Development and Testing of a Mechanical While-Drilling Temperature-Measurement Device for Ultra-Deep Wells
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摘要: 为解决超万米深井钻探中电子测温装置因高温失效的难题，研制了一种基于不可逆热敏显色原理的机械式井下随钻测温装置. 该装置集成于绳索取心钻具内管总成，利用特定熔点材料覆盖层熔化显色记录最高温度，并通过打捞矛将内管总成打捞到地表后进行数据的读取. 试验表明，装置测温范围为37~260 ℃，测量误差低于5%，且在37~65 ℃区间分辨率为3 ℃，65~260 ℃区间分辨率为6 ℃. 此外，装置需要约需30 min达到热平衡状态以进行稳定测量，并在72 h长期恒温试验中验证了优异的稳定性.该机械式测温装置无需电子元件，成功克服了超深井高温环境限制，可为万米以深钻探工程提供有效的孔底温度随钻测量手段.Abstract: To address the failure of electronic temperature-measurement devices caused by extreme downhole temperatures in ultra-deep (10, 000-m-class) drilling, this study developed a mechanical temperature-measurement device for while-drilling applications based on an irreversible thermo-chromic (heat-sensitive color-development) principle. Integrated into the inner-tube assembly of a wireline coring drill, the device uses a color-developing coating composed of materials with specified melting points to record the maximum downhole temperature reached. After retrieval of the inner-tube assembly to the surface using an overshot, the temperature record can be read. Experimental results show that the device measures temperatures from 37 to 260 ℃, with measurement errors below 5% in the 110–260 ℃ range. The resolution is 3 ℃ from 37 to 65 ℃ and 6 ℃ from 65 to 260 ℃. In addition, the device requires about 30 minutes to reach thermal equilibrium for stable measurement, and a 72-hour constant-temperature test verified its excellent stability. Because it contains no electronic components, the mechanical device avoids the high-temperature limitations of ultra-deep wells and provides an effective method for while-drilling bottom-hole temperature measurement in drilling projects exceeding 10, 000 meters.
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Key words:
- mechanical /
- temperature measurement /
- coring tools /
- ultra-deep wells /
- temperature-indicating paper
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图 1 测温装置结构及工作原理示意图
a. 测温装置结构示意图；b. 测温原理示意图
Fig. 1. Structure and working principle of the downhole temperature-measurement device
图 2 测温短节升温过程仿真结果
a. 测温短节在200 ℃环境下的升温过程；b. 不同盖板厚度对升温过程的影响；c. 不同材质对升温过程的影响；d. 不同环境温度下的升温过程曲线
Fig. 2. Simulation results of the heating process of the temperature-measurement section
图 3 测温短节在200 MPa外压作用下的静力学仿真结果
a. 应力分布仿真结果；b. 总位移仿真结果
Fig. 3. Static structural simulation results of the temperature-measuring sub under an external pressure of 200 MPa
图 5 不同类型测温试纸的温度响应特性
a. A、B型试纸在60 ℃条件下的颜色变化过程；b. A、B型试纸在110 ℃条件下的颜色变化过程；c. A型试纸在50~150 ℃范围内的响应时间；d. B型试纸在50~150 ℃范围内的响应时间
Fig. 5. Temperature-response characteristics of different types of temperature-sensitive papers
图 6 不同温度下的测量结果
a. 不同温度下的测温结果对比图；b. 测量误差曲线图
Fig. 6. Measurement results at different temperatures
图 7 高温动态响应时间试验结果
a. 150℃下的测量响应时间曲线；b. 200℃下的测量响应时间曲线.
Fig. 7. High-temperature dynamic response test results
图 8 测温长期稳定性试验结果
a. 150 ℃下的长期稳定性试验结果；b. 200 ℃下的长期稳定性试验结果
Fig. 8. Results of long-term temperature-measurement stability tests
表 1 高温井下测温技术对比分析
Table 1. Comparative analysis of high-temperature downhole temperature measurement technologies
技术类型 测温能力 分辨率 装置特点 毛细管/熔点阈值式机械测温 70~630 ℃ 30~117 ℃ 可测超高温、结构简单，离散点温度测量，分辨率极低 液体膨胀机械温度计 范围350 ℃ 2 ℃ 分辨率较高，但利用水银测温有剧毒，现已基本淘汰 双金属式温度记录仪 0~470 ℃ 1 ℃ 可测超高温，分辨率较高，但尺寸过大，不适用于小口径以狗腿度较高的钻孔 耐高温随钻测温系统 高温元件式：≤200 ℃ 0.05 ℃ 分辨率高，但电子系统存在耐温上限，高温井下无法使用 金属保温瓶式：300 ℃/6 h内 0.5°℃ 分辨率高，但仅能在有限时间内使用，超时仪器温度将上升，损坏随钻测量系统 光纤DTS分布式测温 300 ℃ 0.01 ℃ 耐高温，分辨率极高，随钻领域无使用，多用于完孔以后的测井 本文测温装置 37~260 ℃ 3~6 ℃ 适用于高温，体积小，适用于小口径钻进，但分辨率较低 
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