DBTs关系
DBTs.总二苯并噻吩类化合物；MDBT.甲基二苯并噻吩；MP.甲基菲
Fig. 10. The plot of MDBT/MP vs. DBTs of crude oils in the Southwest Tarim basin
图 11 塔西南坳陷巴什托和玉北构造带油气成藏期次和时期确定图
Fig. 11. The diagram showing hydrocarbon charging events and chronologies in Bashentuo and Yubei structures of the Southwest Tarim basin
图 12 塔西南坳陷巴什托和玉北构造带原油饱和烃气相色谱
Fig. 12. The GC spectra of saturated hydrocarbon of crude oils in Bashentuo and Yubei structures in the Southwest Tarim basin
图 13 塔西南坳陷及邻区上奥陶统却尔却克组等厚图
Fig. 13. The contour map of the Upper Ordovician Queerqueke Formation in the Southwest Tarim basin and surrounding areas
表 1 本研究采集的塔里木盆地原油样品信息
Table 1. The crude oil sample information for the first and second batches in Tarim basin in this study
序号 构造带 样品编号 井号 层位 深度（m） 测试单位 1 巴什托 G011149 巴开2 D3d 4 945~4 956 德国地学中心 2 G011150 巴开8 D3d 4 950.5~4 960.5 3 G011173 巴开7 D3d 4 948~4 953 4 G011179 麦3 C2x 4 299.5~4 300.51 5 G011181 巴参1 C1b 2 375~2 390 6 TWN-1 麦3 P1n 4 300.51 中科院地质与地球物理研究所、长江大学教育部重点实验室 7 TWN-14 麦6 P1n 4 308.3~4 318 8 TWN-3 麦4 C1b 4 755~4 767 9 TWN-4 巴开5 C1b 4 498~4 850 10 TWN-11 巴参1 C1b 2 375~2 390 11 TWN-2 巴探4 D3d 4 913~4 965 12 玉北 G011183 玉北1-2X O1‒2y 5 105~5 190 德国地学中心 13 TWN-6 玉北1-2X O1‒2y 5 100~5 190 中科院地质与地球物理研究所、长江大学教育部重点实验室 14 TWN-7 巴开3 C1b 4 772~4 775 15 TWN-8 玉北1-4 O1‒2y 5 044.4~5 138 16 TWN-9 玉北1-5 O1‒2y 5 309~5 333.55 17 TWN-10 玉北1-1 O1‒2y 5 956.99~6 020 18 TWN-12 玉北1 O1‒2y 5 594.96~5 620 19 TWN-13 玉北1-3H O1‒2y 5 809.97~6 382 20 麦盖提斜坡 TWN-5 皮山北新1 E2 6 919~6 932 21 顺托果勒 G011168 顺9 S1k 5 560.5~5 583 德国地学中心 22 G011169 顺7 O1‒2y 6 820~6 912 23 塔河 G011176 雅轮2-3 K1bs 5 198~5 411(斜) 德国地学中心 24 G011163 雅开1 K1yU 5 248~5 282 25 G011164 雅开9X K1yL 5 375.5~5 390(斜) 26 G011155 沙47 O1‒2y 5 346~5 497 27 G011156 沙70 C1kl 5 153.02~5 166 28 G011158 塔开310 C1kl 4 918~4 922 29 G011166 雅探2-11H T-Ⅲ 4 650~4 940 30 G011171 塔开846CH O2yj 5 594.2~5 680 31 G011160 托普106 O2yj 6 299~6 333.82 32 G011161 托普205X O2yj 6 477~6 531.7 33 G011170 阿探AT5 O2yj 6 554.17~6 595.02 34 G011177 艾丁25 O2yj 6 530.5~6 580.11 
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表 2 塔里木盆地原油和烃源岩芳基类异戊二烯烃系列化合物检测结果
Table 2. The measurements of serial aryl isoprenoid compounds of crude oils and source rocks in Tarim basin
构造带/位置 样品类型 井号 层位 1, 2, 3, 4-TMB 2, 3, 6-AIPs+2, 3, 4-AIPs 资料来源 巴什托 原油 巴开2 D3d × × 本文 巴开8 D3d × × 巴开7 D3d × × 巴参1 C1b × × 巴开3 C1b × × 巴开5 C1b × × 麦4 C1b × × 巴探4 D3d × × 麦6 P1n × × 麦3 P1n × × 麦3 C2x × × 玉北 原油 玉北1-2X O1‒2y √ √ 本文 玉北1-4 O1‒2y － √ 玉北1-5 O1‒2y × × 玉北1-1 O1‒2y － √ 玉北1 O1‒2y － √ 玉北1-3H O1‒2y － √ 玉北1 O1‒2y － √ 孙永革等（2021） 和田河油田 原油 玛3 C1b、O3l － √ 李梦勤等（2025） 玛4 C1b+O1‒2y － √ 玛8 C1b － √ 麦盖提斜坡 原油 罗斯2 O1p － √ 皮山北新1 K2y × × 本文 沙雅隆起 原油 于奇901 O1‒2y √ √ 于奇103 O1‒2y √ √ 于奇5-9 O1‒2y √ √ 雅东1 J1、K1y √ √ 沙47 O1‒2y √ √ 沙70 C1kl √ √ 塔开310 C1kl √ √ 塔开846CH O2yj √ √ 托普106 O2yj √ √ 托普205X O2yj √ √ 阿探5 O2yj √ √ 艾丁25 O2yj √ √ 英探2-11H T-Ⅲ √ √ 沙116 O2yj － √ 孙永革等（2021） 轮南631 O1‒2y － √ 李梦勤等（2025） 轮南62 S1t － √ 英古2 O － √ 塔中隆起 原油 塔中62 S1t － √ 中深1C ∈1x － √ 顺北 原油 顺7 O1‒2y × × 本文 顺9 S1k √ √ 柯坪 烃源岩 肖尔布拉克剖面 ∈1y － √ 王道伟（2023）; 张科等（2023） 大湾沟剖面 O2+3s － × 轮南 秋探1 ∈1y － √ 轮探1 ∈1y － √ 塔东 塔东2 ∈1x － √ 塔东2 O1‒2h － √ 巴楚 和4 ∈ － √ 塔中 塔中10 O2+3 × 塔中12 O2+3 × 注：√.检测得到；×.检测不到；－.未做分析.
