Strata Characteristics of the Early Triassic Nanzhang-Yuan'an Fauna in Western Hubei Province
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摘要: 在区域地质调查的基础上，以远安张家湾嘉陵江组剖面为重点，通过对南漳和远安交界地区下三叠统嘉陵江组剖面测制和多处化石点考察，重新厘定研究区内嘉陵江组岩性特征.认为研究区内的嘉陵江组划分为3个岩性段更为合理，产南漳-远安动物群的纹层状灰岩段位于二段顶部.通过系统化石发掘和张家湾剖面详细描述，初步查明了南漳-远安动物群的垂向分布特征：在30余米厚的纹层状灰岩段中均有海生爬行动物产出，只是丰度和分异度存在一定差异，其中7组岩层相对富集，顶部最为丰富.在此基础上，通过地层对比和所有化石点综合分析，将动物群自北东向南西划分为A~D 4个区带，依次命名为绝缘区、边缘区、相对富集区和富集区，分别对应化石从无到有、丰度逐渐变化及水深逐渐加深的过程，总体上仍处于水体循环受限的台内洼地或潟湖相环境.此次查明动物群的分布特征将为研究动物群生物与环境协同演化及其对早三叠世生物复苏的响应奠定良好的基础.Abstract: Based on the study of fossils spots and representative sections of the Nanzhang-Yuan'an Fauna, especially the Zhangjiawan section in Yuan'an county, the lithostratigraphic characteristics of the Jialingjiang Formation was redefined between Nanzhang and Yuan'an areas. It is reasonable that the Jialingjiang Formation in those areas should be divided into three members, in which the Nanzhang-Yuan'an Fauna is mainly yielded in the upper part of Member II. The lithology yielded the Nanzhang-Yuan'an Fauna mainly consists of laminated micritic limestone intercalated with normal micrite. Through systematical fossil excavations and detailed descriptions of the Zhangjiawan section, the vertical stratigraphic distributions of the Nanzhang-Yuan'an Fauna are preliminary recognized. Marine reptile fossils could exist in almost whole strata of the upper part of Member II of the Jialingjiang Formation, but the fossil abundance and diversity change largely in different layers. The abundance and diversity are relatively higher in seven strata assemblages than others, the peak appeared at the uppermost assemblages. The horizontal paleogeographic distribution features of the fauna in those areas could be summarized as four facies belts, named A, B, C and D zones, which correspond to empty zone, marginal zone, relative enrichment zone and enrichment zone, respectively. Different zones reflect the fauna experienced from rare to rich, meanwhile the water depth gradually deepens from northeast to southwest. The distributions of the Nanzhang-Yuan'an Fauna indicate that the marine reptiles could live in restricted shallow water or lagoon environment. The research will lay a good foundation not only for the co-evolution between early marine reptiles and environment, but also for its response to the Early Triassic biological recovery.
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图 1 华南三叠纪海生爬行动物群地理分布
Fig. 1. Distribution of the Triassic marine reptile faunas in South China
图 2 远安张家湾剖面中南漳-远安动物群产出层位
Fig. 2. The strata yielding the Nanzhang-Yuan'an Fauna at Zhangjiawan section of Yuan'an County
图 3 张家湾剖面中部分海生爬行动物化石
a.第6层的鳍龙类（？）；b.第30层的扇桨龙（未定种）；c.第33-2层的湖北鳄类；d.第34层的鱼龙类；e.第51层的南漳湖北鳄；f.第87层的卡洛董氏扇桨龙
Fig. 3. Some marine reptile fossils from the Zhangjiawan section of Yuan'an County
图 4 南漳-远安动物群化石常见的赋存状态
a.压实作用前灰岩与极薄层黑色有机质页岩韵律互层示意图；b.成岩后薄层灰岩夹沥青质薄膜；c. 33层中薄层纹层状灰岩层面的沥青质薄膜；d. 81层中湖北鳄化石表层的沥青质薄膜（白色箭头所示）
Fig. 4. Main occurrence states of marine reptile fossils of Nanzhang-Yuan'an fauna in the Nanzhang and Yuan'an area
图 5 南漳和远安交界地区嘉陵江组地层划分对比
Fig. 5. Stratigraphic correlation of the Jialingjiang Formation between Nanzhang and Yuan'an County
图 6 南漳和远安交界地区嘉陵江组二段和三段接触关系
a.肖堰大石板剖面；b.肖堰西流坪剖面；c.巡检白鹤船剖面；d.远安张家湾剖面
Fig. 6. Contact relationship between member II and III of Jialingjiang Formation at typical stratigraphic sections of Nanzhang-Yuan'an fauna in Nanzhang and Yuan'an areas of western Hubei
图 7 南漳-远安动物群横向分布（a）和古地理简图（b）
Fig. 7. Horizontal distribution of the Nanzhang-Yuan'an Fauna (a) and simplified paleogeographic map in the Nanzhang-Yuan'an fauna period (b)
表 1 南漳-远安地区嘉陵江组地层划分对比表
Table 1. Stratigraphic division and comparison of the Jialingjiang Formation in the Nanzhang and Yuan'an areas
鄂西地区 南漳-远安地区 赵金科等(1962) 张振来等(2002) 程龙等(2015) 陈粲等(2016) 本文 嘉陵江组 四段 嘉陵江组 T1 四段 嘉陵江组 T2 四段 巴东组 T2 一段 嘉陵江组 T2 三段 上部 下部 三段 三段 T1 三段 嘉陵江组 T1 三段 T1 二段 上部 二段 二段 二段 二段 中部 下部 一段 一段 一段 一段 一段 
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