Characteristics of Oligocene Fault Activity in the Yinggehai Basin and Its Relationship with Left⁃Lateral Motion on the Ailao Shan⁃Red River Shear Zone
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摘要: 莺歌海盆地关键断层与红河断裂带的运动学特征与动力学成因机制存在争议. 本文利用地层回剥技术和平衡剖面恢复方法，分析莺歌海盆地重要断层在不同时期的盆地沉降量和伸展量，探讨红河断裂带构造活动与莺歌海盆地形成演化过程. 研究表明，在30~21 Ma期间走滑作用主要集中在Song Lo断层附近，水平伸展作用较弱；同时期的水平伸展作用主要集中在Chay断层一带. 沉降中心位于河内凹陷的Chay断层、Thai Binh断层与东西向断层带的叠加区域. 21~15.5 Ma期间，盆地北部发生构造反转，在临高凸起挤压隆升最为剧烈，Song Lo断层、莺东和东方断层均发生不同程度的构造反转. Song Lo断层与红河断裂带的活动特征相似，莺东断层与东方断层是Song Lo断层在莺歌海盆内的南部延伸. 印支地块逃逸过程同时伴随着重要的区域伸展过程，走滑逃逸沿着莺歌海盆地东侧的边界断层发生，而区域伸展作用在盆地内部及外围普遍存在，构造反转与陆上左行剪切活动减弱和印支地块的旋转停止有关.Abstract: The kinematic characteristics and dynamic mechanisms of key faults in the Yinggehai Basin and the Red River Fault Zone remain controversial. This study applies stratigraphic backstripping and balanced cross⁃section restoration to quantify subsidence and extensional rates of major faults in the Yinggehai Basin across different geological periods, aiming to clarify the tectonic activity of the Red River Fault Zone and the basin's evolutionary history.Results show that between 30 and 21 Ma, strike⁃slip faulting was primarily concentrated along the Song Lo Fault, while horizontal extension remained relatively minor. During this period, significant extensional deformation was localized in the Chay Fault zone. The main subsidence center was located in the Hanoi Depression, especially in the overlap zone of the Chay Fault, Thai Binh Fault, and east⁃west trending fault systems. From 21 to 15.5 Ma, tectonic inversion occurred in the northern basin, with the most intense compressional uplift centered on the Lingao Uplift. Concurrently, the Song Lo, Yingdong, and Dongfang Faults experienced varying degrees of tectonic inversion.The tectonic behavior of the Song Lo Fault mirrors that of the Red River Fault Zone, with the Yingdong and Dongfang Faults acting as southern extensions of the Song Lo Fault within the Yinggehai Basin. The escape tectonics of the Indochina Block was marked by substantial regional extension, with strike⁃slip deformation occurring along boundary faults on the eastern margin of the Yinggehai Basin, while extensional tectonics was widespread both within and around the basin. The observed tectonic inversion is closely linked to the reduction of left⁃lateral shear along onshore faults and the cessation of rotational motion of the Indochina Block.
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Key words:
- Ailao Shan-Red River Shear Zone /
- Yinggehai Basin /
- tectonic subsidence /
- amount of extension /
- inversion /
- tectonics
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图 2 河内凹陷及临高凸起构造格架
Fig. 2. Tectonic framework of the Hanoi Depression and the Lingao Uplift
图 3 莺歌海盆地综合柱状图(据解习农等, 2009修改)
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic division of the Yinggehai Basin(modified from Xie et al., 2009)
图 4 莺歌海盆地河内凹陷主要断层活动性
Fig. 4. The tectonic subsidence and extension (compression) amounts of faults in the Ha Noi Depression
图 5 30~21 Ma期间莺歌海盆地构造沉降量平面分布
Fig. 5. The planar distribution of tectonic subsidence in the Yinggehai Basin during 30⁃21 Ma
图 6 21~15.5 Ma期间莺歌海盆地构造沉降量平面分布
Fig. 6. The planar distribution of tectonic subsidence in the Yinggehai Basin during 21⁃15.5 Ma
图 8 莺西断层及莺东斜坡主要断层活动性
Fig. 8. The tectonic subsidence and extension (compression) amounts of faults on the Yingxi Slope and Yingdong Slope
图 9 哀牢山-红河剪切带及莺歌海盆地断层运动特征(雪龙山、点苍山、哀牢山和Dai Nui Con Voi, 资料据Morley et al., 2023)
Fig. 9. Fault movement characteristics of the Ailaoshan⁃Red River Shear Zone and Yinggehai Basin(data is based on Morley et al., 2023)
图 10 30~21 Ma莺歌海盆地伸展量
Song Lo断层、东方断层、莺东断层以走滑为主；北东-南西向水平伸展量沿着Song Lo断层、Thai Binh断层、Vinh Ninh断层、Chay断层向西南逐渐增强
Fig. 10. Extension amounts in the Yinggehai Basin during 30⁃21 Ma
图 12 21~15.5 Ma莺歌海盆地各个断裂的挤压量
Fig. 12. The compression amounts of the diffrent faults in the Yinggehai Basin during 21⁃15.5 Ma
表 1 剖面发育的主要断层
Table 1. The major faults developed in the section
剖面 主要发育断层 盆地构造单元 1 Thai Binh断层、Vinh Ninh断层 河内凹陷 2 Song Lo断层、东方断层 临高凸起 3 Song Lo断层、东方断层 4 Chay断层、Vinh Ninh断层、Song Lo断层、Thai Binh断层 河内凹陷 5 Chay断层、Vinh Ninh断层、Song Lo断层、Thai Binh断层 6 东方断层 临高凸起 7 Chay断层 河内凹陷 8 Thai Binh断层、Vinh Ninh断层、Song Lo断层、东方断层 河内凹陷、临高凸起 9 Chay断层与Thai Binh断层之间的东西向断层 河内凹陷 10 Chay断层、Vinh Ninh断层、Song Lo断层、Thai Binh断层
东方断层、莺东断层莺西斜坡、临高凸起、莺东斜坡 11 北东向小断层 莺东斜坡 12 Vinh Ninh断层、Song Lo断层、Thai Binh断层 莺西斜坡 13 Vinh Ninh断层与Song Lo断层之间东西向断层 河内凹陷、临高凸起 14 莺西断层、Chay断层、Thai Binh断层、东方断层、莺东断层 莺西斜坡、临高凸起、中央凹陷 15 莺西断层 莺西斜坡 16 莺西断层 17 东方断层、莺东断层 莺东斜坡 18 1号断层 中央凹陷、莺东斜坡 19 1号断层 
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