Pore-Scale Biofilm Evolution and Its Control on Dissolved Oxygen Distribution
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摘要:
缺氧微区是多孔介质中重要的氧化还原反应热点区域，但对于其形成与演化机制并不完全清楚.基于自主构建的孔隙网络尺度微流控实验平台，结合微生物膜与溶解氧（dissolved oxygen，DO）原位可视化监测技术，系统研究了营养供给浓度与水动力条件对微生物膜生长及DO时空分布演化的影响机制，并在孔隙尺度下直接观测与解析了缺氧微区的形成与演化过程.微生物膜生长与营养供给浓度并非正相关.仅12.5 mg/L葡萄糖供给浓度搭配0.125水力梯度能使DO空间分布始终呈现“全局富氧-局部缺氧”的格局，从而维持持续性缺氧微区，其余场景仅能形成短暂性缺氧微区.营养供给浓度与水动力条件的协同作用，通过调控DO供给与消耗的动态平衡，主导了持续性缺氧微区的形成与演化.
Abstract:Anoxic microzone is an important redox reaction hotspot in porous media, however, the mechanism of its formation and evolution is not completely clear. Based on the self-built pore network-scale microfluidic experimental platform, combined with the in-situ visualization monitoring technology of biofilm and dissolved oxygen (DO), the effects of nutrient supply concentration and hydrodynamic conditions on the growth of microbial biofilm and the temporal and spatial distribution evolution of DO were systematically studied. The formation and evolution of anoxic microzones were directly observed and analyzed at the pore scale. Microbial membrane growth was not positively correlated with nutrient supply concentration. Only 12.5 mg/L glucose supply concentration combined with 0.125 hydraulic gradient can make the spatial distribution of DO always show the pattern of ' global oxic-local anoxic', so as to maintain the persistent anoxic microzone, and the other scenarios can only form temporary anoxic microzone. The synergistic effect of nutrient supply concentration and hydrodynamic conditions dominates the formation and evolution of persistent anoxic microzones by regulating the dynamic balance of DO supply and consumption.
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Key words:
- biofilm /
- anoxic microzone /
- pore scale /
- microfluidics /
- dissolved oxygen /
- redox environment /
- environmental geology
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图 2 平面光极DO传感器拟合曲线
a~e依次对应N-1~N-5
Fig. 2. Fitting curves of DO calibration based on planar optode sensor
图 3 微生物膜时空分布
灰色为介质颗粒，绿色部分为微生物膜
Fig. 3. Spatial and temporal distribution of microbial membrane
图 4 微生物膜饱和度随时间的变化
a.不同营养供给浓度；b.不同水力梯度
Fig. 4. The change of microbial membrane saturation with time
图 5 不同营养供给浓度、水力梯度条件下含水介质DO空间分布
Fig. 5. The spatial distribution of DO in aquifer medium under different nutrient supply concentrations and different hydraulic gradients
图 7 不同营养供给浓度条件下含水介质中微生物膜及缺氧区时空分布
绿色部分为微生物膜，红色部分为缺氧区
Fig. 7. The spatial and temporal distribution of microbial membrane and anoxic zone in aqueous medium under different nutrient supply concentrations
图 8 不同水力梯度条件下含水介质中微生物膜及缺氧区时空分布
绿色部分为微生物膜，红色部分为缺氧区
Fig. 8. Spatial and temporal distribution of microbial membrane and anoxic zone in aqueous media under different hydraulic gradient conditions
表 1 各实验方案营养物质含量、DO浓度及水力梯度参数设置
Table 1. Nutrient content, DO concentration and hydraulic gradient parameter setting of each experimental scheme
方案编号 葡萄糖(mg/L) NaNO3(mg/L) KH2PO4(mg/L) CaCl2(mg/L) H3BO3(mg/L) MgSO4×7H2O(mg/L) MnSO4×H2O(mg/L) DO(mg/L) Δh N-1 125 34.27 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.374 0.626 7~9 0.125 00 N-2 50 13.71 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.374 0.626 7~9 0.125 00 N-3 12.5 3.43 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.374 0.626 7~9 0.125 00 N-4 125 34.27 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.374 0.626 7~9 0.062 50 N-5 125 34.27 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.374 0.626 7~9 0.031 25 
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