Special Geological Conditions, Genetic Types, and Significance of Petroleum Exploration in Low Exploration Degree Depressions of Bohai Bay Basin
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摘要: 为破解渤海湾盆地富油气凹陷储量接替压力，推动新区油气资源快速转化，本研究通过系统梳理各低勘探程度凹陷勘探与研究现状，结合地质分析与多维度分类评价方法，剖析其特殊地质条件、类型分布及勘探意义.结果表明，低勘探程度凹陷具备咸化湖盆优质烃源岩、深大断裂与异常热流改善成藏条件、与富油气凹陷协同演化等优势，基于主观原因、实施效果、结构类型、沉降类型、生烃机制、与主力凹陷协同演化关系等多维度可划分为多种类型，平面分区特征明显.结论认为，低勘探程度凹陷勘探前景良好，不同类型凹陷地质与勘探难点差异显著，经多维度分类评价与精准部署，通过揭示优势成藏条件有望实现油气突破，推动盆地油气资源有效接替.Abstract: To address the pressure of reserve replacement in the oil-rich sags of the Bohai Bay basin and promote the rapid conversion of oil and gas resources in new areas, this study systematically reviews the exploration and research status of various low exploration degree depressions, and analyzes their special geological conditions, type distribution, and exploration significance by combining geological analysis with multi-dimensional classification evaluation methods. The results indicate that low exploration depressions possess advantages such as high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in salinized lake basins, improved reservoir-forming conditions due to deep faults and abnormal heat flow, and co-evolution with oil-rich sags. Based on multiple dimensions including subjective reasons, implementation effects, structural types, subsidence types, hydrocarbon generation mechanisms, and co-evolution relationships with major depressions, various types can be classified, with distinct planar zoning characteristics. It is concluded that low exploration degree depressions have good exploration prospects, and there are significant differences in geological and exploration difficulties among different types of depressions. Through multi-dimensional classification evaluation and precise deployment, it is expected to achieve oil and gas breakthroughs by revealing advantageous reservoir-forming conditions, thereby promoting effective succession of oil and gas resources in the basin.
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图 1 渤海湾超级盆地低勘探程度凹陷分布及地层柱状图
①营口-潍坊走滑断裂带; ②黄骅-东濮走滑断裂带; ③霸县-汤阴走滑断裂带; ④张家口-蓬莱走滑断裂带
Fig. 1. Distribution of low exploration degree depression in Bohai Bay Super Basin and stratigraphic system map
图 2 保定凹陷沙一段下亚段富藻源岩的生烃演化模式（据李志军等，2024）
Fig. 2. Hydrocarbon generation evolution of algae-rich source rock in the lower submember of member 1 of Shahejie Formation of Baoding depression (from Li et al., 2024)
图 3 渤海湾超级盆地地壳厚度与大地热流分布
a.地壳厚度(据徐长贵等(2019)修改); b.大地热流(据张功成等(2024)修改)
Fig. 3. Hydrothermal distribution map of Bohai Bay Super basin
图 4 保定-饶阳凹陷沙一段沉积相与地层展布特征剖面（据张锐锋等(2023)修改）
a.沙一段沉积相图；b.地层对比图
Fig. 4. Sectional map of sedimentary facies and stratigraphic distribution characteristics of the first member of Shahejie Formation in Baoding-Raoyang depression (from Zhang et al., 2023)
图 5 渤海湾超级盆地不同类型低勘探程度凹陷类型划分
a.按低勘探程度较低的原因分类; b.按勘探效果分类; c.按凹陷结构类型分类; d.按沉降类型分类; e.按生烃机制分类; f按与主力凹陷协同演化关系分类
