Main Controlling Factors and Accumulation Models of Upper Paleozoic Coalbed Methane in Huanghua Depression
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摘要: 黄骅坳陷构造格局复杂，上古生界煤层埋深、热演化程度和保存条件空间差异明显，煤层气富集规律及成藏类型尚不明确，制约了区域煤层气勘探开发部署.以研究区太原组、山西组主力含煤地层为对象，综合煤厚展布、煤岩煤质、镜质体反射率（Ro）平面分布、典型井埋藏-热演化史、构造演化及岩浆活动资料，分析沉积、构造深埋和岩浆作用对煤层气成藏的控制.太原组煤层厚度和横向连续性整体优于山西组，王官屯-乌马营和孔店-埕海地区为主要聚煤区；构造深埋作用导致区域性高成熟度及保存条件分异，多期构造反转则造成气藏调整，岩浆热事件不仅导致浅埋或构造高部位出现异常高熟，还能叠加改造深埋煤系.研究区煤层气富集受埋藏增温、构造调整和岩浆热改造共同控制，可划分为浅埋岩浆作用、构造深埋作用、多期构造反转作用和深埋岩浆作用4类成藏模式.本研究成果可为黄骅坳陷上古生界煤层气有利区优选与勘探潜力评价提供理论支撑.Abstract: The Huanghua Depression is characterized by complex structural units. The Upper Paleozoic coal seams show marked spatial variations in burial depth, thermal maturity, and preservation conditions, and the enrichment patterns and accumulation types of coalbed methane remain unclear. This study integrated coal-thickness distribution, coal petrographic and coal-quality characteristics, plane distribution of vitrinite reflectance (Ro), burial-thermal evolution histories of typical wells, tectonic evolution, and borehole evidence of magmatic rocks to analyze the controls of sedimentation, tectonic deep burial, and magmatism on coalbed methane accumulation. The coal thickness and lateral continuity of the Taiyuan Formation are generally better than those of the Shanxi Formation, and the Wangguantun-Wumaying and Kongdian-Chenghai areas are the main coal-accumulation zones. Tectonic deep burial resulted in regional high maturity and differentiation of preservation conditions; multi-stage tectonic inversion caused reservoir adjustment; and magmatic thermal events led to abnormally high maturity in shallow-burial areas or structural highs, and could further modify deeply buried coal measures. Coalbed methane enrichment in the study area is jointly controlled by burial heating, tectonic adjustment, and magmatic thermal modification. Four accumulation models are identified: shallow-burial magmatic model, tectonic deep-burial model, multi-stage tectonic inversion model, and deep-burial magmatic model. This study provides a theoretical basis for favorable area selection and exploration potential evaluation of Upper Paleozoic CBM in the Huanghua Depression.
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图 1 黄骅坳陷构造位置及上古生界地层综合柱状图（据刘海涛等，2026）
Fig. 1. Tectonic location of the Huanghua Depression and composite stratigraphic column of the Upper Paleozoic
图 2 黄骅坳陷山西组（a）和太原组（b）煤层厚度平面分布图
Fig. 2. Plane distribution of coal thickness in the Shanxi (a) and Taiyuan (b) formations of the Huanghua Depression
图 3 煤中显微组分类型及赋存样式
a.GT1H井，3 642 m，结构镜质体；b.GT1H井，3 650 m，均质镜质体；c.GT1H井，3 710 m，基质镜质体和碎屑镜质体；d.GT1H井，3 642 m，碎屑惰质体；e.GT1H井，3 710 m，碎屑惰质体；f.GT1H井，3 650 m，半丝质体；g.GT1H井，3 642 m，角质体；h.GT1H井，3 710 m，树脂体；i.GT1H井，3 711 m，孢子体
Fig. 3. Maceral types and occurrence patterns of Upper Paleozoic coals in the Huanghua Depression
图 4 黄骅坳陷上古生界煤储层孔隙结构扫描电镜特征
a.有机质、高岭石黏土及有机质孔隙；b.有机质、有机质孔隙及孔隙中充填的高岭石黏土、石英等矿物；c.有机质、有机质孔隙、有机质裂缝及孔缝中充填的高岭石黏土和方解石；d.有机质、有机质裂缝及裂缝中充填的高岭石黏土；e.碎屑颗粒、有机质、黏土矿物及微孔缝；f.碎屑颗粒、黏土矿物、有机质及微孔缝
Fig. 4. Scanning electron microscope characteristics of pore-fracture structures in Upper Paleozoic coal reservoirs of the Huanghua Depression
图 7 黄骅坳陷上古生界典型井埋藏‒热演化史模拟图
a.黄骅坳陷南部WS1井；b.黄骅坳陷北部HG1井
Fig. 7. Burial-thermal evolution histories of typical Upper Paleozoic wells in the Huanghua Depression
图 8 黄骅坳陷大港探区石炭‒二叠系Ro平面分布图
Fig. 8. Plane distribution map of Carboniferous-Permian Ro in Dagang exploration area of Huanghua Depression
图 9 黄骅坳陷上古生界煤系Ro与埋深关系
Fig. 9. Relationship between vitrinite reflectance and burial depth of Upper Paleozoic coal-bearing strata in the Huanghua Depression
图 10 黄骅坳陷上古生界煤层气成藏模式图
a.浅埋岩浆作用型；b.构造深埋作用型；c.多期构造反转作用型；d.深埋岩浆作用型；e.综合成藏模式
Fig. 10. Coalbed methane accumulation models of the Upper Paleozoic in the Huanghua Depression
表 1 黄骅坳陷上古生界煤岩煤质参数特征
Table 1. Characteristics of coal quality parameters of Upper Paleozoic coal rock in Huanghua Depression
层位 样品数 Mad(%) Ⅴad(%) Aad(%) FCad(%) 镜质组(%) 惰质组(%) 壳质组(%) Ro(%) 山西组 10 0.58 18.86 17.09 63.47 66.12 26.48 7.39 0.55~3.73 太原组 10 1.05 20.03 21.21 57.71 73.62 18.32 8.06 0.86~1.21 
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表 2 黄骅坳陷上古生界煤储层孔隙结构
Table 2. Pore-structure parameters of Upper Paleozoic coal reservoirs in the Huanghua Depression
层位 低温N2吸附 低温CO2吸附 比表面积
(m2/g)孔体积
(cm3/g)平均孔径
（nm）比表面积
(m2/g)孔体积
(cm3/g)平均孔径
（nm）山西组 2.95 0.016 07 18.77 57.52 0.017 08 0.62 太原组 3.50 0.031 02 42.11 40.20 0.011 72 0.61
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