Plant-Microbe Interactions in Soil Stabilization and Erosion Control on TBM Muck Slopes in Alpine Regions
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摘要:
针对青藏高原隧道掘进机（Tunnel Boring Machine，简称TBM）洞渣边坡结构松散、养分贫乏及植被恢复困难等问题，评估了植物-微生物联合修复在边坡固土抗蚀方面的作用.采用室内盆栽和野外边坡试验，设置对照组（CK）及枯草芽孢杆菌（K）、地衣芽孢杆菌（DY）、解淀粉芽孢杆菌（JD）、黑曲霉（H）、哈茨木霉（HC）共5种微生物处理组，测定养分、酶活、植物生长和坡面水动力指标.研究表明：植物-微生物联合处理通过促进根系发育、提高酶活和改善养分条件，对坡面水动力特征产生综合影响，从而提升边坡抗侵蚀能力.径流功率最大削减97.36%，阻力系数最大增幅486.26%.为高寒高海拔山区TBM弃渣体边坡的生态修复与水土保持提供了有效的技术方案.
Abstract:This study aims to evaluate the effects of plant-microbe combined remediation on soil stabilization and erosion resistance of TBM muck slopes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, where slope materials are loose in structure, deficient in nutrients, and difficult to revegetate. Indoor pot experiments and field slope trials were conducted. A control (CK) and five microbial treatments were established, including Bacillus subtilis (K), Bacillus licheniformis (DY), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (JD), Aspergillus niger (H), and Trichoderma harzianum (HC). Soil nutrients, enzyme activities, plant growth, and slope hydrodynamic parameters were measured. The results show that the plant-microbe combined treatments improved root development, enhanced enzyme activities, and ameliorated nutrient conditions, thereby exerting integrated effects on slope hydrodynamic characteristics and ultimately increasing slope erosion resistance. Runoff power was reduced by up to 97.36%, while the resistance coefficient increased by up to 486.26%. The findings provide an effective technical approach for the ecological restoration and soil and water conservation of TBM waste-muck slopes in alpine and high-altitude regions.
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图 2 微生物群落α多样性及门类相对丰度变化
Fig. 2. Changes in microbial community α-diversity and relative abundance of phyla
图 4 微生物影响下TBM洞渣理化性质变化
不同字母表示两组之间存在显著性差异（p < 0.05），SOC：有机碳；AN：铵态氮；AK：速效钾；AP：速效磷
Fig. 4. Changes in the physicochemical properties of TBM muck under microbial influence
图 5 微生物影响下土壤酶活性变化
单位均为（U/g），不同字母表示两组之间存在显著性差异（p < 0.05）
Fig. 5. Changes in soil enzyme activity under microbial influence
图 6 不同处理下植物生物量及根系结构变化特征
不同字母表示两组之间存在显著性差异（p < 0.05）
Fig. 6. Changes in plant biomass and root architecture under different treatments
图 7 不同处理下边坡水力及水动力学参数特征
Fig. 7. Characteristics of hydraulic and hydrodynamic parameters of slopes under different treatments
图 8 不同微生物对土壤微生物群落结构影响
Fig. 8. Effects of different microorganisms on soil microbial community structure
图 9 土‒植‒微生物与土壤抗侵蚀能力的关系
*表示p < 0.05，**表示p < 0.01
Fig. 9. Relationship between soil-plant-microbe interactions and soil erosion resistance
表 1 水力水动力学指标
Table 1. Hydraulic and hydrodynamic parameters
指标 公式 单位 参考文献 侵蚀速率 $ \mathrm{S}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{R}=\frac{{M}_{\mathrm{s}}}{dLt} $ m/s Guo et al., 2024；
陈岳岩等，2025雷诺数（Re） $ Re=\frac{v\times R}{\mu } $ 无量纲 弗劳德数（Fr） $ Fr=\frac{V}{\sqrt[]{gh}} $ 无量纲 阻力系数（f） $ f=\frac{8gRJ}{{v}^{2}} $ 无量纲 径流剪切力（τ） $ \tau ={p}_{\mathrm{w}}gRJ $ N/m2 径流功率（ω） $ \omega =\tau v $ N/(m·s) 
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