Fig. 5. Plan distribution map of different types of low exploration degree depressions in the Bohai Bay Super basin
图 6 渤海湾超级盆地低勘探程度凹陷资料情况
a.钻井数直方图；b.探井密度直方图；c.三位覆盖率直方图；d.探明储量直方图
Fig. 6. Map of low exploration depression data in Bohai Bay Super basin
图 7 低勘探程度凹陷结构样式剖面
a.单断式半地堑；b.多断式半地堑；c.地堑；d.伸展‒走滑复合型
Fig. 7. Profile of structural styles in low exploration degree depressions
图 8 主要低勘探程度凹陷总沉降史
a.早期型；b.中期型；c.多期继承型；d.晚期型
Fig. 8. Total subsidence history of major low exploration degree depressions
表 1 渤海湾超级盆地主要低勘探程度凹陷不同层位源岩指标参数
Table 1. Source rock index parameters for different horizons in the main low exploration degree sag of the Bohai Bay Super basin
层位 构造时期 古气候 凹陷名称 烃源岩厚度(m) TOC含量(%) 有机质类型 母质来源 古盐度 古氧相 富集模式 沙一段 断陷Ⅳ幕 炎热干旱 大中旺凹陷 200~450 1.58~3.2 Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2型 低等水生生物 咸水 还原 凉爽湿润、盐度分层、还原条件、较高水生生产率 保定凹陷 75~200 0.4~2.03 Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2型 混合来源 半咸水 还原 凉爽湿润、盐度分层、还原条件、混合来源输入 沙三段 断陷Ⅲ幕 温暖湿润 北塘凹陷 0~1 200 0.75~1.5 Ⅰ、Ⅱ1型 混合来源 咸水 弱还原 温暖潮湿、盐度分层、弱还原条件、较高水生生产率 青东凹陷 0~400 0~3.88 Ⅰ、Ⅱ1型 混合来源 淡水 弱氧化‒弱还原 温暖潮湿、温度分层、弱氧化、弱还原条件、较高水生生产率 大厂凹陷 0~1 100 0.67~2.17 Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2型 混合来源 淡水 弱氧化‒弱还原 温暖潮湿、温度分层、弱氧化、弱还原条件、较高水生生产率 沙四段 断陷Ⅱ幕 炎热干旱 青东凹陷 200~450 1.58~3.2 Ⅰ、Ⅱ1型 低等水生生物 咸水 还原 炎热干旱、盐度分层、还原条件、较高水生生产率 保定凹陷 10~400 0.8~1.68 Ⅲ型 混合来源 咸水 还原 炎热干旱、盐度分层、还原条件、混合来源输入 孔店组 断陷Ⅰ幕 炎热干旱 潍北凹陷 100~700 1.74~16.85 Ⅲ型 低等水生生物 半咸水‒咸水 还原 炎热干旱、盐度分层、还原条件、较高水生生产率 保定凹陷 0~380 0.73~0.94 Ⅲ型 混合来源 咸水 还原 炎热干旱、盐度分层、还原条件、混合来源输入 
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表 2 渤海湾超级盆地主要低勘探程度凹陷综合分类
Table 2. Comprehensive classification of major low exploration degree depression of Bohai Bay Super basin
凹陷名称 地面工程 资料情况 凹陷结构类型 沉降类型 生烃机制 演化特征 大厂 地质条件（认识不清） 一类 单断式半地堑 中期型 热液、咸化环境 单独演化 北京 地面工程 三类 单断式半地堑 早期型 咸化环境 单独演化 武清 地质条件（钻探失利） 二类 斜交式半地堑 多期继承型 热液 单独演化 徐水 地质条件（认识不清） 三类 单断式半地堑 早期型 常规 单独演化 保定 地质条件（认识不清） 一类 单断式半地堑 早期型 咸化环境 协同演化 石家庄 地面工程 二类 单断式半地堑 早期型 咸化环境 单独演化 邯郸 地质条件（钻探失利） 三类 地堑 早期型 热液、咸化环境 单独演化 前磨头 地质条件（钻探失利） 三类 单断式半地堑 多期继承型 常规 单独演化 白塘口 地质条件（认识不清） 三类 单断式半地堑 中期型 常规 单独演化 巨鹿 地质条件（钻探失利） 二类 单断式半地堑 早期型 热液 单独演化 丘县 地质条件（钻探失利） 三类 地堑 中期型 煤成油气 单独演化 南宫 地质条件（钻探失利） 三类 单断式半地堑 中期型 常规 单独演化 大营镇 地质条件（钻探失利） 三类 单断式半地堑 中期型 常规 单独演化 冠县 地质条件（钻探失利） 三类 地堑 中期型 热液、咸化环境、煤成油气 协同演化 莘县 地质条件（认识不清） 二类 地堑 中期型 咸化环境、煤成油气 单独演化 汤阴 地质条件（钻探失利） 三类 地堑 早期型 热液 单独演化 德州 地质条件（认识不清） 二类 多断式半地堑 中期型 热液、咸化环境、煤成油气 协同演化 盐山 地质条件（认识不清） 三类 地堑 晚期型 常规 单独演化 吴桥 地质条件（认识不清） 三类 地堑 早期型 热液 单独演化 大中旺 地质条件（认识不清） 一类 斜交式半地堑 多期继承型 常规 单独演化 北塘 地质条件（认识不清） 一类 多断式半地堑 多期继承型 热液、咸化环境 协同演化 落潮湾 地质条件（认识不清） 二类 单断式半地堑 晚期型 常规 单独演化 涧河 地面工程 三类 单断式半地堑 晚期型 煤成油气 协同演化 乐亭 地面工程 三类 单断式半地堑 多期继承型 常规 协同演化 昌黎 地面工程 三类 多断式半地堑 多期继承型 常规 单独演化 青东 地面工程 一类 伸展‒走滑复合型半地堑 多期继承型 热液 单独演化 潍北 地面工程 一类 伸展‒走滑复合型半地堑 早期型 热液 单独演化 莱南 地面工程 三类 伸展‒走滑复合型半地堑 早期型 热液 单独演化 庙西 地质条件（认识不清） 一类 伸展‒走滑复合型半地堑 早期型 热液、咸化环境 单独演化 莱州湾 地质条件（认识不清） 一类 伸展‒走滑复合型半地堑 早期型 热液、咸化环境 单独演化 辽东 地质条件（认识不清） 一类 伸展‒走滑复合型半地堑 晚期型 常规 单独演化 渤东 地质条件（认识不清） 一类 伸展‒走滑复合型半地堑 晚期型 咸化环境 单独演化 里坦 地质条件（认识不清） 三类 单断式半地堑 中期型 常规 单独演化 阜城 地质条件（认识不清） 三类 单断式半地堑 中期型 常规 单独演化
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