Abstract: With the advancement of hydrocarbon exploration toward deeper, thinner, and more geologically complex unconventional reservoirs, extracting geological information from seismic data and elucidating the characteristics and spatial distribution of facies and reservoirs have become key factors in enhancing exploration and development efficiency. Seismic sedimentology provides an effective technical approach to achieve these goals. Seismic sedimentology, which investigates sedimentary rocks and depositional processes based on seismic data, has emerged as a new discipline following seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy. It consists of two complementary branches: the model-driven seismic geomorphology (qualitative) and the data-driven seismic lithology (quantitative). Commonly employed techniques include phase rotation, stratal slicing, seismic attribute extraction, spectral decomposition, RGB blending, principal component analysis (PCA), and stochastic inversion. Specifically, seismic geomorphology typically integrates phase rotation, stratal slicing, spectral decomposition, and RGB blending; whereas seismic lithology combines phase rotation, attribute extraction, PCA, and stochastic inversion. By applying seismic sedimentology to different stratigraphic intervals in the Sichuan, Tarim, Junggar, and Qaidam basins central-western China—including the Cambrian, Ordovician, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary systems—both model-driven and data-driven approaches have been used to reconstruct depositional facies, predict reservoir architecture, and infer fluid properties. Application results demonstrate that seismic sedimentology effectively addresses the technical challenges associated with the transition of exploration targets toward deep, thin, and subtle reservoirs, making it a powerful and efficient solution for the exploration and development of complex hydrocarbon accumulations.