Abstract: The transition from super basin to super sequence represents a strategic focus of oil and gas exploration understanding from macro basin scale to enriched interval scale. The source rock intervals themselves, together with the reservoirs and trap groups immediately adjacent to them, collectively constitute the “super sequence”, which can accumulate more than 80% of the total hydrocarbon resources in a super basin, forming the “proximal-micro hydrocarbon migration-accumulation system”. Under the new circumstances of energy transition, the exploration of proximal conventional trap groups and within-source-rock-strata unconventional reservoirs holds equally important strategic positions and exploration value. Upholding the philosophy of proximal to/within source-rock-strata exploration and focusing on the deterministic and large-scale hydrocarbon resources within the super sequence can lead to greater discovery probability, faster discovery pace, larger discovery scale, and higher industrial value. Systematic research demonstrates that: (1) The static attributes and dynamic evolution of the super sequence fundamentally control the hydrocarbon-bearing properties of proximal-sequence trap groups and within-source-rock-sequence reservoirs, determining the evolutionary direction of petroleum geological understanding and the main layout of exploration practice. (2) Looking back at the recent series of strategic breakthroughs in super basins such as Ordos and Sichuan Basin have all been achieved by focusing on the super sequence and simultaneously pursuing both proximal-sequence trap groups and within-source-rock-sequence sweet bodies. (3) Looking to the future, deep to ultra-deep large-scale proximal-sequence trap groups, medium to shallow within-source-rock-sequence shale sweet intervals, and proximal-sequence tight gas and within-source-rock-sequence coal-bed gas in coal-measures constitute the core domains within the super sequence that will ensure faster commercial discoveries and larger-scale reserve and production growth. Firmly promoting the integrated exploration and development centered on the super sequence, and realizing the synergistic discovery of proximal-sequence trap groups and within-source-rock-sequence reservoirs with three-dimensional coordinated development of multiple resource types, will be an effective pathway to enhance exploration efficiency and investment returns and to achieve the sustainable development of the oil and gas industry in the later stage of exploration.