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表 3 塔西南地区原油硫同位素组成分析结果
Table 3. The measured δ34S-VCDT of crude oils in Southwest Tarim basin
构造带 样品编号 井号 层位 深度（m） δ34S-VCDT（‰） 巴什托 TWN-1 麦3 P1n 4 300.51 +7.95 TWN-14 麦6 P1n 4 308.3~4 318 +8.80 TWN-15 曲1 C1b 4 731.4~4 905.6 +7.21 TWN-3 麦4 C1b 4 755~4 767 +12.76 TWN-2 巴探4 D3d 4 913~4 965 +11.90 TWN-11 巴参1 C1b 2 375~2 390 +13.50 TWN-7 巴开3 C1b 4 772~4 775 +14.34 TWN-4 巴开5 C1b 4 498~4 850 +16.12 玉北 TWN-6 玉北1-2X O1-2y 5 100~5 190 +17.73 TWN-8 玉北1-4 O1-2y 5 044.4~5 138 +18.17 TWN-10 玉北1-1 O1-2y 5 956.99~6 020 +18.26 TWN-12 玉北1 O1-2y 5 594.96~5 620 +18.14 TWN-13 玉北1-3H O1-2y 5 809.97~6 382 +18.05 TWN-9 玉北1-5 O1-2y 5 309~5 333.55 +18.07 麦盖提斜坡 TWN-5 皮山北新1 E2 6 919~6 932 +17.94
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表 4 塔里木盆地原油正构烷烃单体碳同位素组成（δ13Ci，‰VPDB）
Table 4. The compound specific carbon isotopic ratios (δ13Ci, ‰VPDB) of crude oils in Tarim basin
构造带 井号 层位 nC14 nC15 nC16 nC17 nC18 nC19 nC20 nC21 nC22 nC23 nC24 nC25 nC26 nC27 nC28 nC29 nC30 nC31 巴什托 巴开8 D3d -35.46 -35.69 -35.68 -35.75 -35.76 -35.61 -35.78 -35.91 -35.78 -35.81 -35.89 -35.78 巴开7 D3d -35.64 -35.99 -36.10 -36.06 -36.20 -35.70 -36.71 -36.93 -36.75 -36.49 -36.33 -36.38 -36.14 -37.34 麦3 P1n -32.74 -32.87 -32.58 -32.65 -32.69 -32.68 -32.92 -33.15 -33.28 -33.18 -33.37 -33.06 -33.00 -33.38 -34.57 巴参1 C1b -34.40 -34.93 -34.92 -35.05 -35.39 -35.20 -35.85 -35.71 -35.59 -35.71 -35.10 -36.11 玉北 玉北1-2X O1-2y -33.91 -34.00 -33.85 -33.50 -34.04 -33.83 -33.91 -34.51 -33.46 -34.46 -34.64 -34.03 顺托果勒 顺9 S1k -33.96 -34.22 -34.29 -34.60 -34.19 -34.13 -34.37 -34.63 -34.58 -34.67 -34.36 -34.19 -34.63 -33.92 -33.83 -34.48 顺7 O1-2y -31.47 -31.64 -31.54 -31.55 -31.84 -32.34 -32.61 -33.20 -33.42 -33.72 -33.72 -34.32 -33.56 -33.39 -34.17 -33.91 -33.71 -34.64 塔河 雅轮2-3 K1bs -23.69 -24.06 -23.89 -24.08 -24.47 -24.81 -25.28 -25.64 -26.11 -26.48 -28.63 -27.35 -27.22 -26.77 -26.57 -28.19 雅开1 K1yU -33.34 -33.78 -33.68 -33.93 -33.81 -33.73 -34.00 -34.33 -33.99 -34.54 -34.05 -33.90 -34.27 -34.94 -35.25 雅开9x K1yL -33.43 -34.03 -33.78 -33.84 -33.72 -33.62 -33.83 -33.92 -33.99 -34.12 -33.76 -33.81 -34.37 -34.39 -34.77 沙47 O1-2y -33.90 -34.22 -34.33 -34.48 -34.51 -34.16 -34.32 -34.69 -34.41 -34.90 -34.78 -34.36 -34.67 -35.40 -35.08 -35.79 沙70 C1kl -33.91 -34.16 -34.31 -34.38 -34.19 -33.84 -34.00 -34.41 -34.30 -34.54 -34.32 -34.38 -34.26 -34.81 -34.79 -35.64 -35.18 塔开310 C1kl -34.06 -34.57 -34.48 -34.53 -34.49 -34.19 -34.41 -34.82 -34.77 -34.95 -34.83 -34.77 -34.86 -35.13 -34.73 -35.34 -35.36 英探2-11H T-Ⅲ -33.41 -33.81 -33.79 -33.96 -34.02 -33.78 -33.44 -34.00 -33.57 -33.84 -34.09 -34.12 -34.21 -34.68 -34.21 -34.48 塔开846CH O2yj -33.91 -34.27 -34.40 -34.56 -34.58 -34.33 -34.56 -35.00 -34.62 -34.98 -34.64 -35.85 -35.18 -33.88 -35.27 托普106 O2yj -34.39 -34.84 -34.36 -34.61 -34.95 -34.55 -34.57 -34.95 -34.45 -34.61 -35.07 -35.38 -34.17 托普205x O2yj -34.49 -34.58 -35.00 -34.92 -34.62 -34.41 -34.27 -34.57 -34.57 -34.76 -34.80 -34.75 -34.64 -35.17 -35.08 阿探5 O2yj -33.52 -34.03 -33.90 -33.97 -34.08 -34.02 -34.50 -34.96 -34.90 -35.08 -35.10 -34.95 -35.23 -34.43 -35.42 -35.25 -34.89 -36.57 艾丁25 O2yj -34.43 -35.55 -35.26 -35.24 -35.26 -35.06 -35.19 -36.13 -35.30 -35.57
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表 5 巴什托和玉北构造带原油地面物理性质对比统计
Table 5. The statistical comparison of surface crude oil physical properties between Bashentuo and Yubei structural belts
构造带 井号 井段
（m）层位 密度
(g/cm3)动力粘度
(mPa⋅s)凝固点
(℃)含硫量
(%)含蜡量
(%)初馏点
(℃)原油类型 玉北 玉北1 5 603.68~5 630 O1‒2y 0.916 3 90.87 < ‒34 0.69 6.63 90.8 中质油 玉北1-1 5 956.99~6 020.00 O1‒2y 0.931 8 260.11 ‒32 0.68 4.41 149.10 中质油 玉北1-2X 5 105~5 450 O1‒2y 0.934 6 393.33 < ‒34 0.82 15.15 131.1 中质油 玉北1-3H 5 809.97~6 382 O1‒2y 0.918 2 114.14 < ‒34 0.72 2.51 90.9 中质油 玉北1-4 5 044.4~5 138 O1‒2y 0.926 6 184.45 ‒26 0.77 6.5 144.3 中质油 巴什托 巴开8 4 950.5~4 999.5 D3d 0.789 2 1.82 < ‒34 0.08 5.32 60.0 凝析油 巴开2 4 944~4 979.65 D3d 0.813 7 3.25 < ‒34 0.08 5.63 85.0 轻质油 巴开3 4 772~4 775 C1b 0.800 8 1.71 < ‒34 0.16 5.29 51.0 凝析油 巴开4H 4 955.5~5 158.21 C1b 0.825 8 2.94 < ‒34 0.21 4.38 80.8 轻质油 巴开6 4 311~4 395 C1b 0.832 0 3.34 < ‒34 0.22 4.96 － 轻质油 巴探4 4 913.65 D3d 0.830 3 4.97 < ‒34 0.12 14.20 86.4 轻质油 麦3 4 299.5~4 300.51 C2x 0.782 0 1.134 < ‒31 0.24 0.068 85.1 凝析油 麦4 4 755.5~4 767 C1b 0.799 3 1.65 < ‒34 0.17 5.43 53.1 轻质油 群5 4 784.5~4 882.5 C1b 0.796 1 － ‒30.5 － 1.05~4.8 58~72 轻质油 群5-1 4 871~ 4 874 C1b 0.793 4 － － － － － 轻质油 群7 4 877~4 875 C1b 0.801 2 － － － － － 轻质油 南隆 皮山北新1 6 919~6 932 E2 0.828 4~ 0.847 3 3.49~5.39 － 0.22~0.29 0.47~0.81 － 轻质油 注：“－”表示信息缺损.动力粘度在20-30 ℃温度下测定.
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