Petrogenesis and Tectonic Significance of Silurian Intermediate⁃Acid Intrusive Rocks in the Xiemisitai Area, West Junggar
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摘要: 西准噶尔谢米斯台地区发育大量的古生代中酸性侵入体，是研究中亚造山带地壳增生作用的热点地区.对谢米斯台西段乌什加嘎衣提金矿床地区的侵入体进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学、锆石U⁃Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成研究.结果表明，该区侵入体以二长岩和石英二长岩为主，锆石U⁃Pb年龄为429~424 Ma，εHf(t)值为+11.7~+15.2，Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄tDM2在560 Ma左右. 两类岩石地球化学特征相似，均属于高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列，富集Rb、K、Zr和Hf，亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti，具有Ⅰ型花岗岩特征，指示大陆弧构造背景.综合研究认为，谢米斯台西段中酸性侵入体形成于早古生代准噶尔-巴尔喀什洋向北俯冲过程的火山弧构造背景，由新生镁铁质下地壳部分熔融形成，记录了玄武质洋内弧向大陆弧转变的地壳生长过程.Abstract: There are abundant Paleozoic intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the Xiemisitai area, West Junggar, which is a hotspot for the study of crustal accretion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. In this study, detailed petrology, geochemistry, zircon U⁃Pb geochronology and Hf isotopic composition analysis were conducted for the intrusive rocks in the Wushijiagayiti gold deposit area in the western section of Xiemisitai. The results show that the intrusive rocks mainly consist of monzonites and quartz monzonites, with zircon U⁃Pb ages ranging from 429 to 424 Ma, εHf(t) values ranging from +11.7 to +15.2, and Hf isotope model ages of tDM2 of ca. 560 Ma. The monzonites and quartz monzonites have similar geochemical characteristics belonging to high⁃K calc⁃alkaline to shoshonitic series and are enriched in Rb, K, Zr and Hf, depleted Nb, Ta, P and Ti. All of them are typical of I⁃type granitoids and show continental arcaffinity. According to comprehensive research, it is inferred that the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the western section of the Xiemisitai area were derived from partial melting of young mafic lower crust in a volcanic arc setting during the northward subduction of the Junggar⁃Balkhash Ocean in the early Paleozoic. They recorded the transformation from a basaltic intra⁃oceanic arc to a continental arc during crustal growth.
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图 1 中亚造山带构造分区简图(a)、西准噶尔及邻区构造分区简图(b)和西准噶尔地区地质简图(c)
a. 据Yin et al.(2017)；Zhang et al.(2018)；Chen et al.(2019)修改；b. 据Yin et al.(2017)；Chen et al.(2019)修改；c. 据Shen et al.(2012b)；Yin et al.(2017)；Zhang et al.(2018)；Chen et al.(2019)修改
Fig. 1. Simplified tectonic framework map of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (a) and West Junggar (b) and geological map of the West Junggar Region (c)
图 2 西准噶尔北部谢米斯台地区地质简图
据Shen et al.(2012a)；Yin et al.(2017)；Chen et al.(2019)修改；图中年龄数据来源：(1)杨钢等(2015)；(2)Chen et al.(2019)；(3)Wang et al.(2017)；(4)Chen et al.(2010)；(5)Yin et al.(2017)；(6)Yin et al.(2018)；(7)王敏等(2018)；(8)Yin et al.，2017；(9)Du et al.(2019)；(10)Yang et al.(2019)；(11)都厚远和陈家富(2017)；(12)Zhao and He(2013)
Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the Xiemisitai area in northern West Junggar
图 3 西准噶尔北部谢米斯台西段乌什加嘎衣提地区地质简图及采样位置
Fig. 3. Simplified geological map of Wushijiagayiti area in western Xiemisitai area of northern West Junggar and sampling location
