U⁃Pb Geochronology and Geochemical Characteristics of the Apatite from the Shuikoujing Alkaline Complex in the Southern Panxi Rift
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摘要: 水口菁碱性杂岩体是攀西裂谷南段出露面积最大的基性⁃超基性环状杂岩体.前人研究认为该杂岩体与晚二叠纪峨眉山大火成岩省岩浆活动紧密相关，但一直缺乏精确的年代学限定，制约了对攀西裂谷南段碱性杂岩体的成因演化及构造动力学背景的认识.在详细的岩相学和地球化学研究基础上，利用LA⁃(MC)⁃ICP⁃MS分析技术对主要副矿物磷灰石开展了U⁃Pb定年、微量元素组成及Sr同位素分析，从而探讨其成因演化和对应的构造动力学背景.结果显示辉长岩和辉石闪长岩中的磷灰石U⁃Pb年龄分别为263±11 Ma和262.8±6.4 Ma，磷灰石原位Sr同位素组成均一(0.704 1~0.704 5)且具有典型的幔源特征.其原始岩浆的形成与峨眉山大火成岩省的活动紧密相关，起源于板内拉张环境下的岩石圈地幔低程度部分熔融，并经历了快速的岩浆分异演化.攀西裂谷南段发育的这些碱性杂岩体很可能是最早期峨眉山大火成岩省初始岩浆演化的产物.Abstract: The Shuikoujing alkaline complex, the largest basic⁃ultrabasic complex exposed in the southern Panxi Rift.Previous studies suggest that the complex is closely related to the Late Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP) magmatic activity, but precise geochronological constraints have been lacking, which has hindered the understanding of the genesis, evolution, and tectono⁃dynamic background of the alkaline complex in the southern Panxirift.In this study, based on detailed petrographic and geochemical investigations, using LA⁃(MC)⁃ICP⁃MS analytical techniques to conduct U⁃Pb dating, trace element composition, and Sr isotopic analysis on apatite from various lithologies. These analyses aim to explore the genesis, evolution, and the associated tectono⁃dynamic background of the complex. The results show that the U⁃Pb ages of apatite from the gabbro and pyroxene diorite are 263±11 Ma and 262.8±6.4 Ma, The in situ Sr isotope composition of apatite is uniform (0.704 1~0.704 5) and exhibits typical mantle⁃derived characteristics. Suggesting that the formation of the primary magma is closely related to the activity of the ELIP, originating from low⁃degree partial melting of the lithospheric mantle in an intraplate extensional setting, and subsequently underwent rapid magmatic differentiation and evolution. Additionally, these alkaline complexes in the southern Panxi Rift are inferred to be products of the initial magmatic evolution of the ELIP.
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Key words:
- Shuikoujing /
- apatite /
- Panxi Rift /
- alkaline complex /
- geochemistry
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图 1 攀西裂谷与峨眉山大陆溢流玄武岩构造地质简图
Fig. 1. Simplified geological map of the Panxi rift and Emeishan flood basalts
图 3 水口菁杂岩体中辉石岩(a)、辉长岩(b)、霓霞钠辉岩(c)、辉石闪长岩(d)和霞石正长岩脉(e)的手标本及野外照片
Fig. 3. Photographs of hand specimen and field of pyroxenite (a), gabbro (b), ijolite (c), diorite (d), and nepheline syenite veins (e) from the Shuikoujing complex
图 4 水口菁杂岩体中辉石岩(a)、辉长岩(b)、霓霞钠辉岩(c)、霓霞钠辉岩中磷灰石(d)、辉长岩中磷灰石(e)、辉石闪长岩中磷灰石(f)及辉石闪长岩(g)镜下特征
Aug. 辉石；Ol. 橄榄石；Pl. 斜长石；Ab. 钠长石；Act. 阳起石；Aeg. 霓石；Ne. 霞石；Ap. 磷灰石；Hbl. 角闪石
Fig. 4. Petrographic characteristics of pyroxenite (a), gabbro (b), ijolite (c), apatite in ijolite (d), apatite in gabbro (e), apatite in pyroxene diorite (f), and pyroxene diorite (g) within the Shuikoujing complex