图 4 乌什加嘎衣提地区二长岩、石英二长岩野外及镜下特征
a. 二长岩侵入谢米斯台组安山岩；b. 石英脉沿裂隙灌入石英二长岩；c，d. 二长岩(KYL302⁃1)显微镜下照片；e，f. 石英二长岩(KYL704⁃1)显微镜下照片；c，e为单偏光拍摄，d，f为正交偏光拍摄；Pl. 斜长石；Kfs. 钾长石；Qz. 石英；Chl. 绿泥石；Mag. 磁铁矿
Fig. 4. Field and microscopic characteristics of monzonites and quartz monzonites in the Wushijiagayiti area
图 5 乌什加嘎衣提地区中酸性侵入体SiO2⁃(Na2O+K2O)(a)、SiO2⁃K2O(b)及微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(c)和稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图(d)
429~407 Ma谢米斯台地区I型和A型花岗岩主、微量数据来源于Chen et al.(2015，2019)；杨钢等(2015)；Yin et al.(2017，2018)；王敏等(2018)；Zhang et al.(2018)(下文同)；原始地幔及球粒陨石标准化值据McDonough and Sun(1995)
Fig. 5. SiO2⁃(Na2O+K2O) (a) and SiO2⁃K2O (b)diagrams, Primitive mantle⁃normalized trace element patterns (c) andChondrite⁃normalized REE patterns (d) of the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the Wushijiagayitiarea
图 6 乌什加嘎衣提地区中酸性侵入体锆石CL图像、测点位置、U⁃Pb年龄及εHf(t)值
图中白色圆圈和黄色圆圈分别代表U⁃Pb和Lu⁃Hf同位素分析点位
Fig. 6. Zircon CL graphics, points location, U⁃Pb ages and εHf(t) values of the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the Wushijiagayiti area
图 7 乌什加嘎衣提地区中酸性侵入体锆石U⁃Pb谐和年龄及频率分布直方图
Fig. 7. Zircon U⁃Pb concordia ages and frequency distribution histograms of the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the Wushijiagayiti area
图 8 乌什加嘎衣提地区中酸性侵入体年龄⁃εHf(t)图(a)和tDM2频率分布直方图(b)
Fig. 8. Age⁃εHf(t) diagram (a) and tDM2 frequency distribution histogram (b) of the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the Wushijiagayiti area
图 9 乌什加嘎衣提地区中酸性侵入体10 000Ga/Al⁃Nb(a)、Zr+Ce+Nb+Y⁃(Na2O+K2O)/CaO(b)、
SiO2⁃P2O5(c)及Rb⁃Th(d)图解a，b. 据Whalen et al.(1987)；c，d.据Chappell(1999)；Chappell and White(1992, 2001)
Fig. 9. 10 000Ga/Al⁃Nb (a)、Zr+Ce+Nb+Y⁃(Na2O+K2O)/CaO (b)、SiO2⁃P2O5(c) and Rb⁃Th(d) diagrams of the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the Wushijiagayiti area
图 10 乌什加嘎衣提地区中酸性侵入体Y⁃Nb(a)、La⁃La/Sm(b)及源区判别(c, d)图解
PM. 部分熔融；FC. 分离结晶；c，d. 据Patiño Douce(1999)；Kaygusuz et al.(2010)
Fig. 10. Y⁃Nb (a)、La⁃La/Sm (b) and Source discrimination (c, d) diagrams of the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the Wushijiagayiti area
图 11 乌什加嘎衣提地区中酸性侵入体(La/Yb)N⁃岩浆形成深度(dm)(a)和石英二长岩Zr⁃锆石饱和温度(TZr)(b)图解
Fig. 11. (La/Yb)N⁃Formation Depth of Magma (dm) diagram of the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks (a) and Zr⁃Zircon saturation temperature (TZr) diagram of quartz monzonites(b) in the Wushijiagayiti area
图 12 乌什加嘎衣提地区中酸性侵入体主量元素哈克图解
Fig. 12. Harker diagrams of the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the Wushijiagayiti area
图 13 乌什加嘎衣提地区中酸性侵入体Sr⁃Rb/Sr(a)和Sr⁃Ba(b)图解
Fig. 13. Sr⁃Rb/Sr(a) and Sr⁃Ba(b) diagrams of the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the Wushijiagayiti area
图 14 乌什加嘎衣提地区中酸性侵入体构造判别图解
VAG(volcanic arc granites). 火山弧花岗岩；WPG(within⁃plate granites). 板内花岗岩；ORG(ocean ridge granites). 洋脊花岗岩；Syn⁃COLG(syn⁃collision granites). 同碰撞花岗岩；据Pearce et al.(1984)；Wang et al.(2024)
Fig. 14. Tectonic discrimination diagrams of the intermediate⁃acid intrusive rocks in the Wushijiagayiti area
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张叶军附表3-锆石Lu-Hf同位素分析结果.xlsx
张叶军附表1-全岩主微量分析结果.xlsx
张叶军附表2-锆石U-Pb分析结果.xlsx
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