图 5 水口菁辉长岩中磷灰石(a)和辉石闪长岩中磷灰石(b)阴极发光图像
Fig. 5. Cathodoluminescence images of apatite from the Shuikoujing gabbro (a) and diorite(b)
图 6 水口菁杂岩体辉长岩中磷灰石(a)和辉石闪长岩中磷灰石(b)年龄谐和图
Fig. 6. Concordia diagrams of ages for apatite from the gabbro (a), apatite from the pyroxene diorite (b), within the Shuikoujing complex
图 7 辉长岩中磷灰石(a)和辉石闪长岩中磷灰石(b)稀土配分模式图
标准化值据 Sun and Mc Donough(1989)
Fig. 7. Chondrite⁃normalized rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns of apatite from gabbro (a), apatite from pyroxene diorite (b)
图 8 攀西裂谷杂岩体地球化学分类图解
a. TAS图解；b. SiO2⁃Na2O图解；c. CaO⁃Sc投图；d. SiO2⁃LREE投图；图例颜色指代：红色. 水口菁杂岩体(本次研究)；粉色. 水口菁杂岩体(前人)；橙色. 红格杂岩体；黄色. 猫猫沟杂岩体；紫色. 太和杂岩体；青色. 攀枝花杂岩体；绿色. 白马杂岩体；蓝色. 鸡街杂岩体；数据来自于罗震宇等(2006)；Zhong et al.(2011)；赵正等(2012)；底图自Middlemost(1994)
Fig. 8. Geochemical classification diagram of the Panxi rift
图 10 水口菁杂岩体球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式图(a)原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)
Fig. 10. Chondrite⁃normalized rare earth element distribution pattern diagram (a) and the primitive mantle⁃normalized trace element spider diagram (b) of the Shuikoujing complex
图 11 水口菁辉长岩和辉石闪长岩中磷灰石微量元素二元图解及Sr同位素组成
Fig. 11. Binary diagram and Sr isotopic composition of trace elements in apatite from the Shuikoujing gabbro and pyroxene diorite
图 12 水口菁杂岩体SiO2⁃Ce/Pb图解(a)、SiO2⁃Nb/La图解(b)、Th/Hf⁃Ta/Hf图解(c)及2Nb⁃Zr/4⁃Y图解(d)、
Ⅰ. 板块发散边缘N⁃MORB区；Ⅱ. 板块汇聚边缘；Ⅱ1. 大洋岛弧玄武岩区Ⅱ2. 陆缘岛弧及陆缘火山弧玄武岩区)；Ⅲ. 大洋板内洋岛、海山玄武岩区及T⁃MORB、E⁃MORB区；Ⅳ. 大陆板内；Ⅳ1. 陆内裂谷及陆缘裂谷拉斑玄武岩区；Ⅳ2. 陆内裂谷碱性玄武岩区；Ⅳ3. 大陆拉张带或初始裂谷玄武岩区；Ⅴ. 地幔热柱玄武岩区；A1. 板内碱性玄武岩；A2. 板内碱性玄武岩和板内拉斑玄武岩；B. P型洋中脊玄武岩(P⁃MORB)；C. 板内拉斑玄武岩和火山弧玄武岩；D. N型洋中脊玄武岩(N⁃MORB)和火山弧玄武岩
Fig. 12. SiO2⁃Ce/Pb discrimination diagram (a)、SiO2⁃Nb/La discrimination diagram (b)、Th/Hf⁃Ta/Hf discrimination diagram(c) and 2Nb⁃Zr/4⁃Y discrimination diagram(d) of the Shuikoujing complex
表 1 攀西裂谷部分碱性侵入岩年龄统计
Table 1. Age statistics of the complex in the Panxi Rift
矿床或成矿岩体 分析对象 测试方法 年龄(Ma) 资料来源 水口箐 辉长岩 磷灰石LA-ICP-MS 263±11 本次研究 闪长岩 磷灰石LA-ICP-MS 262.8±6.4 本次研究 辉长岩 斜锆石LA-ICP-MS 210±3 Yang et al.(2022) 猫猫沟 霞石正长岩 锆石SHRIMP 261.6±4.4 罗震宇等(2006) 白马 辉长岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS 258.2±2.2 Zhong et al. (2011) 辉长岩 锆石SHRIMP 261±2 Shellnutt et al. (2009) 太和 辉长岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS 258.8±2.3 Zhong et al. (2011) 辉长岩 锆石SHRIMP 259±3 Shellnutt et al. (2014) 攀枝花 辉长岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS 255.4±3.1 Zhong et al. (2011) 辉长岩 锆石LA-ICP-MS 257.9±2.4 Zhong et al. (2011) 红格 辉长岩 锆石SHRIMP 263±3 Zhou et al. (2005) 辉长岩 锆石SIMS 258.7±2 Zhong et al. (2011) 辉长岩 锆石SIMS 258.9±2.1 Zhong et al. (2011) 鸡街 霞辉岩 全岩40Ar-Ar39 193.5±3.3 刘红英等(2004a) 注：数据收集自刘红英等(2004a)；罗震宇等(2006)； Shellnutt et al.(2009) ;Zhong et al.(2011) ;Yang et al.(2022) 
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